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12 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Genotype vs. Phenotype
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Geno type refers to characteristics that coded on the genes; Phenotype refers to observable & measurable characteristics. Phenotype - physical traits (height & eyes)
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Reaction Range
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Genetic endowment sets a range (upper & lower boundaries) for development for a particular trait.
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Critical & Sensitive Periods
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Critical Period - limited time span during which a person is biologically prep to acquire bx, but requires the presence of environmental stimuli. Sensitive period - capacities can develop at an earlier or later time.
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Maturation
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genetically-determined patterns of development (learning to walk)
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Canalization
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relatively resistant to environmental forces; used to describe narrow developmental path that characteristics take (i.e., sensorimotor)
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Secular Trends
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Differences in the timing of physical changes that are found in children belonging to different cohorts (i.e., onset of menarch)
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Heritability Index
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Estimate the degree a particular characteristic can be attributed to genetics. Studies produces indices ranging .30 - .70 w/average .50.
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Chromosomes
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Genetic Inheritance; 23 pairs in ea. cell; 22 pairs homologous (exact)known as autosomes; 23rd sex chromosome not homologous (XX or XY)
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Dominant vs. Recessive Genes
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dominant-dominant or recessive-recessive from both parents. when different the dominant will determine the character.
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Sex-Linked Characteristics
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Some recessive characteristics are carried only on the X or, less commonly, the Y chromosome.
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PKU - Phenylketonuria
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lack enzyme needed to digest amno acid phenylalanine which can be toxicity affects brain causes MR. can be prevented thru diet low in phenyl. first 6-9 months of life.
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Huntington's Chorea
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degenerative d/o of cns cause by presence of a single dominant gene. 50% chance of getting it if parent has it.
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