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63 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
orofacial clefts are cause of what
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not fully understood but may include
hereditary and environmental factors such as nutrition, stress, ischemia, enlarged tongue, alch/drg, and infections |
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what is cleft lip
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defective defusion of median nasal process with maxillary process
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what is cleft palate
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failure of palatal shelves to fuse. for first palate is formed from mesial nasal process and the secondary palate is formed from maxillary process
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what is incidence of orofacial clefts?
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1 in 700-1000 births
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what is the incidence of orofacial clefts
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45% both
30% palate alone 25% lip alone |
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cl and cp is more common in who?
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males
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isolate cp more common in who
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females
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c. lip is mostly uni/bilater? and if uni, on which side?
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uni. left
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highest incidence of orofacial cleft in which pop
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native american
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pierre-robin syndrome has what?
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mpg-
cleft palate mandibular micrognathia glossoptosis |
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bifid uvula is more common in who?
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males
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what is the etiology of commissural lip pits
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failure of normal fusion of the embryonal maxillary and mandibular process
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commissural lip pits are freq in which pop?
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blacks
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paramedian lip pits are common or rare
what is it associated with? treatment? |
rare. orofacial clefts. cosmetic surgery
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is double lip common?
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no
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what is characterized by fold of excess tissue on the inner mucosal aspect of the
lip? |
double lip
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what resembles a "Cupid's bow"
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double lip
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ascher's syndrome consists of what? what is tx?
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double lip, blepharochalasis, non toxic thyroid enlargement
tx is cosmetic surgery |
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what shows microscopic features of sebaceous acini
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fordyce granules
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what are clinical features of fordyce granules
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multifocal yellow spots located on buccal mucosal and upper lip (occasionally other intraoral sites). ectopic sebaceous gland. asymptomatic. affects all ages
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what is defined as progressive diffuse fibrous overgrowth of gingival tissue
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fibromatosis gingivae
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etiology of fibromatosis gingivae
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MOSTLY hereditary. can be associated with hypertrichosis, craniofacial deformaties, epilepsy and mental retardation
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what age- Fibromatosis Gingivae
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before 20s when you get eruption of primary and permanent teeth
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what do you see in pic of Fibromatosis Gingivae. is it painful?
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overgrowth of gingival tissue. normal color. can be localized or generalized. maxilla more freq.
it is not painful |
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Fibromatosis Gingivae in histo
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fibrous hyperplasia with not much inflammation-hence no pain
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does good oral hygiene help with Fibromatosis Gingivae. how can you treat it
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No, surgical removal. but will prob come back. some severe cases, need to extract teeth
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micognathia as two types, what are they
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Congenital (may be associated with other congenital abnormalities such as congenital heart disease or Pierre Robin syndrome)
Acquired – often results from TMJ disturbances |
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what are examples of dx that display macrognathia? tx?
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Paget's disease
Acromegaly Fibrous dysplasia tx: cosmetic surger |
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what Rare condition characterized by unilateral enlargement of the body or parts
of the body. Most humans exhibit some degree. |
Hemihyperplastia (Hemifacial Hypertrophy)
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what are clinical features of hemihyperplastia (hemifacial hypertrophy)
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females more common
left side more common can be present at birth teeth enlarge big tongue Sometimes appears to be related to neoplasms at the kidney (Wilm’s tumor), Liver and adrenal cortex in children |
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you must consider what two differential dx before you consider hemihyperplastia
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fibrous dysplasia (bone growth) or neurofibromatosis(nerve tissue growing tumor)
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Romberg is another name for what
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progressive hemifacial atrophy
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define hemifacial atrophy
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uncommon degenerative condition characterized by atrophic changes affecting one side of face. DECREASE IN ONE SIDE
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age of progressive hemifacial atrophy
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0-20
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etiology of progressive hemifacial atrophy
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unknown
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progressive hemifacial atrophy common?
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rare
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clinical features of progressive hemifacial atrophy
tx? |
unilateral and name
may-pigmentation of skin teeth one side smaller pt can have facial paresthesia, contralateral epilepsy, trigeminal neuralgia, etc. (think nerves and what they do) after several years, can become stable tx: plastic surgery |
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what are clinical features of segmental odontomaxillary dysplasia?
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Painless, unilateral enlargement of maxillary bone
Often one or two bicuspids is/are missing May be some defects in primary teeth Thickened bone trabeculae ON THE AFFECTED SIDE |
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segmental odontomaxillary dysplasia can be confused with something else. what is it? how can you tell it apart?
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fibrous dysphagia but you can tell it is this b/c you're missing premolars
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Macroglossia has two types what are they? define the char of each of them
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congenital/hereditary and aquired.
congenital- 1) May be due to result vascular malformation (such as hemangioma WHEN IT IS LARGE, Lymphangioma CAN BE IN TONGUE) 2) Hemihypertrophy 3) Down syndrome 4) Neurofibromatosis aquired 1) Edentulous patients 2) Myxedema (hypothyroid/growth) 3) Acromegaly 4) Angioedema |
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what are clinical features of macroglossia
who is it most common in? |
Clinical features
a. Most commonly occurs in children b. May cause difficulty in eating or speaking c. May cause open bite d. May see crenated lateral border of tongue |
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definition fusion between tongue and floor of mouth TONGUE TIED
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ankyloglossia
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who has "fissured tongue"
and what is it's etiology |
increase incidence with age-so geriatrics
etiology-can be hereditary but it can also be from extrinsic factor |
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who mostly gets Benign Migratory Glossitis (Erythema Migrans) (Geographic Tongue)
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females
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what is Benign Migratory Glossitis (Erythema Migrans) (Geographic Tongue)
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-Multiple irregular areas devoid (LOSS) of filiform papillae
-Fungiform papillae persist -Often outlined by yellow-white line -May persist for weeks or months and may recur -Sometimes tongue may be sensitive to hot or spicy foods -May affect other areas of the oral cavity (stomatitis areata migrans) -In other areas of the oral cavity, similar-appearing lesions are referred to as stomatitis areata migrans. |
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what is etiology of (Geographic Tongue)
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unknown
b. Possibly psychosomatic (emotional stress) c. Possibly hypersensitivity to environmental factors (atopic individuals) d. Possibly chronic irritation BUT NO LONGER BIRTH CONTROL |
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what is histo of geographic tongue
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a. Loss of filiform papillae
b. Mild chronic inflammation c. Border may show hyperparakeratosis d. Some features reminiscent of psoriasis |
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what is tx for benign migratory glossitis?
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a. None. WILL GO AWAY BUT SOME WOMEN HAVE IT PERMANENTLY
b. In severe cases, use topical steroids c. Patient should be reassured at the beginning |
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what has Filiform papillae are markedly elongated with stratified parakeratin
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hairy tongue
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Etiology of hairy tongue?
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a. Antibiotic therapy
b. Poor oral hygiene c. Oxidizing mouthwashes or antacids d. Overgrowth of microorganisms (fungal and bacterial) e. General debilitation |
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tx for hairy tongue and what is its differential dx?
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a. Brush tongue with toothbrush or use tongue scraper
b. Use of podophyllum resin in rare cases dd: hairy leukoplakia |
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what is Enlarged or tortuous vein on lingual surface of tongue and who gets it?
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lingual varices. older pts
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etiology of Lingual Thyroid Nodule
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failure of normal development migration of thyroid gland
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clinical features of lingual thyroid nodule
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a. Remnants (DURING DEVELOPMENT) of thyroid tissue can be seen on dorsal posterior tongue in 10% of autopsy studies.
b. Age: early adulthood c. Smooth, nodular and sometimes cystic mass located posterior to the foramen caecum d. Often described as a "meaty mass" SO YOU DON’T WANT TO BIOPSY IT B/C IT IS PART OF THYROID GLAND WITHOUT EST DX FIRST e. May be up to 2 to 3 cm in diameter f. May cause dysphagia or feeling of fullness in throat g. Diagnosis established |
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DD of lingual thyroid nodule
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a. Thyroglossal duct cyst
b. Thyroid scan using iodine isotope is useful in diagnosis |
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tx of lingual thyroid nodule
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Incisional biopsy only (not excisional)
b. Careful physical exam should be performed to demonstrate the presence of a normal thyroid |
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areas of oral tonsil is referred to as
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waldeyer ring
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what is made up of oral tonsils
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a. Palatine tonsils
b. Pharyngeal tonsils c. Lingual tonsils d. May also include paliate papillae |
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what is clinical significance of lateral lingual tonsils?
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a. May be site of malignant lymphoma
b. If lesion does not regress biopsy indicated c. Hyperplasia of this area is termed foliate papillitis |
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what is retrocuspid papilla
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A2 – 4 mm raised pink area of mucosal gingival tissue lingual to
Mandibular cuspids. |
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Circumvallate papillae is for what
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FOR TASTE AND IT IS ONLY SEROUS MINOR SALIVORY GLANDS (VON EBNER GLAND)
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Fungiform papillae is for
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taste
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filiform papillae is for
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protection
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