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63 Cards in this Set

  • Front
  • Back
orofacial clefts are cause of what
not fully understood but may include
hereditary and environmental factors such as nutrition, stress, ischemia, enlarged tongue, alch/drg, and infections
what is cleft lip
defective defusion of median nasal process with maxillary process
what is cleft palate
failure of palatal shelves to fuse. for first palate is formed from mesial nasal process and the secondary palate is formed from maxillary process
what is incidence of orofacial clefts?
1 in 700-1000 births
what is the incidence of orofacial clefts
45% both
30% palate alone
25% lip alone
cl and cp is more common in who?
males
isolate cp more common in who
females
c. lip is mostly uni/bilater? and if uni, on which side?
uni. left
highest incidence of orofacial cleft in which pop
native american
pierre-robin syndrome has what?
mpg-
cleft palate
mandibular micrognathia
glossoptosis
bifid uvula is more common in who?
males
what is the etiology of commissural lip pits
failure of normal fusion of the embryonal maxillary and mandibular process
commissural lip pits are freq in which pop?
blacks
paramedian lip pits are common or rare
what is it associated with? treatment?
rare. orofacial clefts. cosmetic surgery
is double lip common?
no
what is characterized by fold of excess tissue on the inner mucosal aspect of the
lip?
double lip
what resembles a "Cupid's bow"
double lip
ascher's syndrome consists of what? what is tx?
double lip, blepharochalasis, non toxic thyroid enlargement

tx is cosmetic surgery
what shows microscopic features of sebaceous acini
fordyce granules
what are clinical features of fordyce granules
multifocal yellow spots located on buccal mucosal and upper lip (occasionally other intraoral sites). ectopic sebaceous gland. asymptomatic. affects all ages
what is defined as progressive diffuse fibrous overgrowth of gingival tissue
fibromatosis gingivae
etiology of fibromatosis gingivae
MOSTLY hereditary. can be associated with hypertrichosis, craniofacial deformaties, epilepsy and mental retardation
what age- Fibromatosis Gingivae
before 20s when you get eruption of primary and permanent teeth
what do you see in pic of Fibromatosis Gingivae. is it painful?
overgrowth of gingival tissue. normal color. can be localized or generalized. maxilla more freq.
it is not painful
Fibromatosis Gingivae in histo
fibrous hyperplasia with not much inflammation-hence no pain
does good oral hygiene help with Fibromatosis Gingivae. how can you treat it
No, surgical removal. but will prob come back. some severe cases, need to extract teeth
micognathia as two types, what are they
Congenital (may be associated with other congenital abnormalities such as congenital heart disease or Pierre Robin syndrome)

Acquired – often results from TMJ disturbances
what are examples of dx that display macrognathia? tx?
Paget's disease
Acromegaly
Fibrous dysplasia

tx: cosmetic surger
what Rare condition characterized by unilateral enlargement of the body or parts
of the body. Most humans exhibit some degree.
Hemihyperplastia (Hemifacial Hypertrophy)
what are clinical features of hemihyperplastia (hemifacial hypertrophy)
females more common
left side more common
can be present at birth
teeth enlarge
big tongue
Sometimes appears to be related to neoplasms at the kidney (Wilm’s tumor),
Liver and adrenal cortex in children
you must consider what two differential dx before you consider hemihyperplastia
fibrous dysplasia (bone growth) or neurofibromatosis(nerve tissue growing tumor)
Romberg is another name for what
progressive hemifacial atrophy
define hemifacial atrophy
uncommon degenerative condition characterized by atrophic changes affecting one side of face. DECREASE IN ONE SIDE
age of progressive hemifacial atrophy
0-20
etiology of progressive hemifacial atrophy
unknown
progressive hemifacial atrophy common?
rare
clinical features of progressive hemifacial atrophy

tx?
unilateral and name
may-pigmentation of skin
teeth one side smaller
pt can have facial paresthesia, contralateral epilepsy, trigeminal
neuralgia, etc. (think nerves and what they do)
after several years, can become stable

tx: plastic surgery
what are clinical features of segmental odontomaxillary dysplasia?
Painless, unilateral enlargement of maxillary bone
Often one or two bicuspids is/are missing
May be some defects in primary teeth
Thickened bone trabeculae ON THE AFFECTED SIDE
segmental odontomaxillary dysplasia can be confused with something else. what is it? how can you tell it apart?
fibrous dysphagia but you can tell it is this b/c you're missing premolars
Macroglossia has two types what are they? define the char of each of them
congenital/hereditary and aquired.

congenital-
1) May be due to result vascular malformation (such as hemangioma WHEN IT IS LARGE,
Lymphangioma CAN BE IN TONGUE)
2) Hemihypertrophy
3) Down syndrome
4) Neurofibromatosis

aquired
1) Edentulous patients
2) Myxedema (hypothyroid/growth)
3) Acromegaly
4) Angioedema
what are clinical features of macroglossia

who is it most common in?
Clinical features
a. Most commonly occurs in children
b. May cause difficulty in eating or speaking
c. May cause open bite
d. May see crenated lateral border of tongue
definition fusion between tongue and floor of mouth TONGUE TIED
ankyloglossia
who has "fissured tongue"
and what is it's etiology
increase incidence with age-so geriatrics

etiology-can be hereditary but it can also be from extrinsic factor
who mostly gets Benign Migratory Glossitis (Erythema Migrans) (Geographic Tongue)
females
what is Benign Migratory Glossitis (Erythema Migrans) (Geographic Tongue)
-Multiple irregular areas devoid (LOSS) of filiform papillae
-Fungiform papillae persist
-Often outlined by yellow-white line
-May persist for weeks or months and may recur
-Sometimes tongue may be sensitive to hot or spicy foods
-May affect other areas of the oral cavity (stomatitis areata migrans)
-In other areas of the oral cavity, similar-appearing lesions are referred to as stomatitis areata migrans.
what is etiology of (Geographic Tongue)
unknown
b. Possibly psychosomatic (emotional stress)
c. Possibly hypersensitivity to environmental factors (atopic individuals)
d. Possibly chronic irritation
BUT NO LONGER BIRTH CONTROL
what is histo of geographic tongue
a. Loss of filiform papillae
b. Mild chronic inflammation
c. Border may show hyperparakeratosis
d. Some features reminiscent of psoriasis
what is tx for benign migratory glossitis?
a. None. WILL GO AWAY BUT SOME WOMEN HAVE IT PERMANENTLY
b. In severe cases, use topical steroids
c. Patient should be reassured at the beginning
what has Filiform papillae are markedly elongated with stratified parakeratin
hairy tongue
Etiology of hairy tongue?
a. Antibiotic therapy
b. Poor oral hygiene
c. Oxidizing mouthwashes or antacids
d. Overgrowth of microorganisms (fungal and bacterial)
e. General debilitation
tx for hairy tongue and what is its differential dx?
a. Brush tongue with toothbrush or use tongue scraper
b. Use of podophyllum resin in rare cases

dd: hairy leukoplakia
what is Enlarged or tortuous vein on lingual surface of tongue and who gets it?
lingual varices. older pts
etiology of Lingual Thyroid Nodule
failure of normal development migration of thyroid gland
clinical features of lingual thyroid nodule
a. Remnants (DURING DEVELOPMENT) of thyroid tissue can be seen on dorsal posterior tongue in 10% of autopsy studies.
b. Age: early adulthood
c. Smooth, nodular and sometimes cystic mass located posterior to the
foramen caecum
d. Often described as a "meaty mass" SO YOU DON’T WANT TO BIOPSY IT B/C IT IS PART OF THYROID GLAND WITHOUT EST DX FIRST
e. May be up to 2 to 3 cm in diameter
f. May cause dysphagia or feeling of fullness in throat
g. Diagnosis established
DD of lingual thyroid nodule
a. Thyroglossal duct cyst
b. Thyroid scan using iodine isotope is useful in diagnosis
tx of lingual thyroid nodule
Incisional biopsy only (not excisional)
b. Careful physical exam should be performed to demonstrate the presence
of a normal thyroid
areas of oral tonsil is referred to as
waldeyer ring
what is made up of oral tonsils
a. Palatine tonsils
b. Pharyngeal tonsils
c. Lingual tonsils
d. May also include paliate papillae
what is clinical significance of lateral lingual tonsils?
a. May be site of malignant lymphoma
b. If lesion does not regress biopsy indicated
c. Hyperplasia of this area is termed foliate papillitis
what is retrocuspid papilla
A2 – 4 mm raised pink area of mucosal gingival tissue lingual to
Mandibular cuspids.
Circumvallate papillae is for what
FOR TASTE AND IT IS ONLY SEROUS MINOR SALIVORY GLANDS (VON EBNER GLAND)
Fungiform papillae is for
taste
filiform papillae is for
protection