Development Of Vascular System Baptista Block Ii Unit I

Front 1

What happens to the 1st right aortic arch?

Back 1

Most of it disappears but it forms part of the maxillary artery.

Front 2

What happens to the 1st left aortic arch?

Back 2

Most of it disappears but it forms part of the maxillary artery.

Front 3

What happens to the 2nd right aortic arch?

Back 3

Most of it disappears but the rest forms the hyoid and stapedial arteries.

Front 4

What happens to the 2nd left aortic arch?

Back 4

Most of it disappears but the rest forms the hyoid and stapedial arteries.

Front 5

What happens to the 3rd right aortic arch?

Back 5

Ventral part- common carotid artery
Dorsal part - internal carotid

Front 6

What happens to the 3rd left aortic arch?

Back 6

Ventral part- common carotid artery
Dorsal part - internal carotid

Front 7

What happens to the 4th right aortic arch?

Back 7

Proximal part of right subclavian artery.

Front 8

What happens to the 4th left aortic arch?

Back 8

Part of arch of aorta.

Front 9

What happens to the 5th right aortic arch?

Back 9

Rarely recognizable, even in early embryo.

Front 10

What happens to the 5th left aortic arch?

Back 10

Rarely recognizable, even in early embryo.

Front 11

What happens to the 6th right aortic arch?

Back 11

Part of right pulmonary artery.

Front 12

What happens to the 6th left aortic arch?

Back 12

Ductus arteriosus and part of left pulmonary artery.

Front 13

What are the 4 things that terminate in the sternal angle?

Back 13

Azygos, pericardium, arch of aorta, bifurcation of trachea.

Front 14

How many papillary muscles are in the right ventricle?

Back 14

3

Front 15

How many papillary muscles are in the left ventricle?

Back 15

2

Front 16

What structure is found only in the right atrium?

Back 16

Crysta terminales.

Front 17

Which valve has leaflets?

Back 17

AV valves.

Front 18

Which valves have cusps?

Back 18

Aortic/Pulmonary valves.

Front 19

Identify each area of ausculation.

Back 19

Answer

Front 20

What does the left horn of the heart degenerate into?

Back 20

Coronary sinus.

Front 21

What does the right horn of the heart degenerate into?

Back 21

Superior vena cava and all other vessels.

Front 22

What forms the heart and most of the vessels?

Back 22

Extraembryonic splanchnic mesoderm.

Front 23

What are hemangioblasts?

Back 23

Blood islands.

Front 24

What forms the blood?

Back 24

Hemocytoblasts.

Front 25

What forms vessels?

Back 25

Angioblasts.

Front 26

What is angiogenesis?

Back 26

Outgrowth or brenching of preformed vessels.

Front 27

What is vasculogenesis?

Back 27

Fusion of locally formed endothelial vesicles.

Front 28

How is the coronary artery formed?

Back 28

Angiogenesis

Front 29

How are the vessels of the heart formed?

Back 29

Vasculogenesis.

Front 30

What is the intraembryonic vascular network development associated with?

Back 30

Somite development (happens very quickly)

Front 31

What are the 3 things that can happen to Vascular channels?

Back 31

Large vessels, capillaries, disappear.

Front 32

Can an artery become a vein in development and visa versa?

Back 32

YES

Front 33

Describe the formation of embryonic blood vessels.

Back 33

Blood Island + Mesenchyme (vasculogenesis) -> Primary capillary plexus + Angiopoeiten (Angiogenesis)-> Lymphatic or completion of vascular wall + pericytes = blood vessel

Front 34

How does the vessel attract mesenchyme?

Back 34

PGEF

Front 35

What are the 2 most important factors in embryonic?

Back 35

Tif receptor, angiopoeitin-1

Front 36

What are the 3 basic systems of the circulatory system? what happens to each?

Back 36

Cardinal (most important, forms all major arteries), umbilical (disappears), omphalomesenteric (vitelline) (disappears)

Front 37

What does the embryo's vein system develop out of? What is the result of this?

Back 37

A very irregular network of capillaries. Venous system is not very uniform, and more variants of the venous system than on the arterial system.

Front 38

Which arch becomes the aortic arch?

Back 38

Left 4th aortic arch

Front 39

Where does the brachiocephalic (B in BCS) come from?

Back 39

The aortic sac.

Front 40

What forms the right subclavian?

Back 40

Proximal (right 4th aortic arch)
Middle (Portion of right dorsal aorta)
Distal (Right 7th intersegmental artery)

Front 41

What makes up the right common carotid?

Back 41

Entirely right 3rd aortic arch (also portions of internal and external carotic arteries)

Front 42

Where does the left common carotid arise from?

Back 42

Left 3rd aortic arch.

Front 43

What forms the left subclavian artery?

Back 43

Left 7th intersegmental artery.

Front 44

Describe what happens in right aortic arch? How does it occur? When will they be asymptomatic? When will they by symptomatic?

Back 44

The obliteration of the 4th left aortic arch artery or regression of the left dorsal aorta rather than the right one. Sometimes the ductus arteriosus will form the right arch to the right pulmonary artery and will be asymptomatic. However if the ductus arteriosus arises from the left pulmonary artery, it will have to cross the midline to reach the right aortic arch and this often occurs posterior to the trachea and esophagus, forming a vascular ring around these structures and compressing them.

Front 45

What does a double aortic arch result from?

Back 45

If the section of the right dorsal aorta inferior to the 7th intersegmental artery back to the point where it would meet with the left dorsal aorta (more inferior). This leads to persistence of both aorta and the formation of a ring which can compress the trachea and esophagus.

Front 46

What is the cause of an interrupted aortic arch?

Back 46

Obliteration of the 4th left aortic arch can possibly lead to an abrupt end to the aortic arch (there is no continuity between it and the descending aorta) instead the ductus arterious is patent and dialated leading to all of the blood being sent to the descending aorta have to come from the right ventricle.

Front 47

What is the cause of an anomalous subclavian artery?

Back 47

If the right 4th aortic arch artery regresses, the right subclavian will arise from the right 7th intersegmental artery, far left side of the aortic arch, passing posterior to the trachea and esophagus and can possibly compress these structures.

Front 48

Why do the recurrent laryngeal nerves have different courses on either side of the body? Why is the right that way? Why is the left that way?

Back 48

The differential development of the 6th aortic arch arteries explains why the recurrent laryngeal nerves have different courses on different sides of the body. The right 6th aortic arch degenerates and the recurrent laryngeal on this side moves superiorly to hook under the right subclavian. The left 6th aortic arch becomes the ductus arterios and and the left recurrent is hooked inferior to this.

Front 49

What are the cardinal veins (anterior,posterior, commmon)? What do they drain? What happens to them later on?

Back 49

Cardinal veins drain the embryo body and return the blood to the embryonic heart. The anterior cardinal veins drain the upper body and the posterior cardinal veins drain the lower body and both sets drain into common cardinal veins. Most regress or remodeled completely but they persist inthe veisn of the upper thorax and lower nexk, the upper limbs, lower limbs and sacral veins, and the most inferior portion of the IVC.

Front 50

What are the subcardinal veins? What do the form? How about the left and righ?

Back 50

These veins form in close proximity to the posterior cardinal veins and form an anastamosis with each other, the left one regresses and the right one becomes a significant portion of the IVC.

Front 51

Where do the supracardinal veins form? What do they form?

Back 51

Close proximity to subcarndinal and cardinal veins. They form a subsupracardinal anastamosis.

Front 52

What do the supracardinal veisn become?

Back 52

The azygos system, large portion of IVC, and their subsupracardinal anastamosis becomes the renal veins.

Front 53

What does the left brachiocephalic vein form from? What does its shunt form?

Back 53

An anastomotic shunt between the anterior cardinal veins, shunting blood from the left to the right anterior cardinal vein. The left anterior cardinal vein degenerates. The shunt leads to an enlargement of the right horn of the sinus venosus.

Front 54

What happens the the left anterior cardinal vein?

Back 54

It degenerates.

Front 55

What does the ductus arteriosus form from?

Back 55

Left 6th aortic arch artery, eventually attaching from the left pulmonary artery.

Front 56

Where/how does the ductus venosus form?

Back 56

The ductus venosus forms in the liver as the right umbilical vein degenerates and the left umbilical vein enlarges.

Front 57

What could you contract in the fetal liver that would slow flow of blood to the heart?

Back 57

sinus venosus.

Front 58

What is the cause of double SVC? What does this lead to?

Back 58

Persistence of the left anterior cardinal vein leads to a small left brachiocephalic and an extra SVC that opens into the right atrium through the coronary sinus.

Front 59

What is the cause of left SVC? What does this lead to?

Back 59

Persistence of the left anterior cardinal vein and regression of the right anterior cardinal vien. This leads to an odd left SVC that drains into the right atrium through the coronary sinus.

Front 60

What causes absence of hepatic segment of IVC?

Back 60

Normally forms most superior aspects of the IVC. IF it is absent, the IVC will not connect with the right atrium properly. This leads to the lower body being drained by the azygos and hemiazygos veins. THe hepatic veins also open seperately into the right atrium (normally connect to hepatic segment of IVC)

Front 61

What is the cause of double IVC?

Back 61

Failure of an anastamosis of the veins of the trunk to develop can lead to the persistence of the left supracardinal vein, forming a double IVC inferior to the renal veins.