Development Of The National Government

Front 1

When was the Articles of Confederation created?

Back 1

It was drafted during the Revolutionary War after we declared independence by the 2nd Continental Congress.

Front 2

What did the Articles of Confederation create?

Back 2

1) It created a confederation

2) It gave the states more power than the national government

3) It made the national government weak

4) The people wanted a weak national government so it wouldn't be like Britain all over again

Front 3

Legislative Branch by the Articles of Confederation

Back 3

1) Created a unicameral Congress

2) To create a law 9 out of 13 states had to approve

3) To amend the Articles all 13 states had to approve

4) Each state received one vote regardless of population

Front 4

What did the Articles of Confederation Lack in terms of the National Government?

Back 4

1) Lacked Executive and Judicial Branches

2) Were unable to carry out and evaluate laws

Front 5

Limited powers of the National Government under the Articles of Confederation

Back 5

1) They can declare war

2) They can negotiate treaties

3) They can print money but so could all the states which caused lots of economic problems

Front 6

Powers denied to the National Government under the Articles of Confederation

Back 6

1) They could not tax so they had to request funds from the states

2) They could not regulate trade which caused economic problems

Front 7

The States under the Articles of Confederation

Back 7

1) The States were sovereign

2) The States had the power

3) They did not have to follow the National Government

Front 8

The States' Powers under the Articles of Confederation

Back 8

1) They had the power to tax their people

2) They could negotiate treaties with other countries

3) They could print currency

4) They could regulate trade

Front 9

When was the Critical Period?

Back 9

1781-1789

Front 10

Accomplishments during the Critical Period

Back 10

1) Nationalism- patriotic feelings, principles, or efforts

2) Foundation for westward expansion

Front 11

Land Ordinance of 1785

Back 11

It divided the land in the western territoy into six-mile-square townships to be sold by the Central Government

Front 12

Northwest Ordinance of 1787

Back 12

1) This established the process to admit new states and create governments

2) The Northwest Territory prohibited slavery

Front 13

Economic problems during the Critical Period

Back 13

1) Government debt- can't pay off debt because they can't tax

2) Disruption of trade- merchant ships were destroyed in the war

3) Inflation- printed too much money so it lost its worth

Front 14

Border problems during the Critical Period

Back 14

1) The British at the Canadian Border

2) Indians to the west

Front 15

Events leading up to Shays' Rebellion

Back 15

1) Occurred in Massachusetts- they had lots of war debt and crop failures

2) The State charged citizens high taxes to pay off the war debt and western farmers were unable to pay these taxes

3) They farmers had their property foreclosed and they were put in jail

Front 16

What happened in Shays' Rebellion?

Back 16

1) Daniel Shays organized a group of rebels who forcibly shut down the courts and stormed the jails to free the prisoners

2) Because the National Government could not help, the Governor used the militia to stop the rebellion

3) Shays' Rebellion showed the need to make a strong national government

Front 17

The Annapolis Convention

Back 17

1) Called for by the Virginia State Legislature in 1786

2) They wanted to amend the Articles to give the national government the right to regulate trade

3) The delegates at Annapolis called for a meeting in Philadelphia in 1787

Front 18

When and where was the Constitutional Convention held?

Back 18

1) May-September 1787

2) Philadelphia

3) All colonies attended except for Rhode Island

4) Also known as the Philadelphia Convention

5) Originally they were just gonna revise the Articles but they decided to just start over

Front 19

George Washington's role at the Constitutional Convention

Back 19

1) Served as President of the Convention

2) Did not participate in the debates so he would be seen as a good leader

Front 20

James Madison's role at the Constitutional Convention

Back 20

1) He was the Father of the Constitution

2) He attended every meeting

3) He framed the Constitution

Front 21

Key Issues and their Resolutions of the Constitution

Back 21

1) Federal Law was made Supreme

2) Three co-equal branches that used checks and balances

Front 22

Checks and Balances

Back 22

1) Executive enforced laws and could veto laws

2) Judicial interpreted laws and could declare laws unconstitutional

3) Legislative made laws and could impeach

Front 23

The Virginia Plan for the National Legislature

Back 23

1) Proposed by James Madison

2) Proposed a bicameral legislature with representation based on population

3) Favored by larger states

Front 24

The New Jersey Plan for the National Legislature

Back 24

1) Wanted a unicameral congress with equal representation

2) Favored by smaller states

Front 25

The Great Compromise

Back 25

1) Also known as the Connecticut Compromise

2) Created a bicameral congress

3) The Senate is the upper house and the House of Representatives is the lower house

4) The Senate had two representatives from each state

5) The House of Representatives had reps based on population

Front 26

The Three-Fifths Compromise

Back 26

Slaves counted as 3/5 of a person

Front 27

How was the National Government limited?

Back 27

The National Government was unable to go beyond the Constitution

Front 28

When was the Constitution submitted to the States for ratification?

Back 28

September 17, 1787

Front 29

How did the states ratify the Constitution?

Back 29

1) Special State Conventions were elected

2) You didn't have to be a politician to serve

3) It wasn't the state government deciding

Front 30

How many states had to ratify the Constitution for it to go into effect?

Back 30

Nine

Front 31

Federalists vs. Anti-Federalists- the Role of the Central Government

Back 31

Federalists- they wanted a strong central government to promote economic development

Anti-Federalist- they wanted a weak central government and for the states to have the power

Front 32

Federalists vs. Anti-Federalists- General Beliefs

Back 32

Federalists- are for ratification

Anti-Federalists- are against ratification

Front 33

Federalists vs. Anti-Federalists- Examples of Virginia Supporters

Back 33

Federalists- George Washington and James Madison

Anti-Federalists- Patrick Henry and George Mason

Front 34

What did the promise of a Bill of Rights do?

Back 34

It convinced many Anti-Federalists to support the Constitution

Front 35

The Bill of Rights

Back 35

1) Written by James Madison

2) Used the influence of the Virginia Statute for Religious Freedom- written by Thomas Jefferson, separated church and state, and it influenced the first amendment

3) Used the influence of the Virginia Declaration of Rights- written by George Mason and it protected the people's rights

Front 36

Articles of the Constitution

Back 36

Article 1- Legislative Branch

Article 2- Executive Branch

Article 3- Judicial Branch