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25 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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differentiation
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production of different specialized cell types
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morphogenesis
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organization of cells into tissues and organs
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fertilization
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fusion of gametes
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cleavage
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rapid mitotic divisions
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gastrulation
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cell movements and the formation of three primary cell layers
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organogenesis
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cell rearrangement, differentiation, and organization into tissues and organs
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maturation/ gametogenesis
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differentiation of germ cells, reproductive capability
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Sea Urgin (Special features)
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external fertilization
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c. elegans
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developmental fates of every cell known
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drosophila
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polytene chromosomes, balancer chromosomes, transposons.
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zebrafish
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transparent skin, can observe development of internal organs
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mouse
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behavior well understood. gene knock outs and knock ins
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naegleria gruberi
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amoeba that in low food conditions develops flagella, in high temp cond becomes cystic
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paramecium aurelia
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sex without reproduction (micro and macronuclei)
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Volvox
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can exhibit sexual or asexual reproduction
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dictyostelium discoideum
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aggregate into multicellular complex in low food conditions
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DIF
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differentiation inducing factor that induces differentiation into prestalk cells in dictyostelium discoideum
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radial symmetry
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body is symmetric all the way around a central axis
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bilateral symmetry
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body is symmetric on either side of a longitudinal axis
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major types of cleavage
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spiral vs radial cleavage
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4 processes/mechs that lead to evolutionary divergence
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modularity, dissociation, duplication and divergence, co-option
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allometry
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different parts of organism grow at different rates (eg. human maxilla vs other skull bones)
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heterochrony
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change in timing of development of different structures.
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neoteny
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body retains characteristics of juvenile, even though it is sexually mature. Ex. of heterochrony
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co-option
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evolutionary change in the function of pre-existing structures or biochemical pathways
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