• Shuffle
    Toggle On
    Toggle Off
  • Alphabetize
    Toggle On
    Toggle Off
  • Front First
    Toggle On
    Toggle Off
  • Both Sides
    Toggle On
    Toggle Off
  • Read
    Toggle On
    Toggle Off
Reading...
Front

Card Range To Study

through

image

Play button

image

Play button

image

Progress

1/80

Click to flip

Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;

Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;

H to show hint;

A reads text to speech;

80 Cards in this Set

  • Front
  • Back
human development
the scientific study of the changes that occur in people as they age form conception until death.
longitudinal design
research design in which one prticipant or group of participants is studied orver a long period of time.
cross-sectional design
research design in which several different age groups of participants are studied at one particulat point in time.
cross-sequential design
research design in which participants ar first studied by means of a cross-sectional design but also followed and assessed for a period of no more than six years.
nature
the influence of our inherited characteristics on our personality, phsysical growth, intellectual growth, and social interactions.
nurture
th influence of the environment on personality, physical growth, intelectual growth, and social interactions.
genetics
the science of inherited traits.
DNA (deoxyriboucleic acid)
special molecule that contains the genetic material of the organism.
gene
section of DNA having the same arrangement of chemical elements.
chromosome
tightly wound strand of genetic material or DNA.
dominant
referring to a gene that actively controls the expressions of a trait.
recessive
referring to a gene that only influences the expression of a trait when paired wht an identical gene.
conception
the moment at which a female becomes pregnant.
ovum
the female sex cell, or egg
fertilization
the union of the ovum and sperm.
zygote
cell resulting from the uniting of the ovum and sperm.
monozygotic twins
identiclal twins fromed when one zygote splits into two separate masses of cells, each of which develops into a separate embryo.
dixygotic twins
often called fraternal twins, occurring when two eggs each get fertilized by two different sperm, resultin in two zygotes in the uterus at the same time.
cognitive development
the developmetn of thinkging, problem solving, and memory.
scheme (plural schemas)
a mental concept fomed through experiences with objects and events.
sensorimotor stage
piaget's first stage of congnitive develpometn in which the infant uses its senses and motor abilities to interact with objects in the environment.
object permanence
the knowledge that an object exitsts even when it is not in sight.
preoperational stage
piget's seocnd stage of congnitive development in which the preschool child learns to use language as a means of exploring the world.
egocentrism
the inability to see the world through anyone else's eyes.
centration
in Piaget's theory, the tendency of a young child to focus only on one feature of an object while ignoring other relevant features.
conservation
in Piaget's theory, the ability to understand that simply changing the appearance of an object does not change the objects's nature.
irreversivility
in Piaget's theory, the inability of the young child to mentally reverse and action
concrete operations stage
third stage of congnitive development in which teh school-age child becomes capable of logical thougth processes but is not yet capable of abstract thinking
formal operations
Piaget's last stage of cognitive developmetn in which the adolescetn vecomes capable of abstract thinking.
scaffolding
process in which a mre skilled learner gives help to a less skilled learner, reducing the amount of help as the less skilled learner becomes more capable.
zygote
cell resulting from the uniting of the ovum and sperm.
monozygotic twins
identiclal twins fromed when one zygote splits into two separate masses of cells, each of which develops into a separate embryo.
dixygotic twins
often called fraternal twins, occurring when two eggs each get fertilized by two different sperm, resultin in two zygotes in the uterus at the same time.
cognitive development
the developmetn of thinkging, problem solving, and memory.
scheme (plural schemas)
a mental concept fomed through experiences with objects and events.
sensorimotor stage
piaget's first stage of congnitive develpometn in which the infant uses its senses and motor abilities to interact with objects in the environment.
object permanence
the knowledge that an object exitsts even when it is not in sight.
preoperational stage
piget's seocnd stage of congnitive development in which the preschool child learns to use language as a means of exploring the world.
egocentrism
the inability to see the world through anyone else's eyes.
centration
in Piaget's theory, the tendency of a young child to focus only on one feature of an object while ignoring other relevant features.
conservation
in Piaget's theory, the ability to understand that simply changing the appearance of an object does not change the objects's nature.
irreversivility
in Piaget's theory, the inability of the young child to mentally reverse and action
concrete operations stage
third stage of congnitive development in which teh school-age child becomes capable of logical thougth processes but is not yet capable of abstract thinking
formal operations
Piaget's last stage of cognitive developmetn in which the adolescetn vecomes capable of abstract thinking.
scaffolding
process in which a mre skilled learner gives help to a less skilled learner, reducing the amount of help as the less skilled learner becomes more capable.
zygote
cell resulting from the uniting of the ovum and sperm.
monozygotic twins
identiclal twins fromed when one zygote splits into two separate masses of cells, each of which develops into a separate embryo.
dixygotic twins
often called fraternal twins, occurring when two eggs each get fertilized by two different sperm, resultin in two zygotes in the uterus at the same time.
cognitive development
the developmetn of thinkging, problem solving, and memory.
scheme (plural schemas)
a mental concept fomed through experiences with objects and events.
sensorimotor stage
piaget's first stage of congnitive develpometn in which the infant uses its senses and motor abilities to interact with objects in the environment.
object permanence
the knowledge that an object exitsts even when it is not in sight.
preoperational stage
piget's seocnd stage of congnitive development in which the preschool child learns to use language as a means of exploring the world.
egocentrism
the inability to see the world through anyone else's eyes.
centration
in Piaget's theory, the tendency of a young child to focus only on one feature of an object while ignoring other relevant features.
conservation
in Piaget's theory, the ability to understand that simply changing the appearance of an object does not change the objects's nature.
irreversivility
in Piaget's theory, the inability of the young child to mentally reverse and action
concrete operations stage
third stage of congnitive development in which teh school-age child becomes capable of logical thougth processes but is not yet capable of abstract thinking
formal operations
Piaget's last stage of cognitive developmetn in which the adolescetn vecomes capable of abstract thinking.
scaffolding
process in which a mre skilled learner gives help to a less skilled learner, reducing the amount of help as the less skilled learner becomes more capable.
zone of proximal development
(ZPD)
Vygotsky's concept of the difference between what a child cna do alone and what that child can do with the help of a teacher.
temperament
the behavioral characteristics that are fairly well established at birth, such as easy, difficlud, and slow to warm up.
attachment
the emotional bond between an infant and the primary caregiver.
trust versus mistrust
first stage of personality developmetn in which the infant's basic sense of trust or mistrust develops as a result of consistent or inconsistent care.
autonomy versus shame and doubt
second stage of personality development in which the toddler strives for physical independence.
initiative versus guilt
third stage of personality development in which teh preschool-aged child strives for emotional and psychological independence and attemps to satisfy curiostiy about the world.
industry versus inferiority
fourth stage of personality development in which the adolescetn strves for a sense of competence and self-esteem.
gender
the behavior associated with being male or female
gender identity
perception of one's gender and the behavior that is associated with that gender.
adolescence
the period of life form about age 13 to the early twenties, during which a young person is no longer physically a child but is not yet an independent, self-supporting adult.
puterty
the physical changes that occur in the body as seual development reaches its peak.
personal fable
type of thought common to adolescents in which young people believe themselves to be unique and protected from harm.
imaginary audience
type of thought common to adolescents in which young people believe that other people are just as concerned aobut the adolescnt's thoughts and characteristitcs as they themselves are.
identity versus role confusion
fith stage of personality development in which the adolescent must find a consistent sense of self.
andropause
gradual changes in the sexual hormones and reproductive system of males.
menopause
the cessation of ovulation and menstrual cycles and the end of a a woman's reproductive capability.
intimacy
an emotional and psychological closeness that is based on the ability to trust, share, and care, while still maintaining a sense of self.
generativeity
providing guidance to one's children or the next generation, or contributing to the well-being fo the next generation through career or volunteer work.
integrity
sense of wholeness that comes from having lived a full life and the ability to let go of regrets; the final completion of the ego.
activity theory
theory of adjustment to aging that assumes older people are happier if they remain active in some way, such as volunteering or developing a hobby.