Development

Front 1

A-not-b effect

Back 1

The tendency of infants to reach for a hidden object where it was previously hidden (place A) rather than where it was hidden most recently while the child watched (place B)

Front 2

Accommodation

Back 2

In Piaget's theory, the developing child's process of changing his schemes based on his interactions with the environment b

Front 3

Aggressive-rejected

Back 3

The social status of children who are not respected or liked by peers and become aggressive as a result

Front 4

Alzheimer's disease

Back 4

A degenerative brain disorder characterized by memory loss followed by increasing disorientation and culminating in physical and mental helplessness

Front 5

Assumilation

Back 5

In Piaget's theory, the developing child's process of interpreting the environment in terms of the schemas he already has. See accommodation

Front 6

Attachment

Back 6

The strong, enduring, emotional bond between a child and its caregivers that some psychologists consider the basis for relationships later in life

Front 7

Concrete operational period

Back 7

In Piaget's theory, the period from about age 7 to about 12, in which the child is beginning to understand abstract ideas such as number and substance, but only as they apply to real, concrete events

Front 8

Conventional reasoning

Back 8

According to Kohlberg, the third and fourth stages of moral reasoning, which are focused on social relationships, conventions, and duties

Front 9

Embryonic stagr

Back 9

The third through with week of prenatal development

Front 10

Fetal alcohol syndrome

Back 10

A developmental disorder that affects children whose mothers consumed alcohol during pregnancy. It's effects include a range of psychological problems and physical abnormalities

Front 11

Fetal stage

Back 11

The prenatal period from the ninth week until birth

Front 12

Formal operational perido

Back 12

In Piaget's theory, the period from about age twelve on, in which a child can think abstractly and consider hypothetical possibilities

Front 13

Generatively versus stagnation

Back 13

According to Erikson, a major developmental task of later adulthood is finding meaning in ones work, which produces a sense of Generatively. Failure leads to a sense of stagnation.

Front 14

Grasp reflex

Back 14

And infantile reflex in which an infant closes her hand into a fist when her palm is touched

Front 15

Habituation procedure

Back 15

A method for studying infant perception. After some exposure to a stimulus, an infant becomes habituated and stops paying attention to it. If the infant shows renewed interest when a new stimulus is presented, this reveals that the infant regards the new stimulus as different from the old one

Front 16

Identity versus role confusion

Back 16

According to Erikson, the major developmental task of adolescence is developing a stable ego identity, or sense of who one is. Failure results in developing a negative identity or in role confusion.

Front 17

Imprinting

Back 17

In many species, the learned attachment that is formed at a particular early period

Front 18

Integrity versus despair

Back 18

According to Erikson, the major developmental task of older age is finding meaning in the life one has led. Success gives rise to a sense of integrity, whereas failure leads to despair

Front 19

Internal working model

Back 19

A set of beliefs and expectations about how people behave in social relationships, and also guidelines for interpreting others' actions, and habitual responses to make in social settings

Front 20

Intimacy versus isolayiln

Back 20

According to Erikson, a major developmental task of early adulthood is developing an intimate relationship. Failure to do so may lead to isolation

Front 21

Neural tubr

Back 21

The tubular structure formed early in the embryonic stage from which the central nervous system (brain and spinal cord) develops.

Front 22

Object permanence

Back 22

The conviction that an object exists even when it is out of sight. Piaget believed infants didn't develop this level of understanding until the age of at least eight months.

Front 23

Postconventional reasoning

Back 23

According to Kohlberg, the fifth and sixth stages of moral reasoning, which are focused on ideals and broad moral principles.

Front 24

Preconventional reasoning

Back 24

According to Kohlberg, the first and second stages of moral reasoning, which are focused on getting rewards and avoiding punishments

Front 25

Prepositional period

Back 25

In Piaget's theory, the period from about ages 2 to 7, in which a child can think representionally, but can't yet restate these representations to each other or take a point of view other than her own

Front 26

Primary sexual characyeristics

Back 26

Bodily structures directly related to reproduction

Front 27

Puberyy

Back 27

The period of physical and sexual maturation in which the child's body begins to assume develop into its adult form.

Front 28

Secondary sexual characteristica

Back 28

Bodily structures that change with sexual maturity but are not directly related to reproduction

Front 29

Secure base

Back 29

According to John Bowlby, the relationship in which the child feels safe and protected

Front 30

Sensorimotor peripd

Back 30

In Piaget's theory, the period of cognitive development from birth to about 2 years, I. Which the child has not yet achieved object permanence

Front 31

Social referencing

Back 31

A process of using others' facial expressions as a cue about the situation

Front 32

Sociometric data

Back 32

Data that describe how individuals in a group interact

Front 33

Strange situatiln

Back 33

An experimental procedure for assessing attachment, I. Which the child is allowed o explore an unfamiliar room with the mother present before the mother leaves for a few minutes, and then returns

Front 34

Sucking reflex

Back 34

An infantile reflex in which an infant sucks on whatever is placed in his mouth

Front 35

Teratogens

Back 35

Environmental factors that can disrupt healthy neural development. These include lead, alcohol, and cigarette smoke

Front 36

Theory of mind

Back 36

The sry of interrelated concepts we use to make sense of our own thoughts, feelings, and behaviors, as well as those of others

Front 37

Withdrawn-rejected

Back 37

The social status of children who are not respected or liked by peers and become anxious as a result

Front 38

Zone of proximal development

Back 38

The range of accomplishments that are beyond what the child can do on her own, but that she can achieve with help or guidance

Front 39

Zygotr

Back 39

The fertilized egg, formed by the Union of sperm and egg