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229 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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When can infants roll over in both directions
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5 - 6 months
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Lack of anterior protective reflex by 5 months, lateral reflexes by 7 months or parachute by twelve months may indicate what?
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Neuromotor disorders
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What age is a child who can:
- raise chest and head off bed in prone position, - regard an object - follow 180 degrees - coo and vocalize - has a social smile - can recognize a parent |
2 months
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Failure to sit independently by 7 months could be indicative of what?
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Hip adductor spasticity or muscle hypotonia
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The ability to follow a point occurs at what age?
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10 months
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When does birth weight quadruple?
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2 years of age
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When can a child kick a ball?
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24 months
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What age??? if a child can:
- lift onto extended elbows - rolls over front to back - orients to voice - laughs and squeals - initiates social interactions - bats at objects - reaches for objects with both hands together |
4 months
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What is diagnosed by a child functioning at a level at least two standard deviations in two or more developmental categories.
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global developmental delay
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A vocabulary of 50 or more words and the ability to speak in two-and-three word sentences should be acquired by what age?
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24 months
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At what age can a child put a raisin in a cup?
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15 months
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At what age can a child scribble with a crayon?
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15 months
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What age ???
If a child is able to: - sit without support - crawl - pull to stand - use pincher grasp - finger feeds -imitates speech sounds - play gesture games - stranger anxiety |
9 months
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Inferior pincher grasp develops at what age?
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9 months
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Fine pincher grasp develops at what age?
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12 months
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At what age does a child transfer objects from hand to hand across midline?
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6 months
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At what age can a child:
- understand two-step commands - two word sentences - 50 word vocabulary - 50% intelligent speech |
2 years
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At what age does a child:
- use mama/dada appropriately - follow one step commands - has one true word - points to indicate need |
12 months
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What age can a child write his or her name?
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72 months
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Whar are the two ways to calculate BMI?
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wt(kg)/ht(m)2
OR wt(pounds)/ht(inches)2 x 703 |
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When can a child draw a circle?
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3
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When can a child draw a cross?
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4
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When can a child draw a square?
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4-5
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When can a child draw a triangle?
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5
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When can a child tandem walk backwards?
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5
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When do infants walk upstairs with one hand held?
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18 months
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When can a child dress without help?
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4
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When do infants bear weight on legs
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3-4 months
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What is defined as a child who is functioning at or below the level describe as typical in only one domain of development?
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Isolated Developmental Delay
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When is hand dominance a concern in a child?
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before 18 months
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When do infants walk well independently?
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15 months
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When do infants tripod sit?
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5-6 months
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What age???
If a child can: - cruise - stand alone - take a few steps - has one to four words other than mama and dada - can follow command with gesture - will imitate - comes when called - cooperates with dressing |
12 months
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Development of which domain as the best predictive value of future intellectual potential?
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Language Development
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What is concerning about no alert to sound at birth or thereafter, or no babbling by 9 months?
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Hearing Impairment
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What age????
If a child can: - walk unassisted up and down stairs - build 4-6 block tower - use 50-75 words - parrallel play - kicks a ball - throw a ball overhand - uses fork and spoon - copies a straight line |
24 months
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What is the concern if primitive reflexes persist beyond 9 months?
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Neurologic dysfunction
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What age????
If a child can: - begin to use cup - indicates wants or needs - 4-6 words + M&D - responds to one-step verbal commands - walks well independently - build 2 block tower - throw ball underhand |
15 months
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How much should head circumference growth average from months 6 through 12?
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0.5 cm/month
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What is the concern if a child rolls over at 1-2 months or has persistent fisting at age 3 months?
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increased tone
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What is concerning if a child exhibits repetitive noncommunicative speech?
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Autism
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What are poor head control at six months and inability to sit by 9 months concerning for?
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Hypertonia
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What age????
If a child can: - raise head in prone position - startle to sound - fixes on face - follows with eyes to midline - hands tightly fisted |
Birth to 1 month
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What are gross motor milestones that are cause for concern?
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Rolling before 3 months
Poor head control at 5 months Lack of sitting by 9 months Moro or primitive reflexes past 6 months Lack of parachute by 12 months Hand dominance by 18 months Not walking by 18 months. |
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At what age can a child:
- fine pincher grasp of raisin - releases cube voluntarily in cup - marks with crayon - drinks from a cup held by another |
-12 months
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When does birth weight triple?
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1 year of age
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When does birth weight double?
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5 months (4-6)
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At what age can a child walk upstairs by alternating feet?
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3 years
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At what age can a child:
- copies a square - draws an individual with six body parts - ties a knot in string - grabs a pencil maturely - prints letters |
60 months
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Rolling over before three months could indicate what condition?
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Hypertonicity
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How much should head circumference growth average during months 3-6 of life?
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1.0 cm/month
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What age???
If a child can: - pedal a tricycle - copy a circle - use 5-8 word sentences - knows age and gender - group play - shares |
36 months
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What age???
If child can: - balance on one foot - copies a cross - catches a ball - tells a story - dresses self - puts on shoes - imaginative play - washes and dries hands |
4 years
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What is the most common type of plagiocephaly?
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Involving only 1 suture - prevalence of 0.1%
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Plagiocephaly involving only one suture is most common in what population?
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Caucasian 85%
M:F 3:2 |
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What suture is most commonly involved in plagiocephal involving only one suture?
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sagital suture (50%)
followed by coronal and metopic |
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What is the name of the long, narrow skull which occurs with premature closure of the sagittal suture?
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Scaphocephaly
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What is the name of the head shape associated with premature closure of both coronal sutures?
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Brachycephaly
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What type of plagiocephaly is most often associated with Crouzon syndrome?
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Brachycephaly
(bilaterally close coronal sutures) |
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Closure of what suture is very rare and causes posterior plagiocephaly?
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Lamboidal suture
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What causes posterior plagiocephaly almost all the time?
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Supine sleeping - NOT craniosynostosis
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If more than one suture is involved in craniosynostosis, what assumption can be made?
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An association with a genetic disorder and the occurrence of resulting neurologic abnormalities
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What is the age cutoff for developmental age corrections?
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18-24 months
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What is the first step in evaluation speech delay?
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Hearing evaluation
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At what age is a moro reflex ABSENT?
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3-4 months
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At what age is palmar grasp ABSENT?
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2-3 months
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At what age is a parachute reflex ABSENT?
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6-9 months
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At what age can an infant lying down lift head momentarily?
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1 month
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At what age can an infant lying down lift head to 45 degrees?
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2 months
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At what age can an infant lying down lift head up by 90 degrees?
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3-4 months
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When pulling to sit, at what age is there lifting head off table in anticipation of being lifted?
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6 months
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When pulling to sit, at what age is there complete head lag?
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newborn
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When pulling to sit, at what age is there no head lag?
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5 months
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At what age can an infant roll front to back?
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4-5 months
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At what age can an infant roll back to front?
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5-6 months
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At what age can an infant sit with no support?
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7 months
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At what age should a child be able to copy a circle?
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3 years
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When can a child be able to draw a cross?
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3-4 years
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What age should a child be able to copy a square?
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4-5 years
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When does an infant develop voluntary grasp?
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5 months
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When should an infant be able to transfer objects between hands?
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6 months
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When should an infant be able to use thumb to grasp a cube?
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6-8 months
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When can a child play "pat-a-cake"?
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9-10 months
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At what age can a child make a tower of four cubes?
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18 months
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At what age can a child make a tower of two cubes?
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13-15 months
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At what age can a child use a cup and spoon well?
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15-18 months
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At what age can a child/infant pull to stand?
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9 months
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At what age can a chld/infant walk holding onto furniture?
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11 months
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At what age can a child walk without help?
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13 months
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At what age can a child walk well?
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15 months
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When can a child run well?
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2 years
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At what age can a child walk up and down stairs with two feet on each step?
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2 years
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At what age can a child walk up and down stairs one foot per step alternating each way?
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4 years
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At what age can a child jump off the ground with two feet up?
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2-5 years
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At what age can a child hop on one foot?
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4 years
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At what age can a child skip?
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5-6 years
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At what age can a child balance on one foot for 2-3 seconds?
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3 years
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At what age can a child balance on one foot for 6-10 seconds?
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4 years
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At what age do children develop a social smile?
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1-2 months
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At what age is a child able to smile at a mirror?
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5 months
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At what age can a child wave bye-bye?
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10 months
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At what age can a child dress themself except for buttons in the back?
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3 years
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At what age can a child tie shoe laces?
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5 years
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At what age do children parallel play?
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1-2 years
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At what age do children cooperative play?
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3-4 years
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At what age can a child tell fantasy from reality?
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5 years
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At what age can a child coo?
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2-4 months
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At what age does a child say their first words?
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9-12 months
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At what age can a child understand 1-step commands?
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15 months
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At what age does a child have a 10-50 word vocabulary?
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13-18 months
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At what age does a child say 2 word sentences
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18-24 months
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At what age can a child say 3 word sentences?
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2-3 years
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At what age can a child say 4 word sentences?
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3-4 years
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What should NOT be done in the evaluation of asymptomatic children with mild idiopathic mental retardation?
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Metabolic Screening
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When should metabolic screening be considered with mental retardation?
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vomiting, lethargy, poor feeding, poor growth, seizures, unusual odors, loss of developmental skills, sensory abnormalit, acquired skin disorders
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When do kids triple their birth weight?
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12 months of age
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Term infants regain birth weight within 2 weeks and double their birth weight by what age?
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4-6 months
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When does birth height double?
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3-4 years of age
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What growth delay ALWAYS warrants investigation?
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Changes in percentiles of head circumference
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When a child drops off growth curves to 3rd percentile proportionately in first two years then as an older child or adolescent grows rapidly to achieve ht/wt to nl adult ht, what is it called?
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Constitutional Growth Delay
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What is it called when a child's birth weight and ht are initially normal, but drop off proportionaltely during the first 2 years of life?
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Constitutional Growth Delay
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At what age do you switch from recumbent length to standing height?
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2 years
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What seasons have maximal growth occurrence?
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Spring and Summer
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What is the formula for predicting midparental height in boys?
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mom's ht + 13 cm + dad's ht divided by 2
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What is the formula for predicting midparental height in girls?
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father's ht - 13 cm + mom's ht divided by two
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When is lymphoid tissue volume go through the largest growth period?
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before puberty
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At what age does head size essentially stop growing?
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ten
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When is the period of most rapid brain growth?
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the first 6 years
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After two, average height increases by how much per year?
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2 inches per year
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When does birth length triple?
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13 years
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When does birth length double?
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4 years
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When does birth length increase by 50%?
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1 year
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After age two how much weight gain is normal per year? (until adolescence)
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5 lbs per year
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When do infants quadruple their birth weight?
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24 months
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When is the largest rate of head growth?
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between 0-2 months
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What rate of head growth is typical between 1 and 2 months?
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0.5 cm/week
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What are the definitions of failure to thrive when only one point is given on the hgrowth curve?
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Wt < 3 rd %
Wt/Ht < 5 th % Wt 20% or more below ideal for Ht |
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What is the definition of FTT with multiple points on the growth curve?
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Wt gain <20 gms/day 0-3 mos
Wt gain <15gms/day 3-6 mos Downward crossing of > 2 major percentiles |
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What are the indicators to hospitalize a patient with FTT?
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- evidence of physical abuse/neglect
- high risk for abuse/neglect - severe malnutrition - medically unstable - outpt failure - need for close observation |
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What causes most cases of failure to thrive?
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Inadequate consumption of appropriate types of food
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What are some common causes of excessive caloric losses?
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GI malabsorption
Renal disorders (RTA) etc |
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What are common causes of increased caloric requirements?
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- cardiopulmonary disorders
- malignancies - hyperthyroidism - chronic or recurrent infections |
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What is the diagnostic test of choice for macrocephaly?
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head ultrasound
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What is the diagnostic test of choice for microcephaly?
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CT or MRI
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What is defined by the presence of a genetic or chromosomal condition in which mass and/or structural brain growth is abnormal?
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Primary microcephaly
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What causes secondary microcephaly?
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Pre & Postnatal infections
Toxins CNS injury |
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What is the most common cause of plagiocephaly?
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Deformational flattening
(not changing in position) |
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When are most cranial sutures ossified?
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8 years of age
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What are the average measurments of infants at birth?
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HC 35 cm
Wt 3-3.5kg (6-9 to 7-11) Ht 50.8 cm |
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Doubling the height at what age is a reasonable estimate of adult height?
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Age 2 year height
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How much should head circumference growth average during the first three months of life?
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2.0 cm/month
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When do infants get to sitting position?
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8 months
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What age???
If a child can: - build a 3 block tower - use a spoon - spontaneous scribbling - runs - walks upstairs holding had - stoops and recovers - use 10-25 words - plays near other children? |
18 months
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Large or small heads can be concerning for what abnormalities?
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1- hydrocephalus
2- metabolic disturbances 3- syndromes 4- anatomic problems 5- congenital infections |
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What age???
If a child can: - skip with alternating feet - draw a person with six parts - ask what words mean - name four colors - plays cooperative games - understand rules |
5 years
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What age???
If a child can: - ride a bike - write name - identify written letters - knows R from L - knows all color names |
6 years
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What are echolalia, perseveration, loss of skills previously achieved and skipping skills examples of?
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Atypical Behavior
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When should a healthy child's stature reach double that child's birth length?
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Between the ages of 3 and 4
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What age???
If a child can: - sit with support - roll both ways - babbles - recognizes person as familiar - reach for object - transfer objects hand to hand |
6 months
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The ability to build a tower of three cubes occur at what age?
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16 months
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How old is a child who can babble and have different cries noted?
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6 months
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How old is a child who can point, shake head and say mama or dada?
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12 months
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How old is a child who can:
- use gestures well - say 15-20 words - use 2-3 word phrases - speak in a way that household can understand? |
18 months
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What percent of deafness is inherited? What types of inheritance?
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~ 50% is inherited
80% AR 18% AD 2% X-linked recessive |
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How old is a child who can
- speak with fluency - has less stuttering - has an expanding vocabulary - 25% is understandable to strangers |
24 months
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When is cranial suture fusion complete?
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early adulthood
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How old is a child who can:
- use compllete sentences - talk in short paragraphs - most words are intelliglible to strangers - uses plurals, pronouns and prepositions? |
3 years
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How old is a child who can:
- use past tense - use 4-5 word sentences - talk in short paragraphs - is able to tell a story or explain a recent event? |
4 years
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What are the most common causes of blindness in children?
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1- cortical visual impairment
2- retinopathy of prematurity 3- optic nerve hypoplasia ACQUIRED trauma from another child and 2nd is sports related trauma |
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When is it a concern that a child is not babbling or using different sounds?
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12-15 months
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When is it a concern that a child uses only a few words and hardly any phrases?
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18-24 months
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When is it a concern that a child:
- cannot follow simple directions - points instead of speaking - is not using 2-syllable words or combining words |
2 years
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When is it a concern that a child:
- cannot be understood most of the time - frequently omits first or last consonant of a word - cannot understand 2-step directions - cannot repeat/pronounce B, H, M, N, P, and W |
2 1/2 years
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When is it a concern that a child cannot repeat a 4 or 5 word sentence?
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3 years
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When is it a concern if a child:
-cannot name specific objects easily - omits words in sentences - cannot pronounce D,F,G,K,T |
3 1/2 years
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When is it a concern that a child cannot tell a simple story?
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4 years
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When is it a concern that a child cannot pronounce I, J, V, CH, SH?
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5 years
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When is it a concern that a child cannot pronounce R, S, Z, ST, TH?
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6 years
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At what age does an infant have "mature" cube grasp?
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10-12 months
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When can infants rollover in one direction?
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4 months
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When do infants have steady head control while sitting?
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3-4 months
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At what age can a child
- have inferior pincher grasp - feed self with fingers - plays gesture games - bangs two objects together - holds two objects at one time |
9 months
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At what age can a child
- feed self with spoon and fork - tower of eight cubes - imitates vertical stroke with crayon - copies a circle and imitates a cross - imitate bridge of 3 cubes - put on a t-shirt and shorts - copies a cross |
3 years
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At what age can a child:
- tower four cubes - imitates single strokes - spontaneous scribbling - turns 2-3 pages of a book at one time - feed self with spoon |
18 months
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At what age can a child
- transfer objects from hand to hand - reaches for objects -has radial palmar grasp of a cube rakes at a pellet with whole hand or contact? |
6 months
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The skills of kicking a ball and jumping in place occur at what age?
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24 months
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A 4 yr old should be able to do which of the following?
- ride a bike - hop on one foot - skip by alternating feet - tandem walk backward |
hop on one foot
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What vision milestone occurs by 2 months of age?
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track across midline and smile in response to a smile
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What vision milestones occur by 4 months of age?
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Object tracking to 180 degrees red reflex and conjugate gaze
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What visual acuity should be referred in preschoolers?
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< 20/40 in either eye
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What is 50th% for head circumference of a full-term infant at birth?
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35 cm for girls
36 cm for boys |
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All US states currently agree on screening for what conditions?
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Congenital hypothyroidism and phenylketonuria
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When are most cranial sutures closed?
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12-24 months
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What are the clinical clues to possible language delay problems?
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-no babbling by 9-12mos
- no words by 18 months - no phrases by 2 - speech unintelligible at 3 - inability to use language for communication by 3 - difficulty with comprehension after 3 |
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At what age can an infant raise it's head slightly in a prone posistion?
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birth to 1 month
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At what age can an infant raise it's chest and head off bed in prone position?
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2 months
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At what age can an infant lift onto extended elbows in prone position;steady head control with no head lag;rolls over front to back?
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4 months
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At what age can an infant sit but may need support; rolls in both directions?
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6 months
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At what age can an infant ~
sit without support crawl pull to stand? |
9 months
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At what age can a child cruise;stands alone;takes a few independent steps?
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12 months
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At what age can a child walk well independently?
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15 months
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At what age can a child run;
walk up stairs with hand held; and can stoop and recover? |
18 months
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At what age can a child
walk unassisted up and down stairs kick and throw a ball jump with two feet off the floor? |
24 months
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At what age can a child pedal tricycle;braod jumps?
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36 months
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At what age can a child balance on one foot?
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4 years
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At what age can a child skip with alternating feet?
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5 years
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At what age can a child ride a bicycle?
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6 years
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At what age can an infant follows with eyes to middle only;hands tightly fisted?
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birth to 1 month
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At what age can an infant alert/startle to sound?
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birth to 1 month
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At what age can an infant fix on face?
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at birth
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At what age can an infant regaurds object and follows through180degreese arc;briefly retains rattle?
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2months
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At what age can an infant coo and vocolize reciprocally?
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2months
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At what age can an infant social smile and recgonize parents?
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2 months
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At what age can an infant ~
reach for objects with both hands together bat at objects grabs and retain objects? |
4 months
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At what age can an infant reach with one hand;transfers objects hand-to-hand?
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6 months
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At what age can an infant orient to voice;laughs and squeals?
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4months
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At what age can an infant initate social interaction?
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4 months
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At what age can an infant babble?
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6months
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At what age can an infant recognize an object or person as unfamilliar?
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6 months
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At what age can an infant use pincer grasp'finger feeds?
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9months
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At what age can an infant imitate speech sounds( nonspecific"mama" "dada"); understands no?
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9 months
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At what age can an infant play gesture games("pat-a-cake");understands own name; object permanence; stranger anxiety?
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9 months
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At what age can a child voluntarily release items?
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12 months
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At what age can a child discriminative use of "mama""dada" plus one to fourother words;follows command with gesture/
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12 months
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At what age can a child
imitate come when called cooperate with dressing |
12 months
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At what age can a child walk on level ground with one hand held but not steps, can pick up a pellet with a pincer grasp but not place it in a bottle and would say only a few words (besides mama, dada)
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12-month-old
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How old is a child who can walk alone but crawl up stairs, make a tower of 3 cubes and be able to insert a pellet into a bottle, follow simple commands, just start speaking his first real words and indicate some desires by pointing?
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15-month-old
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How old is a child who can run well, walk up and down stairs one at a time, make a tower of 7 cubes, put three words together, and should handle a spoon well?
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24-month-old
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How old is a child who can run with a stiff gait, walk up stairs with hand held, make a tower of 4 cubes, imitate scribbling, can dump a pellet from a bottle, speak about 10 words, identify one or more body parts, and can feed herself?
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18-month-old
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