Developing World Test 2

Front 1

Lipton’s Urban Bias Theory

Back 1

Stated that the urban elites use their power to exploit the rural poor and that is the main reason why the Developing world has remained undeveloped. He also said that the urban class occupies a dominant position and commandeers all resources, capital investment, etc. to the detriment of the rural poor which is the cause of unequal development between the city and the rural sectors.

Front 2

Lipton's Urban Bias Theory Weaknesses

Back 2

It cannot specify how the urban class is unified in opposition to a “unified” rural class and there is no clear-cut homogeneity of these classes without differing class interests

Front 3

Dependency Theory

Back 3

Argues that the developing world is not developing because the west exploits it. It argues that the western control over the developing world’s resources, policies, decisions, etc. have kept it underdeveloped. A major problem also keeping the developing world undeveloped is the issue of noninvestment capitalism because much of the profit made in the developing world was not invested back into it. Another part of this theory is the issue of neocolonialism, which was the foundation of indirect control by multi-national corporations who maintained the exploitation by not reinvesting their profits into the developing world.

Front 4

Dependency Theory Weaknesses

Back 4

The concept of dependency is not precisely defined and vague.
There are societies that are highly dependent on the west and have achieved development such as South Korea and Taiwan.
This theory blames everything on the developed world and does not take into account internal social factors of the developing world.

Front 5

Position of Women in the Developing World

Back 5

Gender inequality is highly pronounced in the developing world because so many odds are stacked against women in these countries. This inequality was influenced and shaped by the west from colonialism and neocolonialism which introduced their values and gave women a low social status. Relating to inequality, issues of victimization such as female circumcision that is still prevalent in countries in Africa, and restricted opportunities in governments, education and professions. Feminization of agriculture is also prevalent in developing world because although men work during the day to provide for their families, the women do about 120% of the work by farming, housework and child care. Since women are treated like second class citizens, if a family is poor they would most likely sacrifice the females by taking them out of school to have them work other than the males.

Front 6

Globalization in the Developing World

Back 6

Globalization is the process of integration that links countries to a global village through information and trade technology. It has many effects such as the export of jobs to the developing world where labor is cheap which also created sweat shops. It also affects societies because it increases their dependency and wealth in the west causing the rich to get richer and the poor to get poorer because the wealthier countries have better technology and power to compete with others.

Front 7

Benefits of Globalization in the Developing World

Back 7

Improving the status of women by introducing greater awareness of abuses and other violent acts against women
Increasing link between women in developed and women in developing world
Increased political and economic development in developing societies

Front 8

Negative Effects of Globalization in the Developing World

Back 8

Not everyone benefits from globalization because the elites, or the rich, have widened the gap between the rich and the poor because the developed societies have the technology and power to use to compete with the developing countries that lack it.
It has made terrorism very easy through the open communication and accelerated arms movement from one nation to another
Increase in drug trafficking and human trafficking
Increased cross-national migration
Institutionalization of international nannies, maids, and domestic servants

Front 9

Over-Urbanization

Back 9

From the lack of resources in rural areas which causes the population to move into the cities and those people are multiplying rapidly. This is giving rise to many problems such as lack of support and services to provide for the people living and growing in the cities such as healthy water, sanitation, electricity, etc.

Front 10

Recommendation for improvement of over-urbanization

Back 10

Improve rural areas such as building better schools, creating jobs and creating better healthcare in rural areas so not everyone would have to move to the city in order to work and provide for their families. Also more cities should be created because there are few cities in developing countries which would help to balance out the population and resources better in order to support the population sufficiently.