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120 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Compared to growth in the first 2 years of life, growth during middle childhood is:
a. slower and steadier c. faster but less obvious b. faster and more abrupt d. about the same pace |
a. slower and steadier
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Most children from 6 to 12 years old experience relatively few _______.
a. accidents c. vision problems b. illnesses d. friendships |
b. illnesses
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3. Physical fitness involves regular exercise involving four aspects of conditioning. Which of the following is not one of those four aspects?
a. flexibility c. muscle endurance b. cardiovascular efficiency d. weight loss |
d. weight loss
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What does “BMI” stand for?
a. body-mind indicator c. body mass index b. bone muscle index d. brain myelination index |
c. body mass index
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What is the name of the intellectual process that enables people to monitor their thinking and memory?
a. mneumonics c. recognition b. metacognition d. neurosupervision |
b. metacognition
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The recognition that oral and written language learning are interconnected has led to what approach in literacy?
a. phonics c. whole language b. word-sound association d. emergent literacy |
c. whole language
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What two types of age are used to calculate intelligence according to the Stanford-Binet Intelligence Scale?
a. mental and chronological c. social and psychological b. social and chronological d. biological and psychological |
a. mental and chronological
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Which of the following is not one of Gardner’s seven intelligences?
a. linguistic c. neurological b. musical d. interpersonal |
c. neurological
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If a child were to take the same test more than once and receive the same score, that test could be said to be highly _______.
a. reliable c. valid b. static d. economical |
a. reliable
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What type of motor skills eventually leads to the ability to form letters or other symbols if practiced?
a. fluid motor skills c. fine motor skills b. concrete motor skills d. gross motor skills |
c. fine motor skills
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Which of Piaget’s stages of cognitive development allows children to perform mental operations on objects that are concrete and can be directly experienced?
a. sensorimotor c. concrete operational b. preoperational d. formal operational |
c. concrete operational
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A child watches as water from a short, wide container is poured into a tall, thin container. Based on the higher level of the water level in the new container, the child concludes that there is now more water. In which stage of cognitive development is the child?
a. sensorimotor c. concrete operational b. preoperational d. formal operational |
b. preoperational
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Susie is 4 years old and has an IQ of 100. According to the Stanford-Binet intelligence scale, what is her mental age?
a. 3 years c. 5 years b. 4 years d. 6 years |
b. 4 years
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According to the triarchic theory of intelligence, “common sense” might be called _____ intelligence?
a. experiential c. contextual b. componential d. logical |
c. contextual
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An internalized need to persist toward success and excellence is called which of the following?
a. self-efficacy c. stubbornness b. goal orientation d. achievement motivation |
d. achievement motivation
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Local schools include children with special needs in regular classrooms and activities as much as possible. This is called providing them with
a. upward comparisons c. the least restrictive environment b. group-learning opportunities d. environmental challenge |
c. the least restrictive environment
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Which of the following is not one of the three main categories of learning disorders?
a. reading disorder c. disorder of written expression b. disorder of verbal expression d. mathematics disorder |
b. disorder of verbal
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What area of the brain becomes more mature, improving communication between the brain’s left and right hemispheres, during middle childhood?
a. corpus callosum c. temporal lobes b. prefrontal cortex d. medulla oblongata |
a. corpus callosum
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Timmy’s intelligence is above-average, but he has trouble comprehending and remembering written material. He often confuses similar letter, reading star as rats. Timmy likely suffers from _____.
a. autism c. ADHD b. schizophrenia d. dyslexia |
d. dyslexia
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What act mandates that students with special needs no longer be sent to special schools; rather, they should be included in mainstream classes and activities to the greatest extent possible?
a. Handicapped Students Act c. Maximum Student Independence Act b. No Child Left Behind Act d. Individuals with Disabilities Education Act |
d. Individuals with Disabilities Education Act
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The period of development called middle childhood lasts, roughly, from the age of six until when?
a. 13 b. 12 c. 11 d. 10 |
b. 12
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Which of the following does self-esteem add to your ideas about self?
a. who you are b. whether you see yourself positively or negatively c. what you can do d. whether you are proud of your choices |
b. whether you see yourself positively or negatively
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By which of the following are the customs that govern social interactions referred?
a. social inference b. social cognition c. social responsibility d. social regulations |
d. social regulations
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Which of the following is not the name of one of Kohlberg’s three levels of moral development?
a. preconventional b. conventional c. metaconventional d. postconventional |
c. metaconventional
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At approximately which age does the peer group take on greater significance for its members?
a. 7 b. 8 c. 9 d. 10 |
d. 10
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Which of the following implies an in-group and an out-group?
a. discrimination b. bigotry c. bias d. prejudice |
d. prejudice
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7. Which of the following is not a factor shown to be related to popularity?
a. emotional control b. athletic ability c. academic performance d. physical attractiveness |
d. physical attractiveness
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A child’s ability to control and direct their own behavior and to meet the requirement placed on them is referred to as which of the following?
a. self-monitor b. self-scaffolding c. self-control d. self-regulation |
d. self-regulation
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In 2002, which of the following percentages of mothers of school-aged children worked outside the home?
a. 52% b. 68% c. 76% d. 84% |
c. 76%
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Which of the following is the best way in which parents can make divorce easier for their child after a divorce?
a. find a stepparent for the child b. distract them with toys c. sticking to familiar routines d. imply the other parent will come back |
c. sticking to familiar routines
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Which of the following conditions helps lead a child to a clear sense of right and wrong?
a. excessive praise b. too little praise c. praise for trivial accomplishments d. praise for true accomplishments |
d. praise for true accomplishments
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Ted realizes that he is very bad at baseball. Too help his self-esteem, what should his parents do?
a. introduce him to other activities b. force him keep trying harder c. punish him if he keeps playing badly d. give him subtle hints to try harder |
a. introduce him to other activities
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Which of the following is not a component of social cognition?
a. social identity b. social inference c. social regulations d. social responsibility |
a. social identity
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Which of the following developmental theories has provided the central context for the current understanding of moral development?
a. cognitive-developmental b. psychodynamic c. social-learning d. emotio-cognitive |
a. cognitive-developmental
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Robert chooses to go along William’s suggestion that they skip school, because he wants William to be his friend. In which of Kohlberg’s stages of moral development is Robert?
a. 3 b. 4 c. 5 d. 6 |
a. 3
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Which of the following is not mentioned in the text as a critique of Kohlberg’s study?
a. Its stance of moral relativism. b. Its model is too inflexible. c. It studied attitudes, not behaviors. d. It is difficult to score a child’s response. |
a. Its stance of moral relativism.
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Chantal is 8 years old and her friendships are based on her awareness of others’ feelings. In which of Selman’s stages of friendship development is she?
a. 1 c. 3 b. 2 d. 4 |
b. 2
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Gia and her friends actively avoid being with or near Sarah because she is in the drama club. This is an example of which of the following?
a. prejudice only b. discrimination only c. both prejudice and discrimination d. none of the above |
c. both prejudice and discrimination
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Brian’s mother asks him to keep her informed about where he goes and what he does. She is ____.
a. regulating c. snooping b. monitoring d. watching |
b. monitoring
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What percentage of single-parent households are headed by men?
a. 5% b. 10% c. 15% d. 20 |
c. 15%
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A symbolic event or ritual to mark a life transition, such as from childhood to adulthood, is known as:
a. hazing b. transitional attainment c. social transcendence d. rite of passage |
d. rite of passage
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In terms of speed of biological change, which period of life does adolescence most closely match?
a. late adulthood b. middle childhood c. infancy d. early adulthood |
c. infancy
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What controls most physical changes in adolescence?
a. hormones b. environmental factors c. glucocorticoids d. neurotransmitters |
a. hormones
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Which of the following is an example of an androgen?
a. estrogen b. testosterone c. progesterone d. estrodiol |
b. testosterone
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Which gland is known as the “master gland,” producing growth hormone and regulating other glands?
a. hypothalamus b. hippocampus c. pituitary d. gonad |
c. pituitary
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Production of mature eggs in women and of sperm in men are ______.
a. primary sex characteristics b. secondary sex characteristics c. gonadotropic mechanisms d. secondary mechanisms |
a. primary sex characteristics
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What term is used to describe a group between cultures or on the fringe of a dominant culture that typically exhibits an intensified need to conform?
a. outband b. delinquent c. subsidiary d. marginal |
d. marginal
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On average, when do girls mature?
a. 2 years earlier than boys b. 6 months earlier than boys c. about the same time as boys d. 2 years later than boys |
a. 2 years earlier than boys
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Approximately what percent of sexually active teenagers have a sexually transmitted disease?
a. 5% b. 10% c. 15% d. 20% |
d. 20%
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. What term describes an adolescent’s assumption that others are focusing a great deal of critical attention on them?
a. negotiation b. personal fable c. imaginary audience d. moral reasoning |
c. imaginary audience
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What term describes an educational system in which adolescents interact mostly with other adolescents and much less with younger children or adults?
a. age segregated b. age immersed c. time segregated d. time immersed |
a. age segregated
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. The development of the reproductive organs in men and women are known as _______.
a. primary sex characteristics b. secondary sex characteristics c. gonadogenesis d. menarche |
a. primary sex characteristics
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What is another term for an oil-producing gland?
a. trophic gland b. endocrine gland c. fatty gland d. sebaceous gland |
d. sebaceous gland
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Which of the following is present in males?
a. estrogen b. testosterone c. androgens d. all of the above |
d. all of the above
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What is considered to be the most dramatic and symbolic sign of a girl’s changing status?
a. body growth b. menarche c. increased output of sweat glands d. growth of underarm hair |
b. menarche
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Which of the following factors do not affect the onset of menstruation?
a. nutrition and general health b. genetics c. socioeconomic background d. personality type |
d. personality type
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Which of the following is not likely to be experienced by an early-maturing girl?
a. pressure to have sex b. maturing at the same time as boys c. teasing by peers d. deviant behavior |
b. maturing at the same time as boys
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In what decade did the revolution in changing sexual norms begin to decline?
a. 1960s b. 1970s c. 1980s d. 1990s |
c. 1980s
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Which of the following represents the least desireable situation for an adolescent girl?
a. single, not pregnant b. married, not pregnant c. single and pregnant d. married and pregnant |
c. single and pregnant
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What type of thought process involves thinking about one’s thoughts, looking for links between relationships, and maneuvering between reality and possibility?
a. first-order b. second-order c. pre-operational d. concrete operational |
b. second-order
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What percentage of adolescents are estimated to experience psychological disturbances?
a. 1-2% c. 40-50% b. 10-20% d. 65-70% |
b. 10-20%
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What term describes reciprocal dependence, where both parties depend on each other?
a. interdependence c. identity fusion b. intradependence d. identity formation |
a. interdependence
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In what type of society does the good of the individual subordinate to the good of the group?
a. individualistic c. idealistic b. collectivistic d. imperialistic |
b. collectivistic
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What parenting style is characterized by providing little structure or control?
a. authoritarian c. authoritative b. permissive d. traditional |
b. permissive
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Evaluating yourself and your situation relative to others is known as _____.
a. peer review c. social comparison b. proximal assessment d. group contrast |
c. social comparison
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Which of the following is not an example of a clique?
a. jocks c. druggies b. brains d. loners |
d. loners
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All of the following are functions of dating except:
a. education c. recreation b. status d. mate selection |
a. education
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What is the most common of high-risk behaviors among adolescents?
a. driving at high speeds c. engaging in petty shoplifting b. use of alcohol and other drugs d. involvement in gang activity |
b. use of alcohol and other drugs
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Approximately what proportion of high school seniors have tried smoking?
a. 50% c. 25% b. 15% d. 80% |
a. 50%
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Which of the following are adolescents most likely to abuse?
a. heroin c. marijuana b. cocaine d. LSD |
c. marijuana
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What question is best answered by identity formation?
a. Who am I? c. What do others think of me? b. Am I loved? d. Why are we here? |
a. Who am I?
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Mark is a college freshman who has not declared a major. He is actively exploring several possible career paths, but has not settled on any particular one just yet. What best describes Mark’s identity status on this matter?
a. identity achievement c. diffusion b. foreclosure d. moratorium |
c. diffusion
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Which of the following is least likely to be a topic of conflict between an adolescent and a parent?
a. curfew hours c. eating habits b. religious values d. personal appearance |
b. religious values
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Compared to families in which the mother is the homemaker, how much do teenagers in dual-income families help out around the house?
a. less c. about the same b. more d. It depends on household income. |
a. less
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When an adolescent’s friends are different from those the parents would prefer, this is known as: a. nostalgia c. idealistic discord
b. a generational gap d. a clash of cultures |
d. a clash of cultures
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All of the following are short-term effects of cigarette smoking except ____.
a. increased heart rate c. lung cancer b. constricted blood vessels d. throat irritation |
c. lung cancer
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Adolescent girls are more likely than boys to report daily smoking for what purpose?
a. weight control c. peer intimidation b. sex appeal d. control of depression |
a. weight control
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Compared to males, how likely are females to experience depression?
a. half as likely c. twice as likely b. just as likely d. four times as likely |
c. twice as likely
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About which of the following is an adolescent least likely to seek advice from their parent?
a. education c. sex b. finances d. career plans |
c. sex
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Who is most likely to be a sexual abuser to an adolescent girl?
a. the girl’s biological father c. a male sibling b. the girl’s stepfather d. an adult male stranger |
b. the girl’s stepfather
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Which of the following is not a force to which the major markers of adulthood are linked?
a. personal b. social c. cultural d. emotional |
d. emotional
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Events that are unexpected, such as a child’s death or winning the lottery, are called what?
a. idiosyncratic events b. normative events c. motivational events d. age clocks |
a. idiosyncratic events
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Which of the following terms refers to theories that emphasize the interaction of numerous environmental, social,
psychological, and historical factors that influence development? a. effective perspectives b. contextual paradigms c. contextual perspectives d. effective paradigms |
b. contextual paradigms
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Major league baseball players tend to reach their peak performances during what ages?
a. 17-20 b. 21-23 c. 24-26 d. 27-30 |
d. 27-30
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What term refers to the sexual partners with which one might wish to become involved emotionally?
a. sexual orientation b. sexual intimation c. same-sex orientation d. sexual reference |
a. sexual orientation
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When same-sex-oriented individuals live with a sense of shame and a lowered self-esteem due to their sexual orientation, they
have done what with society’s prejudiced view of them? a. accommodated b. internalized c. assimilated d. externalized |
b. internalized
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. A large-scale study found that what percentage of gay men in a California city have been the victim of a hate crime in the year
prior to the study? a. 15% b. 20% c. 25% d. 30% |
c. 25%
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What term describes the type of thought that is heavily contextualized and includes consideration of not only logic, but also
social and interpersonal issues? a. contextual thought b. postformal thought c. dialectical thought d. preformal thought |
b. postformal thought
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Which of Schaie’s stages of adult thinking allows one to address complex, multi-dimensional issues?
a. social responsibility period b. executive period c. achieving period d. reorganization period |
b. executive period
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“Life is simple and controllable, and there are no significant coexisting contradictory forces within me” is the major false
assumption during which age range? a. ages 16 to 22 b. ages 22 to 28 c. ages 28 to 34 d. ages 34 to 4 |
c. ages 28 to 34
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Gina is about to become married to her long-time boyfriend. Her marriage is an example of which of the following?
a. idiosyncratic events b. normative events c. age clocks d. motivational events |
b. normative events
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If Gerald’s wife of five years were to suddenly die in a car accident, this would be an example of which of the following?
a. spontaneous event b. life structure c. normative event d. idiosyncratic event |
d. idiosyncratic event
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What percentage of 18- to 25-year-olds report binge drinking at least once a month?
a. 40% b. 50% c. 60% d. 70% |
b. 50%
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How many times greater is the rate of death by accident for males than for females?
a. 2 times b. 2.5 times c. 3 times d. 5 times |
c. 3 times
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Which U.S. law makes it illegal to discriminate against individuals with disabilities in employment, public accommodations,
transportation, and telecommunications? a. Accommodation of Disabled Americans Act b. Disabled Americans Equality Act c. Americans with Disabilities Act d. Disabled Americans Act |
c. Americans with Disabilities Act
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How many married people (out of 5) report having sex twice a week?
a. 1 b. 2 c. 3 d. 4 |
b. 2
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In comparison to heterosexual adolescents, homosexual adolescents have a higher risk of all of the following except which?
a. distress b. depression c. suicide d. illness |
d. illness
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Mary is weighing the pros and cons of an important decision. She is trying to integrate opposing ideas and observations.
Which of the following best describes her style of thought? a. philosophical thought b. dialectical thought c. postformal thought d. preformal thought |
b. dialectical thought
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Which of the following is not one of Goleman’s four areas of emotional intelligence?
a. managing emotions b. handling emotions c. reading emotions d. developing emotional self-awareness |
b. handling emotions
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According to Levinson, which of the following is not a season of a person’s life?
a. era of adolescence b. era of early adulthood c. era of middle adulthood d. era of late adulthood |
a. era of adolescence
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1. The action of realizing one’s full potential by developing one’s talents and abilities is referred to as:
a. self-improvement b. self-motivation c. self-actualization d. self-emphasis |
c. self-actualization
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The conditions that others impose upon us to cause us to conform to their expectations, thus making us a worthwhile human
being, are called what? a. conditional worth b. qualities of worth c. conditions of worth d. consummate worth |
c. conditions of worth
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Which of the following is not a typical characteristic of adult friendship?
a. positive emotional attachment b. physical intimacy c. need fulfillment d. interdependence |
b. physical intimacy
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Which of the following components of love refers to physical attraction, arousal, and sexual behavior in a relationship?
a. decision-commitment b. intimacy c. companionship d. passion |
d. passion
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Over what percentage of men and women in America will marry at some point in their lives?
a. 75% b. 84 % c. 90% d. 95% |
c. 90%
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During which of the following decades was the percentage of marriage-age adults only 4%?
a. 1930s b. 1950s c. 1970s d. 1980s |
b. 1950s
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Which of the following is not a major factor in the rise of single-parent families headed by women?
a. rising rates of divorce c. a tradition of awarding custody to the mother b. rising rates of deaths of the father d. increase in births to unmarried mothers. |
b. rising rates of deaths of the father
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Which of the following is not a way in which mentors positively assist young workers?
a. they teach and train b. they serve as models of behavior c. they sponsor the worker’s advancement d. they show them loopholes |
d. they show them loopholes
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What percentage of secretaries are women?
a. 96.6% b. 94.3% c. 92.8% d. 91.0% |
a. 96.6%
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Which of the following is traditionally seen as a female profession?
a. business b. social work c. law d. medicine |
b. social work
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Which of the following is not an aspect of adult development?
a. self as a community member b. self as an individual c. self as a worker d. self as a family member |
a. self as a community member
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Of the following, which is the most basic of Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs?
a. safety needs b. love needs c. physiological needs d. esteem needs |
c. physiological needs
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What percentage of people identified family roles as the most important components in defining who they are?
a. 88% b. 89% c. 90% d. 91% |
c. 90%
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Victoria and Jared have a love that involves intimacy and decision-commitment. According to the Triangular Theory of Love,
which type of love do they share? a. romantic love b. consummate love c. companionate love d. fatuous love |
c. companionate love
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During which stage of stimulus-value-role theory do men and women make initial judgments about each other’s appearance
and personality? a. stimulus b. value-comparison c. role d. both a and b |
a. stimulus
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Which of the following is not cited in the text as a major event in the adult life cycle?
a. marriage b. retirement from work c. enrollment of youngest child in school d. buying a house |
d. buying a house
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Which of the following, passed in 1996, was the first major welfare reform effort in 60 years?
a. Personal Responsibility and Work Opportunity Reconciliation Act b. Aid to Families with Dependent Children Act c. Family Welfare Reformation Act d. Federal Welfare and Disabled Workers Act |
a. Personal Responsibility and Work Opportunity Reconciliation Act
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Which of the following is not one of the personality types of the theory of careers?
a. realistic b. investigative c. analytical d. enterprising |
c. analytical
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Kala wants to be an athletic director. Which of the following characteristics will not be useful?
a. high verbal skills b. high energy c. self-confident d. sociable e. all of the above |
a. high verbal skills
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Sean and Melody each work to support their family. They are an example of a _______.
a. dual-earner couple b. double-income family c. twice-earner couple d. double-income couple |
a. dual-earner couple
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