Dev Psych Class Test

Front 1

1. Developmental psychologists view changes due to maturation to be primarily due to which of the
following: a. cultural factors b. environmental factors c. social factors d. biological factors

Back 1

d. biological factors

Front 2

2. Freud believed that this part of the mind primarily involved one’s desire to follow society’s rules and the expectations of others. a. unconscious b. ego c. superego d. id

Back 2

c. superego

Front 3

3. The social aspects of human development were studied by which of the following:
a. Erik Erikson b. B. F. Skinner c. Jean Piaget d. Mary Ainsworth

Back 3

a. Erik Erikson

Front 4

4. Which of the following researchers envisioned development as a process in which a person’s genetic endowment unfolds in the context of family and also in the broader society?
a. Mary Ainsworth b. Ivan Pavlov c. Jean Piaget d. Urie Bronfenbrenner

Back 4

d. Urie Bronfenbrenner

Front 5

5. Sarah once was sick with the flu and threw up shortly after eating pizza. Now just the smell of pizza makes Sarah feel nauseated. Sarah’s response to the smell of pizza is likely the result of:
a. maturation b. classical conditioning c. operant conditioning d. social learning

Back 5

b. classical conditioning

Front 6

6. Individuals in these types of cultures stress competition over cooperation:
a. individualistic b. primitive c. tribal d. collectivistic

Back 6

a. individualistic

Front 7

7. Which of the following researchers investigated how children’s thinking and reasoning develops?
a. Mary Ainsworth b. Jean Piaget c. Erik Erikson d. Lev Vygotsky

Back 7

b. Jean Piaget

Front 8

8. Institutional Review Boards are interested in which of the following aspects of research projects:
a. overall scientific value of the research b. possible risks of the research c. statistical analysis d. cost of the research

Back 8

b. possible risks of the research

Front 9

9. In this type of research, the same individuals are interviewed repeatedly over a long period a time.
a. longitudinal b. replication c. cross-sectional d. naturalistic observation

Back 9

a. longitudinal

Front 10

10. In an experiment testing the effectiveness of a new anti-depressant against placebo, the participants’ level of depression is a(n): a. nuisance variable b. independent variable c. control variable d. dependent variable

Back 10

d. dependent variable

Front 11

11. The period of life that developmental psychologists refer to as adolescence ends at which of
the following ages: a. 14 years b. 15 years c. 16 years d. 21 years

Back 11

d. 21 years

Front 12

12. A researcher who studies how memory changes over the lifespan specializes in:
a. physical development b. social development c. cognitive development d. personality development

Back 12

c. cognitive development

Front 13

13. As compared to individualist cultures, collectivist cultures: a. stress more cooperation than competition
b. place greater emphasis on the individual’s welfare c. encourage more personal achievement d. foster greater independence

Back 13

a. stress more cooperation than competition

Front 14

14. “Baby boomers” are an example of a(n): a. cohort b. alliance c. support system d. reference group

Back 14

a. cohort

Front 15

Growth in height would be an example of: a. enculturation b. accommodation c. assimilation d. maturation

Back 15

d. maturation

Front 16

16. Sam was going to steal candy from a store but feelings of guilt kept him from doing so.
His internalization of right and wrong comes from his: a. id b. ego c. superego d. psychic censor

Back 16

c. superego

Front 17

17. Which of the following refers to the basic developmental process in the individual changes as a result of experience or practice? a. maturation b. growth c. learning d. aging

Back 17

c. learning

Front 18

18. What type of study did Ainsworth use to study the quality of infant-mother attachment?
a. case study b. baby diary c. field observation d. laboratory observation

Back 18

d. laboratory observation

Front 19

19. What research design tests groups of subjects of different ages at the same time?
a. cross-sectional design b. longitudinal design c. sequential design d. age cohort design

Back 19

a. cross-sectional design

Front 20

20. A researcher investigates how room temperature influences children’s performance on tests by having tests completed in a room that is either 65 or 75 degrees. In this study, temperature is a(n):
a. extraneous variable b. independent variable c. control variable d. dependent variable

Back 20

b. independent variable

Front 21

1. This is the basic unit of heritance that may be several hundred to several million base pairs long.
a. chromosome b. gene c. DNA d. nucleotide

Back 21

b. gene

Front 22

2. A photograph of a cell’s chromosomes arranged in pairs according to size is a:
a. genotype b. karyotype c. phenotype d. polypeptide chain

Back 22

b. karyotype

Front 23

3. Colorblindness occurs because of which of the following:
a. mutation during development b. error during transcription c. gene imprinting d. recessive gene

Back 23

d. recessive gene

Front 24

4. Some people experience unreasonable fear in certain situations, such as fear of being in closed spaces or fear of spiders. Such unreasonable fears are called: a. delusions b. hallucinations c. phobias d. reactivations

Back 24

c. phobias

Front 25

5. Which of the following is NOT one of the four nitrogen-carbon-hydrogen bases that make up DNA?
a. guanine b. thymine c. cytosine d. adrenalin

Back 25

d. adrenalin

Front 26

6. When one group of individuals views another group of individuals as inferior because of differences in religious views, which of the following has occurred?
a. normative history-graded influence b. ethnocentrism c. genetic-cultural bias d. nonnormative influence

Back 26

b. ethnocentrism

Front 27

7. Which of the following is a protein found in red blood cells? a. collagen b. hemoglobin c. hormones d. enzymes

Back 27

b. hemoglobin

Front 28

8. Down syndrome becomes progressively more common as the a. father's age increases
b. number of prior children increases c. mother's age increases d. number of prior pregnancies increases

Back 28

c. mother's age increases

Front 29

9. Which of the following represents a normal male offspring? a. XX b. YY c. XY d. XYY

Back 29

c. XY

Front 30

10. A teenager breaks his curfew, and his parents take away his driving privileges. This parental response is an example of which of the following? a. positive reinforcement b. negative punishment c. negative reinforcement
d. positive punishment

Back 30

b. negative punishment

Front 31

11. This structure is a chain of genes, which is visible under an ordinary microscope.
a. chromosome b. gene c. DNA d. nucleotide

Back 31

a. chromosome

Front 32

12. Humans normally have how many chromosomes? a. 2 b. 46 c. 4600 d. Scientists do not yet know for sure.

Back 32

b. 46

Front 33

13. This technique involves attempting to cure a genetic disorder by directly altering the molecular structure of the patient’s DNA. a. gene imprinting b. gene duplication c. gene transcription d. gene therapy

Back 33

d. gene therapy

Front 34

14. The symptoms of this disorder around the age of 35, which include a lopsided staggering walk, random jerking movements, dementia, and ultimately death.
a. Huntington’s disease b. cystic fibrosis c. Prader-Willi syndrome d. Angelman syndrome

Back 34

a. Huntington’s disease

Front 35

15. Which of the following is not one of the bases of DNA? a. nucleases b. cytosine c. adenine d. thymine

Back 35

a. nucleases

Front 36

16. When a child’s genetic makeup includes features not present in either parent, then a ________has occurred.
a. transcription b. Karyotype c. mutation d. meiosis

Back 36

c. mutation

Front 37

17. Which of the following would NOT be an example of nonnormative influences?
a. illness b. marrying c. divorce d. career changes

Back 37

d. career changes

Front 38

18. What age group is most often affected by history-graded influences?
a. children b. middle-aged adults c. adolescents and young adults d. adults in late adulthood

Back 38

c. adolescents and young adults

Front 39

19. Sex-linked traits are determined by genes on which chromosome pair? a. 4th b. 11th c. 21st d. 23rd

Back 39

d. 23rd

Front 40

20. Parents can reward children for producing desired responses. By systematically reinforcing successes or near successes in producing the desired response, parents can _______ children’s behavior. a. cancel b. extinguish c. prevent d. shape

Back 40

d. shape

Front 41

1. Which of the following diseases that may affect the unborn child is NOT a sexually transmitted disease?
a. rubella c. syphilis
b. gonorrhea d. herpes simplex

Back 41

a. rubella

Front 42

2. Which of the following is NOT a method used for prenatal screening?
a. Apgar Scoring System
c. ultrasound
b. amniocentesis
d. chorionic villus sampling

Back 42

a. Apgar Scoring System

Front 43

3. When does the typical fetus’s brain produce electrical activity for the first time?
a. weeks 1 to 2
c. around week 24
b. around week 16
d. between weeks 36 and 38

Back 43

c. around week 24

Front 44

4. The “rope” of tissue that connects the placenta to the embryo is called the:
a. fontanel c. uterus
b. umbilical cord d. fallopian tube

Back 44

b. umbilical cord

Front 45

5. Major defects in body structures can be caused by exposure to a toxic agent during which stage of pregnancy?
a. germinal period c. fetal period (12 to 32 weeks)
b. embryo stage (3 to 8 weeks) d. pre-birth period (32 to 38 weeks)

Back 45

b. embryo stage (3 to 8 weeks)

Front 46

6. Women who maintain a healthy diet typically gain how many total pounds during their pregnancy?
a. 25 to 35 pounds c. 10 to 15 pounds
b. 15 to 25 pounds d. 8 to 10 pounds

Back 46

a. 25 to 35 pounds

Front 47

7. Which of the following milestones occur last in the developing fetus?
a. sense of taste is formed c. begins to respond to sounds
b. fingers and toes are formed d. eyes are completely formed

Back 47

c. begins to respond to sounds

Front 48

8. The duration of the normal pregnancy is 3 trimesters. The length of a trimester is:
a. 1 month c. 9 months
b. 6 months d. 3 months

Back 48

d. 3 months

Front 49

9. Prior to birth, fetuses may position themselves upside down, causing the head to emerge last rather than first. This position is referred to as:
a. Caesarean c. chorionic
b. breech d. preferred

Back 49

b. breech

Front 50

10. The term teratogen refers to which of the following:
a. a toxic agent of any kind that can cause abnormalities in the developing embryo/fetus
b. disease causing bacteria or viruses that can cause abnormalities in the developing
embryo/fetus
c. a drug (legal or illegal) that potentially can cause abnormalities in the developing embryo/fetus
d. an environmental pollutant that potentially can cause abnormalities in the developing
embryo/fetus

Back 50

a. a toxic agent of any kind that can cause abnormalities in the developing embryo/fetus

Front 51

11. Which of the following is an example of a primitive reflex?
a. sucking c. breathing
b. swimming d. blinking

Back 51

b. swimming

Front 52

12. Pregnant mothers who are malnourished are at an increased risk of having a baby with which of the following problems?
a. deformed genitalia
c. deformed eyes
b. hyperactivity
d. heart disease

Back 52

d. heart disease

Front 53

13. In the female, these two passages carry ova from the ovary to allow fertilization to take place.
a. fontanel
c. fallopian tubes
b. umbilical cords
d. forceps

Back 53

c. fallopian tubes

Front 54

14. The soft, bony plates of the skull, connected by cartilage are called the:
a. fontanel c. forcep
b. carpel tunnel d. episiotomy

Back 54

a. fontanel

Front 55

15. A fetus delivered at this week of pregnancy can typically survive without intensive medical intervention.
a. the 16th week c. the 24th week
b. the 20th week d. the 32nd week

Back 55

d. the 32nd week

Front 56

16. The typical length of initial labor varies between a few minutes to as many as _____ hours.
a. 100 c. 30
b. 60 d. 2

Back 56

c. 30

Front 57

17. A midwife is a person who
a. is a type of medical doctor (MD) who specializes in the delivery of infants.
b. is a type of registered nurse (RN) who specializes in the delivery of infants.
c. is a type of nursing assistant who specializes in the delivery of infants.
d. is a person with or without formal training who assists in home delivery of infants

Back 57

d. is a person with or without formal training who assists in home delivery of infants

Front 58

18. The reciprocal emotional bond that develops between a child and caregivers is referred to as which of the following?
a. dependence c. survival reflex
b. attachment d. primitive reflex

Back 58

b. attachment

Front 59

19. Which of the following is the first to develop in the embryo/fetus?
a. nervous system
c. circulatory system
b. digestive system
d. respiratory system

Back 59

a. nervous system

Front 60

20. The newborn may suffer ____________, which refers to a lack of oxygen that can cause brain damage.
a. preeclampsia
c. anoxia
b. hypertension d. toxemia

Back 60

c. anoxia

Front 61

1. When does the brain growth spurt occur in children?
a. the month before birth c. the first month after birth
b. the first 2 years of life d. between the 1st and 2nd year of life

Back 61

b. the first 2 years of life

Front 62

2. The infant develops the ability to control their hands and fingers to grasp objects around the age of:
a. 2 months c. 5 to 8 months
b. 3 to 4 months d. 9 to 12 months

Back 62

c. 5 to 8 months

Front 63

3. When infants are weaned, there is:
a. typically a sharp gain in weight
b. a risk of malnutrition, due to lack of key nutrients
c. a tendency for the child to develop multiple new teeth
d. typically behavioral problems develop for a short time

Back 63

b. a risk of malnutrition, due to lack of key nutrients

Front 64

4. The simple form of learning that allows newborns to ignore meaningless, repetitive sounds in the environment is which of the following?
a. habituation c. arousal
b. orientation d. regulation

Back 64

a. habituation

Front 65

5. Symbolic representation plays an important role in which of the following?
a. walking c. sensation
b. language d. all of the above

Back 65

b. language

Front 66

6. Which of the following aspects of the newborn’s functioning is NOT assessed in the Brazelton Neonatal Behavioral Assessment Scale.
a. responding to sound c. moving
b. eating d. sleeping and waking

Back 66

b. eating

Front 67

7. Piaget proposed that children use these mental structures to organize information about the world.
a. morphemes c. assimilations
b. schemas d. objects

Back 67

b. schemas

Front 68

8. These cells function to nourish neurons and enhance communication in the nervous system.
a. synapses c. glia
b. plasticity d. nuclei

Back 68

c. glia

Front 69

9. The infant begins babbling around what age?
a. 2 months c. 12 months
b. 6 months d. 18 months

Back 69

b. 6 months

Front 70

10. The view of language acquisition proposed by _______________ assumes that children are biologically pre-wired to learn language.
a. Noam Chomsky c. Arnold Gessell
b. Jean Piaget d. T. Berry Brazelton

Back 70

a. Noam Chomsky

Front 71

11. The use of a word, picture, gesture, or other sign to represent past and present events, experiences, and concepts is evidence of:
a. adaptation c. deferred imitation
b. habituation d. symbolic representation

Back 71

d. symbolic representation

Front 72

12. The translation of a stimulus into a neural impulse by a sense organ is referred to as:
a. adaptation c. sensation
b. perception d. assimilation

Back 72

c. sensation

Front 73

13. When a child learns a new word, such as dog, to describe the family pet and then uses the word to describe any and all animals, the child is producing:
a. an adaptation c. an overextension
b. holophrastic speech d. telegraphic speech

Back 73

c. an overextension

Front 74

14. Researchers use the habituation method to study which of the following capabilities of infants:
a. perceptual c. digestive
b. respiratory d. circulatory

Back 74

a. perceptual

Front 75

15. Children around this age begin to imitate the behaviors of adults in play, talking on the phone, reading, or sweeping the floor.
a. 5 to 8 months c. 13 to 18 months
b. 9 to 12 months d. 19 to 24 months

Back 75

c. 13 to 18 months

Front 76

16. A young brain can adapt to the environment more easily than an older brain. This characteristic is referred to as:
a. accommodation c. assimilation
b. plasticity d. habituation

Back 76

b. plasticity

Front 77

17. This term refers to the system of language involving phonemes, morphemes, semantics, and syntax:
a. receptive language c. productive language
b. grammar d. symbols

Back 77

b. grammar

Front 78

18. According to Piaget, the realization by infants beginning at about 8 months that objects continue to exist when they are out of sight is referred to as which of the following?
a. accommodation c. object permanence
b. assimilation d. logical reasoning

Back 78

c. object permanence

Front 79

19. A child typically has a vocabulary of at least 50 words by which of the following ages?
a. 6 months c. 18 months
b. 12 months d. 24 months

Back 79

c. 18 months

Front 80

20. Regarding Piaget’s theories, modern researchers believe he:
a. overemphasized motor development
b. viewed object permanence as occurring later than it does
c. viewed infants as less competent than they likely are
d. all of the above

Back 80

d. all of the above

Front 81

1. The formation of a bond between some newborn animals (especially birds) and their mothers is called
a. flocking c. synchrony
b. connecting d. imprinting

Back 81

d. imprinting

Front 82

2. Feeding, whether by breast or bottle, allows
a. the mother to exert control c. special closeness to form
b. the baby to regulate temperament d. development of self

Back 82

c. special closeness to form

Front 83

3. If a parent has a child with a difficult temperament, what should they do?
a. create a compatible environment c. send the child to a camp
b. spank the child when they disobey d. apply strict, inflexible house rules

Back 83

a. create a compatible environment

Front 84

4. The overall environment in which child care occurs, both within and beyond the home, is called the:
a. childhood context c. social ecology of child care
b. chronosystem d. total care environment

Back 84

c. social ecology of child care

Front 85

5. A mother lets her toddler pick one out of two outfits to wear to the playground, rather than insisting that he wear a particular outfit without his input. What is the mother fostering in her toddler?
a. empathy c. narcissism
b. autonomy d. shame and doubt

Back 85

b. autonomy

Front 86

6. A form of attachment where a child becomes angry when the mother leaves and avoids her when she returns is:
a. avoidant c. resistant
b. secure d. dependent

Back 86

c. resistant

Front 87

7. According to Erikson, the first critical developmental issue that is resolved in the first year of life is
a. trust versus mistrust c. autonomy versus shame and doubt
b. industry versus inferiority d. integrity versus despair

Back 87

a. trust versus mistrust

Front 88

8. At about what age does an infant develop separation anxiety?
a. 3 months c. 7 months
b. 12 months d. 16 months

Back 88

c. 7 months

Front 89

9. If an infant’s basic needs are met consistently, the infant is more likely to develop a sense of
a. trust c. balance
b. guilt d. organization

Back 89

a. trust

Front 90

10. The extent of fussing, crying, and showing distress when desires are frustrated describes what dimension of Rothbart’s scale of infant temperament?
a. irritable distress c. soothability
b. fearful distress d. crankiness

Back 90

a. irritable distress

Front 91

What did Freud believe results when a parent begins toilet training too early or is too strict?
a. an Oedipal complex c. anal fixation
b. phobias d. introversion

Back 91

c. anal fixation

Front 92

12. One’s perception of personal identity is known as:
a. self-concept
c. self-efficacy
b. self-esteem
d. self-awareness

Back 92

a. self-concept

Front 93

13. If an infant responds to the mother ambivalently, simultaneously seeking and rejecting affection and not becoming upset when the mother leaves the room, what attachment style does the infant have?
a. secure c. avoidant
b. resistant
d. disorganized

Back 93

d. disorganized

Front 94

14. In the first year of life, all of the following emotions emerge in infants, with the exception of
a. sadness c. anger
b. guilt d. disgust

Back 94

b. guilt

Front 95

15. The first indication of hearing impairment in 1-year-olds is often their what?
a. frequent use of hand gestures c. startle reactions when people approach
b. rocking back and forth d. interest in vibrations

Back 95

c. startle reactions when people approach

Front 96

16. Which of the following do not constitute the “big three” elements of effective fatherhood?
a. accessibility c. engagement
b. responsibility d. reliability

Back 96

d. reliability

Front 97

17. Infants that are small for their age, appear sick, and are unable to digest food properly are said to be suffering from what?
a. child abuse c. child neglect
b. sudden infant death syndrome d. failure-to-thrive syndrome

Back 97

d. failure-to-thrive syndrome

Front 98

18. What is most likely to foster distrust in an infant?
a. overstimulation of the senses c. multiple caregivers
b. the presence of older siblings d. inconsistent care

Back 98

d. inconsistent care

Front 99

19. Mary Ainsworth’s strange-situation test is used to assess what?
a. stranger anxiety c. attachment quality
b. temperament d. caregiver responsiveness

Back 99

c. attachment quality

Front 100

20. Which of the following is not a typical response to child abusers?
a. assign baby to foster home c. have parents attend a parenting skills program
b. assign care to grandparents d. restrict further reproduction

Back 100

d. restrict further reproduction