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24 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What does Gluconeogenesis stand for ? |
During vigorous exercise, starvation glucose needs to synthesize glucose from non carbohydrate precursors. "New formation of Sugars" |
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What are the non carbohydrate precursors ? |
Lactate, amino acid, pyruvate, glycerol |
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What cells create Glucose? |
The liver cells/ Hepatocytes and some pars of the kidney. It is then sent to the blood plasma. |
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Lactate |
For skeletal muscle, undergoes fermentation, moves into liver and transforms into pyruvate via lactate dehydrogenase. It doesn't eneter Gluconeogenesis. |
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Glycerol |
Enters blood stream enter liver, goes through Gluconeogenesis pathway via dihydroxyacetone phosphate (DHAP) |
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Amino acid |
Food precursors, under starvation. Enter blood stream, some amino acids needed to form Oxaloacetate part of Gluconeogenesis so ebeters pathway. |
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Glycolysis in comparison to Gluconeogenesis is very exogonic process to what extent ? |
Glycolysis 96.2 kJ/mol per energy released |
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Glucose to Glucose 6 phosphate kJ/mol |
33. 5 kj/mol |
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Fructose to fructose 6 phosphate kJ/mol (committed step) |
22.2 kJ/mol |
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PEP to pyruvate kJ/mol ? |
16.7 kJ/mol |
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Gluconeogenesis step 1 |
Pyruvate into Oxaloacetate via pyruvate carboxylase |
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Firsts step has 3 mini steps step 1 |
C02 consists of biocarbonate ion that activated by ATP forming carboxyphosphate |
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Step 2 of step 1 |
The activated CO2 can now bind to biotin activate domain |
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Step 3 of step 1 |
This biotin binding domain and carboxyphosphate then form Oxoloacetate. |
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Step 1 occurs where ? |
This all occurs in the mitochondrial matrix |
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How is Oxoloacetate formed ? |
Oxoloacetate can not enter the cytoplasm until it is REDUCED into malate via malate dehydrogenase. Nadh into NAD+ |
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STEP 2- |
Oxaloacetate into Phosphophenyl pyruvate via Phosphophenolpyruvate carboxylkinase. |
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Step 3-7 |
The exact reverse of Glycolysis |
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Step 8 |
Fructose 1-6 Bisphosphate to Fructose 6 phosphate via Fructose 1,6 bisphosphatase |
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Step 9 |
Fructose 6 phosphate into Glucose 6 phosphate via phosphoglucose isomerase (the exact reverse of Glycolysis ) |
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Step 10 |
Glucose 6 phosphate into Glucose via Glucose 6 phosphatase |
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What muscle doesn't require step 10 |
The skeletal muscle doesn't require the last step, the glucose 6-phosphate is used as energy, or used for conversion of glycogen. |
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What muscles require step 10 |
The hepatocytes within the liver/ kidney require for blood plasma to bring about normal serum concentration. |
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The glucose 6 phosphate occurs in what part of the body ? |
In the lumen of the extracellular matrix via a glucose 6 phosphate transporter. |
