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8 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Internal Validity - Define |
Was the change caused by your intervention? |
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Internal Validity - To infer causality you need:
1 of 2 slides |
1. Temporal arrangement: change needs to occur after the intervention 2. Co-presence of intervention application and the desired 3. If you have change of target problem in absence of intervention, intervention not responsible
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Internal Validity - To infer causality you need:
2 of 2 slides |
4. Repeated co-presence of intervention and the desired change: principle of unlikely successive coincidence 5. Eliminate other possible causes: other co-present factors? 6. Consistency over time 7. Inference grounded in scientific/professional knowledge |
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Threats to Internal Validity
1 of 2 slides |
1. History: Any other events outside of the practice setting while you saw client that could have caused the change 2. Maturation: Did any psychological or physiological change occur within the client that could have cause the change? 3. Testing: Could filling out a questionnaire sensitize the client to the following testings, remembering what they answered the first time? |
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Threats to Internal Validity
2 of 2 slides |
4. Instrumentation: Did changes in the instrument or how it was used cause the change? 5. Dropout: Are the results distorted because clients dropped out of treatment? 6. Statistical regression/regression to the mean: extreme scores on an original test tend to become less extreme at retesting 7. Diffusion or imitation of intervention: did your client interact with somebody who is also getting some kind of intervention? |
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Threats to External Validity - generalizability:
1 of 3 slides |
1. Interaction under different conditions: interventions may work differently with different clients in different settings but different practitioners 2. Practitioner effect: the practitioner's style of practice influences outcomes 3. Different dependent (target or outcome) variables: target variables may have been conceptualized or operationalized differently |
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Threats to External Validity - generalizability:
2 of 3 slides |
4. Interaction of history and intervention: extraneous events that occur during the intervention may not be present at other times 5. Measurement differences: outcomes may be evaluated with different measurements 6. Differences in clients: Outcome may be different for a client of a different age, sex, ethnicity, socio-economic statues, etc.
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Threats to External Validity - generalizability:
3 of 3 slides |
7. Interaction between testing and intervention: testing could sensitize the client to the intervention so that it will work only if testing is done first 8. Reactive effects to evaluation: simple awareness by the client that s/he is being evaluated may lead to change in performance. |
