Descriptive Chemistry

Front 1

Properties of H2

Back 1

Discovered by Henry Cavendish (1766); well studied due to its simplicity; theoretically important

Front 2

Uses of H2

Back 2

1. manufacture of NH3
2. petroleum refining
3. converting polyunsaturated oils to saturated shortening
4. synthesis of methanol
5. possible future fuel (fuel cells or fusion)

Front 3

Properties of He, Ne, Ar

Back 3

Found in air; helium found in natural gas, remains liquid until 0 K (uncertainty principle); inert, non-reactive

Front 4

Uses of He, Ne, Ar

Back 4

1. preparation of semiconductors
2. cryogenics
3. blimps (He)
4. deep sea diving

Front 5

Properties of Li, Na, K

Back 5

Found in salt water; found in minerals; reactive; easy to identify through flame tests (Li-red, Na-yellow, K-blue)

Front 6

Uses of Li, Na, K (Alkali metals)

Back 6

Li: added to metal alloys for strength, alloyed with silver for brazing, source of tritium for fusion reactors
Na: heat transfer medium in breeder nuclear reactors, lamps

Front 7

Properties of Be, Mg, Ca

Back 7

Found in minerals; reactive.
Be: anomolous, unreactive toward air and H2O, covalent

Front 8

Uses of Be, Mg, Ca

Back 8

Be: alloyed with Cu for springs, clips, electrical contacts; windows for x-ray tubes
Mg: lowest density structural metal; aircraft parts (Mg-Al alloy)
Ca: used as reducing agent in preparation of other metals; alloyed with Al, Si & Pb.

Front 9

Properties of B, Al

Back 9

Bonding (mostly covalent)
Found as minerals

Front 10

Uses of Al

Back 10

1. low density metal; alloyed with Cu, Mg, Mn, Si for increased strength
2. Airplanes
3. Electrical conductors
4. Cans, pots, pans (non-toxic)

Front 11

Properties of C (inorganic)

Back 11

1. 2 forms (alltropes): graphite, diamond
2. graphite most stable under STP conditions
3. rearrangement of diamond to graphite slow

Front 12

Uses of graphite

Back 12

lubricant, electrodes, furnaces, composites (tennis rackets, airplanes), pencils

Front 13

Uses of diamond

Back 13

jewelry, industrial abrasive. drill bits, saws

Front 14

Properties of Si

Back 14

key element to mineral world; semi conductor; found as SiO2 (sand, quartz)

Front 15

Uses of Si

Back 15

1. Glass
2. Computers, solar cells

Front 16

Properties of N

Back 16

Varied chemistry; N2- stable, inert; found in air

Front 17

Uses of N

Back 17

NH3- fertilizer
N2- cryogenic

Front 18

Properties of P

Back 18

1. Found as phosphate rock- Ca3(PO4)2
2. 3 alltropes
-white phosphorous (P4): ignites in air
-red phosphorous(long chains of P): less reactive
-black phosphorous (layered crystaline structure): semiconductor

Front 19

Use of P

Back 19

manufacture of insecticides

Front 20

Properties of O

Back 20

-reactive, ionic compounds with metals, covalent with non-metals
-exists as O2 and O3 (ozone)

Front 21

Properties of O3

Back 21

1. In smog and upper atomosphere (ozone)
2. ozone layer absorbs harmful UV light
3. depeleted by mankind's use of chlorofluorocarbon's (CFC's)- complete ban in 1995

Front 22

Properties of S

Back 22

-forms many allotropes (rhombic, monoclinic, liquid, plastic)
-rhombic most stable under STD conditions
-Found in earth's crust as element S
-Extracted via Frash Process

Front 23

Uses of S

Back 23

1. 90%- production of H2SO4
2. Rubber manufacture
3. Fertilizer, pesticide
4. SO2- acid rain

Front 24

Properties of F, Cl

Back 24

Reactive (gain e-)
Found as CaF2, NaCl

Front 25

Uses of F, Cl

Back 25

F: separation of U-235 & U-238
-production of SF6 (used in high Voltage Equipment)
Cl: production of organic compounds, bleach in paper and textile, treatment of H2O, production of inorganic compounds