Derminants Of Disease (Epi)

Front 1

What is a determinant?

Back 1

factors that influence the probability, distribution or severity of disease

also know as a risk factor

Front 2

What is a primary determinant?

Back 2

a major contributing factor, often a necessary

has to be there for disease to occur

could be a host, pathogen, environment

"got to have it test"

Front 3

What is a secondary determinant?

Back 3

factors that make the disease more or less likely

predisposing or enabling factors

Front 4

What is an intrinsic determinant?

Back 4

things that are internal to the animal

ex age, breed and sex

Front 5

What is an extrinsic determinant?

Back 5

things that are external to the animals

example like housing,medical treatment

Front 6

In the case of flea bite hypersensitivity, the presence of fleas on the animal is what kind of determinant?

Back 6

extrinsic and primary

Front 7

In a dog with an inherited likelihood of developing a flea allergy what kind of determinant is that?

Back 7

intrinsic and secondary

Front 8

The agent and environment are always what kind of determinant?

Host?

Back 8

Extrinsic
Intrinsic

Front 9

Does the ability of an agent to infect mean it will cause a disease?

Back 9

no

Front 10

What is infectivity?

Back 10

ability of an agent to infect a new host

Front 11

What is pathogenicity?

Back 11

ability of an agent to cause disease

Front 12

What is virulence?

Back 12

ability of agent to induce severe disease

Front 13

What is immunogenicity?

Back 13

probability that the pathogen will cause the host to produce a strong immune response

Front 14

How can mutations occur and what do they include?

Back 14

increase infectivity within a typical host
ability to infect new species/populations
acquisition of new toxins
immune system evasion
antimicrobial resistance

Front 15

What are examples environmental determinants?

Back 15

demographics

macroclimate - outside

microclimate - inside (housing)

housing and crowding

Diet

stress

Front 16

Are genetic disease intrinsic or extrinsic? primary or secondary?

Genetic suseptibilities?

Back 16

Intrinsic, Primary

Part intrinsic and partially other factors, secondary

Front 17

For congential defects caused by toxoplasmosis the absense of prior immunity versus toxoplasma gondii what is the determinant?

Back 17

Intrinsic and primary

Front 18

Does herd immunity protect the individual?

Back 18

No (some non-immune will become infected)

Front 19

How is the latent period different from the incubation period?

Back 19

Latent- microbe is replicating, but not enough to be infectious
Incubation- microbe is replicating and is infectious, but NOT symptomatic

Front 20

What are host determinants dealing with age?

Back 20

many diseases have higher frequencies in animals at different life stages

more common in young animals - infetious disease

more common in old animals - neoplastic and degenerative diseases

Front 21

What are host determinants with sex and behavior?

Back 21

sex hormones

likely to develop disease - diabetes, mammary tumors

genetics - hemophilia

roaming and fighting - tom cats

Front 22

What are host determinants dealing with genotype?

Back 22

genotype = a term describing the DNA sequence or type of an individual

genetic disease are entirely determined by genotype

genetic susceptibilities are partially determined by

genotype and partially by other factors

Front 23

What are host determinants dealing with nutrition and immunity?

Back 23

overall health status alters susceptibility to disease

nutrition has a strong affect on immune function

Front 24

Does herd immunity protect the individual?

Back 24

No (some non-immune will become infected)

Front 25

What is herd immunity?

Back 25

the idea that infections disease can be contained if the population's resistance to infections is high enough

does not protect individuals
some non immune individuals will probably become infected
many others will be protected, indirectly by the immunity of their herd mates

Front 26

How do determinants interact?

Back 26

depends on the disease but determinants do not act in isolation

most diseases are produced by combination of primary, secondary, intrinsic, extrinsic, host agent and environment

Front 27

How do you describe interactions with determinants?

Back 27

characterize interactions between determinants

describe the relative contribution of each

design interventions to reduce the burden of disease in the population of interest - by reducing the most significant and preventable determinants