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37 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What are the different phases of hair growth
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Anagen- active growth
Catagen- transitional phase Telogen- resting phase |
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What phase are most hairs in
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Telogen
This explains why dz must be severe to cause hair loss (hair is not typically requiring energy) |
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What are some factors that cause hair cycle duration to vary
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Age
Region of Body Breed Sex |
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What are the extrinsic and intrinsic factors that influence hair cycle
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Extrinsic-
Photoperiod Ambient temperature Hormones State of health Intrinsic- Growth Factors Cytokines |
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What are 6 broad categories of alopecia
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Self-inflicted
Infectious Inflammatory Reactions Endocrinopathies Follicular dysplasias Misc |
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What is the first decision that should be made when trying to dx alopecia
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Is there pruritus
If so, investigate that first |
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What are some questions you should ask yourself to help dx alopecia
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Is there pruritus
How old is the patient When did it start Was the patient clipped Breed Sexual status Coat color Spontaneous remission |
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What is Alopecia X
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Hair loss suspected to be due to hormonal imbalance
Suspected to be heritable since strong breed predilection |
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How does Alopecia X look
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Bilaterally symmetrical
Starts in frictional areas Primary hairs are lost first (then secondary) Puppy-like coat Head and distal legs usually spared |
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How is Alopecia X diagnosed
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Hx and signs
R/O Endocrinopathies: ACTH Stim/Adrenal panel Urine C:C ration for 10days Histopath |
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What is the most impt hormone tested on an adrenal panel for dx of Alopecia X
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17-Hydroxyprogesterone
Urine C:C ration has also been shown to be elevated in some samples (over 10 days) |
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Explain Melatonin's role in the tx of Alopecia X
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Give BID for 3 months, and then evaluate response
Mixed results Some only respond temporarily |
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If there is pruritus accompanying an endocrinopathy-caused dermatoses, what is always the case
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Secondary infection
Endocrinopathies do not cause pruritus in and of themselves |
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What are some examples of color dilution
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Fawn
Blue |
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What is telogen effluvium
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Most hairs enter telogen at the same time, causing diffuse alopecia when they all fall out
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Where is the best place to bx when diagnosing Alopecia X
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Where there is the most hair loss and hyperpigmentation
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What other signs do patients w/ Alopecia X exhibit (besides hair loss)
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None
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What is the relationship b/t Alopecia X and Trilostane
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It is a possible treatment (give qd and hair growth may occur w/in 4-8 weeks or up to 6mths)
You can decrease the dose once full hair growth occurs BUT, if there is only alopecia (as is the case of Alopecia X), Trilostane is sort of a risky drug to be using |
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Who does the heriditary form of Acanthosis Nigricans affect mostly
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Dachshunds
It is idiopathic |
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What are the signs of Acanthosis Nigricans
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Dachshund < 2yrs
Axillary hyperpigmentation Lichenification Seborrhea Alopecia Secondary pyoderma, Malassezia, and pruritus common if chronic |
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How is Acanthosis Nigricans diagnosed
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R/O other causes and bx
Hyperpigmentation and hyperplasia seen on bx, but not specific |
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What is intertrigo
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Skin fold dermatitis
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Which tx has consistent results for Acanthosis Nigricans
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None
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What can you use as symptomatic therapy for Acanthosis Nigricans
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Anti-seborrheic shampoos
Topical glucocorticoids (fccal) More advanced cases: Oral glucocorticoids Oral Vit E Melatonin |
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What are three causes for the secondary form of Acanthosis Nigricans
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Intertrigo
Endocrinopathies Hypersensitivities |
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What type of tumor is Male Feminization Syndrome usually assoc'd w/
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Sertoli cell tumor
(occurs in 24-57% of cases) |
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What other tumors can cause Male Feminization Syndrome besides Sertoli cell tumor
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Seminomas
Interstitial cell tumors |
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Who are functional Sertoli cell tumors most common in
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Cryptorchids
70% abdominal testicles will develop the tumor and syndrome |
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True/False: The larger the tumor, the more likely Male Feminization Syndrome is to occur
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True
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What is the signalment of most cases of Male Feminization Syndrome
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Middle-Age to Older dogs
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Which breeds are predisposed to Male Feminization syndrome
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Boxers
Shelties Collies Weimeraners Cairn Terriers Pekingese |
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How do tumors cause Male Feminization Syndrome
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They secrete estrogen
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What does the dermatosis assoc'd w/ Male Feminization look like
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Bilaterally symmetrical
Non-pruritic Alopecia Perineum, Ventrum, Chest, Neck, and Flanks Hyperpigmentation Linear preputial dermatosis Enlarged prostate +/- infection Pendulous prepuce, gynecomastia, enlarged nipples, cryptorchid, or mass in scrotal testis |
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True/False: A Hx of castration rules out Male Feminization Syndrome
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False
They may have been cryptorchid and not had the other testicle removed |
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What is the tx for Male Feminization Syndrome
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Castration
Cisplatin in cases w/ mets |
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When is response usually seen in Male Feminization Syndrome cases after castration
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3 months (must wait for next hair cycle)
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Which Male Feminization Syndrome cases likely have a poor px
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If there is estrogen-induced bone marrow suppression
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