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53 Cards in this Set
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stratum corneum
stratum lucidum stratum granulosum stratum spinosum stratum basale |
: basket weave at top
: only in acral skin : usually 3-5 cells thick : prickly cell layer, live cells : stem cells |
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hyperkeratosis
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thickening of stratum corneum.
often goes with parakaratosis |
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parakaratosis
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retention of nuclei in stratum corneum (scaly skin)
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hypergranulosis
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hyperplasia of stratum granulosum, often due to rubbing
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acanthosis
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diffuse epidermal hyperplasia, psoriasis
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acantholysis
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loss of intercellular connections, loss of cohesion between karytinocytes
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spongiosis
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intercellular edema of epidermis
: cells still held together, looks white around them |
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hydropic swelling (ballooning)
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intracellular edema, viral infections
: herpes simplex |
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lichemoid reaction
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: interface dermatitis
: basal cell damage, leads to cell death, basal vacuolar damage |
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lichen planus
5 p's histologically |
: purple, polygonal, planar, pruitic
: wedge shape hypergranulosis, acanthossi, hyperkeratosis |
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spongiotic reaction
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intraepidermal intercellulr edema.
: microscopic->vesicles (small), lots of inflammatory cells : contact dermatitis |
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vesiculobullous rxn
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: aka blistering dermatoses
: vesicles at any level of epidermis : causes: excessive spongiosis, intracelluar edema, acantholysis : bullous pemphigoid |
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vasculopathic reaction pattern
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hypersensitivity vasculitis
: palpable purpura, inflammation within vessel wall. fibrin around vessel wall |
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seborrheic keratosis
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: thickened warty lesions from epidermal hyperplasia
: benign but look like melanoma, crusty. : keratin cysts that communicate w/outside |
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BCC v. SCC
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: SC metastasize more
: BCC has lots of blue cells that are organized : SCC has red cells that are poorly organized. nerve invasion bad sign |
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melanocytic nevus
: histologcially |
: nests of typical melanocytes. symmetric growth, cells mature as get lower in dermis.
: minimal to no inflammation |
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breslow thickness and malignant melanoma
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measured from granular layer to bottom of tumor. <1.0 mm is high survival rate
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histological malignant melanoma
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: large cells w/cytoplasmic halos. not nested melanocytes, show upward grown into epidermis (pagetoid spread)
: inflammation |
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: liver disease dermatological manifestations
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: gynecomastia, caput madusa, spider angioma
: hep C lichen planus : hemochromatosis-diabetes |
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: Renal disease derm
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: pruritis, calciphylaxix (CaPO4 precipitating out in blood, bloock BV, necrosis)
: uremic frost, lss common |
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Pulmonary disease derm
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: Cyanosis, clubbing (nail bed hyper)
: |
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: sarcoidosis
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: cutaneous sarcoidoisis can affect lungs too. plaques or papular sarcoid
: apple green jelly color w/dioscopy : erythema nodosum, rash on front of shins |
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: lofgren syndrome
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: erythema nodosum + pulmonary sarcoid
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lupus vulgaris
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TB spreading to skin, granulomas
or eating through lung to skin-> sores |
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Endocarditis and the skin
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: Janeway lesions: on palms and soles, not painful
: osler's nodes: toes and fingers, painful : splinter hemorrhage : from bacterial emboli |
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Other CV manifestations on skin
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: Xanthoma: high triglycerides, dylipidemia, diabetes. yellow/red plaques of cholesterol, yello palms
: Xanthelasma: usually idiopathic, near eye, excise : cholesterol emboli: get purpura in feet from plaques dislodging. gluto syndrome |
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adrenal/pituitary manifestations
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:Cortisol: moon face, buffalo hump, stria,
: Acanthosis nigercans: hyperpigmented linare plaques (diabetes and cholesterol) : hirsuitism and acne (monomorphous w/no blackheads) |
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DM manifestations
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: Acanthosis nigercans, ulcers,
: diabetic dermopothy: microvascular probs-> skin fragility and flacid bullae :lipodystrophy from insulin :granulomatous skin probs : necrobiosis lipoidica and granuloma annulare (non-infectious |
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Hyperthyroidism skin problems
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exophthalmos: bug eyes
pretibial myxedema: can get black and elephant skin-ish |
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Hypothyroidsm problems
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: goiter, diffuse hair thinning (also with hyper)
:generalized mixed edema (coma and death) : vitiligo and alopecia areata |
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lupus erythematosus
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: malar rash. erythema around nail folds
: annular scaly plaques : discoid lupus: scalp, face, external ear canal, hypopigmented, atropic. scarring, biopsy ;lupus peniculitis: inflam in fat, large atrophic plaques, skin atrophy |
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Deratomyositis
:connective tissue disease. ofen w/ovarian cancer |
: heliotrope rash: violatious and edematous area around eyes
:gottron's papules: papules over MCP or DIP/PIP joint :shawl sign: redness over chest |
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Scleroderma
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: depigmentation, area around folicles spared
: Morphea: localized sclero only in skin. linear, coup de sabre, parry-romberg (peri-facial inflam) |
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CREST and scleroderma
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:calcinosis, raynauds, esophogeal dysmotility, sclerodactaly, telangiectasias
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Rheumatoid arthritis
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: cutaneous vasculitis, arthritis, rheumatoid nodules
pyoderma gangrenosum: grey discoloration around outside. Many causes, NEVER debride, not infectious |
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leukemia cutis
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: adenocarcinoma to the skin, purple lesions
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paget's disease
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:ductile carinoma of breast tissue (around nipple), :sign of leser-trelat: seborrheic keratosis (sudden eruption), GI malignancy
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HIV dermatology
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: Hairy leukoplakia--> EBV
: kaposi's sarcoma: HHV-8 (oral esp) :seborheic dermatitis, scabies (crusted w/hiv), HSV : Molloscum (pox virus) :AXT discoloration of nails) |
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: zinc deficiency
: scurvy |
:acrodermatitis enteropathica: plaques and alopecia
: gum bleeding and corkscrew hairs |
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eumelanin
pheomelanin |
:brown and black hair
pigment in red-blonde hair |
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Hair cycle
: anagen catagen telogen exogen |
: growth phase for 2-6 yrs
: degenerative phase <1% 2-3 wks : telogen: resting: 3 mos : exogen: hair shaft shedding |
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Telogen effluvium
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: abnormal loss of telogen hairs due to stress. go from anagen to telogen fast. 3 mos after stress
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Anagen effluvium
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: loss of hairs in anagen state. radiation and chemo
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Loose anagen syndrome
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fair haired children. looks like telogen effluvium but w/agagen hairs
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alopecia areata
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hair loss from follicular damage in anagen, rapid transformation to telogen. focal. exclamation point hairs. spares white/grey,
: ophiasis: band like pattern of loss over scalp periphery |
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alopecia areata totalis
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total abcense of terminal scalp hair
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trichotillomania
traction alopecia tinea capitis |
:pulling out hair
: loss from pulling over long prds :fungus |
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monilethrix
pili torti trichorrhexis nodosa |
: short brittle hair w/elliptical nodes, dominant
:twists :most common. mechanical damage. distal is split ends |
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lunula
hyponychium |
:exposed area of nail matrix
; where nail plate detaches from underlying tissue |
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Beua's lines
onycholysis onychorrhexis |
:transverse depressions
:nail plate detached from bed (fungus) :longitudnal ridging and thinning 9age |
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Onychomadesis
onychoschizia trachyonychia |
: proximal detachment of nail
: horizontal splitting of nail (dryiness : sandpapered, rough nails (lichen planus |
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true leukonchia
apparent leukonychia koilonychia yellow nail |
: what horizontal bands from matrix injury (arsenic)
: disappears w/pressure, from changes in bed (cirrhosis) : spoonshaiped nails->anemia : lynmphedema and resp tract prob |
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melanonychia
paronychia |
: pigmented bands from drugs, AIDS, nevus and melanoma
;inflammation of nail fold, infection or drugs |