Dermatology Definitions

Front 1

stratum corneum
stratum lucidum
stratum granulosum
stratum spinosum
stratum basale

Back 1

: basket weave at top
: only in acral skin
: usually 3-5 cells thick
: prickly cell layer, live cells
: stem cells

Front 2

hyperkeratosis

Back 2

thickening of stratum corneum.
often goes with parakaratosis

Front 3

parakaratosis

Back 3

retention of nuclei in stratum corneum (scaly skin)

Front 4

hypergranulosis

Back 4

hyperplasia of stratum granulosum, often due to rubbing

Front 5

acanthosis

Back 5

diffuse epidermal hyperplasia, psoriasis

Front 6

acantholysis

Back 6

loss of intercellular connections, loss of cohesion between karytinocytes

Front 7

spongiosis

Back 7

intercellular edema of epidermis
: cells still held together, looks white around them

Front 8

hydropic swelling (ballooning)

Back 8

intracellular edema, viral infections
: herpes simplex

Front 9

lichemoid reaction

Back 9

: interface dermatitis
: basal cell damage, leads to cell death, basal vacuolar damage

Front 10

lichen planus
5 p's
histologically

Back 10

: purple, polygonal, planar, pruitic
: wedge shape hypergranulosis, acanthossi, hyperkeratosis

Front 11

spongiotic reaction

Back 11

intraepidermal intercellulr edema.
: microscopic->vesicles (small), lots of inflammatory cells
: contact dermatitis

Front 12

vesiculobullous rxn

Back 12

: aka blistering dermatoses
: vesicles at any level of epidermis
: causes: excessive spongiosis, intracelluar edema, acantholysis
: bullous pemphigoid

Front 13

vasculopathic reaction pattern

Back 13

hypersensitivity vasculitis
: palpable purpura, inflammation within vessel wall. fibrin around vessel wall

Front 14

seborrheic keratosis

Back 14

: thickened warty lesions from epidermal hyperplasia
: benign but look like melanoma, crusty.
: keratin cysts that communicate w/outside

Front 15

BCC v. SCC
:

Back 15

: SC metastasize more
: BCC has lots of blue cells that are organized
: SCC has red cells that are poorly organized. nerve invasion bad sign

Front 16

melanocytic nevus
: histologcially

Back 16

: nests of typical melanocytes. symmetric growth, cells mature as get lower in dermis.
: minimal to no inflammation

Front 17

breslow thickness and malignant melanoma

Back 17

measured from granular layer to bottom of tumor. <1.0 mm is high survival rate

Front 18

histological malignant melanoma

Back 18

: large cells w/cytoplasmic halos. not nested melanocytes, show upward grown into epidermis (pagetoid spread)
: inflammation

Front 19

: liver disease dermatological manifestations

Back 19

: gynecomastia, caput madusa, spider angioma
: hep C lichen planus
: hemochromatosis-diabetes

Front 20

: Renal disease derm

Back 20

: pruritis, calciphylaxix (CaPO4 precipitating out in blood, bloock BV, necrosis)
: uremic frost, lss common

Front 21

Pulmonary disease derm

Back 21

: Cyanosis, clubbing (nail bed hyper)

:

Front 22

: sarcoidosis

Back 22

: cutaneous sarcoidoisis can affect lungs too. plaques or papular sarcoid
: apple green jelly color w/dioscopy
: erythema nodosum, rash on front of shins

Front 23

: lofgren syndrome

Back 23

: erythema nodosum + pulmonary sarcoid

Front 24

lupus vulgaris

Back 24

TB spreading to skin, granulomas
or eating through lung to skin-> sores

Front 25

Endocarditis and the skin

Back 25

: Janeway lesions: on palms and soles, not painful
: osler's nodes: toes and fingers, painful
: splinter hemorrhage
: from bacterial emboli

Front 26

Other CV manifestations on skin

Back 26

: Xanthoma: high triglycerides, dylipidemia, diabetes. yellow/red plaques of cholesterol, yello palms
: Xanthelasma: usually idiopathic, near eye, excise
: cholesterol emboli: get purpura in feet from plaques dislodging. gluto syndrome

Front 27

adrenal/pituitary manifestations

Back 27

:Cortisol: moon face, buffalo hump, stria,
: Acanthosis nigercans: hyperpigmented linare plaques (diabetes and cholesterol)
: hirsuitism and acne (monomorphous w/no blackheads)

Front 28

DM manifestations

Back 28

: Acanthosis nigercans, ulcers,
: diabetic dermopothy: microvascular probs-> skin fragility and flacid bullae
:lipodystrophy from insulin
:granulomatous skin probs
: necrobiosis lipoidica and granuloma annulare (non-infectious

Front 29

Hyperthyroidism skin problems

Back 29

exophthalmos: bug eyes
pretibial myxedema: can get black and elephant skin-ish

Front 30

Hypothyroidsm problems

Back 30

: goiter, diffuse hair thinning (also with hyper)
:generalized mixed edema (coma and death)
: vitiligo and alopecia areata

Front 31

lupus erythematosus

Back 31

: malar rash. erythema around nail folds
: annular scaly plaques
: discoid lupus: scalp, face, external ear canal, hypopigmented, atropic. scarring, biopsy
;lupus peniculitis: inflam in fat, large atrophic plaques, skin atrophy

Front 32

Deratomyositis
:connective tissue disease. ofen w/ovarian cancer

Back 32

: heliotrope rash: violatious and edematous area around eyes
:gottron's papules: papules over MCP or DIP/PIP joint
:shawl sign: redness over chest

Front 33

Scleroderma

Back 33

: depigmentation, area around folicles spared
: Morphea: localized sclero only in skin. linear, coup de sabre, parry-romberg (peri-facial inflam)

Front 34

CREST and scleroderma

Back 34

:calcinosis, raynauds, esophogeal dysmotility, sclerodactaly, telangiectasias

Front 35

Rheumatoid arthritis

Back 35

: cutaneous vasculitis, arthritis, rheumatoid nodules
pyoderma gangrenosum: grey discoloration around outside. Many causes, NEVER debride, not infectious

Front 36

leukemia cutis

Back 36

: adenocarcinoma to the skin, purple lesions

Front 37

paget's disease

Back 37

:ductile carinoma of breast tissue (around nipple), :sign of leser-trelat: seborrheic keratosis (sudden eruption), GI malignancy

Front 38

HIV dermatology

Back 38

: Hairy leukoplakia--> EBV
: kaposi's sarcoma: HHV-8 (oral esp)
:seborheic dermatitis, scabies (crusted w/hiv), HSV
: Molloscum (pox virus)
:AXT discoloration of nails)

Front 39

: zinc deficiency
: scurvy

Back 39

:acrodermatitis enteropathica: plaques and alopecia
: gum bleeding and corkscrew hairs

Front 40

eumelanin
pheomelanin

Back 40

:brown and black hair
pigment in red-blonde hair

Front 41

Hair cycle
: anagen
catagen
telogen
exogen

Back 41

: growth phase for 2-6 yrs
: degenerative phase <1% 2-3 wks
: telogen: resting: 3 mos
: exogen: hair shaft shedding

Front 42

Telogen effluvium

Back 42

: abnormal loss of telogen hairs due to stress. go from anagen to telogen fast. 3 mos after stress

Front 43

Anagen effluvium

Back 43

: loss of hairs in anagen state. radiation and chemo

Front 44

Loose anagen syndrome

Back 44

fair haired children. looks like telogen effluvium but w/agagen hairs

Front 45

alopecia areata

Back 45

hair loss from follicular damage in anagen, rapid transformation to telogen. focal. exclamation point hairs. spares white/grey,
: ophiasis: band like pattern of loss over scalp periphery

Front 46

alopecia areata totalis

Back 46

total abcense of terminal scalp hair

Front 47

trichotillomania
traction alopecia
tinea capitis

Back 47

:pulling out hair
: loss from pulling over long prds
:fungus

Front 48

monilethrix
pili torti
trichorrhexis nodosa

Back 48

: short brittle hair w/elliptical nodes, dominant
:twists
:most common. mechanical damage. distal is split ends

Front 49

lunula
hyponychium

Back 49

:exposed area of nail matrix
; where nail plate detaches from underlying tissue

Front 50

Beua's lines
onycholysis
onychorrhexis

Back 50

:transverse depressions
:nail plate detached from bed (fungus)
:longitudnal ridging and thinning 9age

Front 51

Onychomadesis
onychoschizia
trachyonychia

Back 51

: proximal detachment of nail
: horizontal splitting of nail (dryiness
: sandpapered, rough nails (lichen planus

Front 52

true leukonchia
apparent leukonychia
koilonychia
yellow nail

Back 52

: what horizontal bands from matrix injury (arsenic)
: disappears w/pressure, from changes in bed (cirrhosis)
: spoonshaiped nails->anemia
: lynmphedema and resp tract prob

Front 53

melanonychia
paronychia

Back 53

: pigmented bands from drugs, AIDS, nevus and melanoma
;inflammation of nail fold, infection or drugs