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48 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Epidermis is derived from ________. Dermis is derived from ________. 1. Endoderm 2. Ectoderm 3. Mesoderm |
Epidermis - Ectoderm Dermis - Mesoderm |
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The principle cell of the epidermis is ________.
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KERATINOCYTES |
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The dermis contains macrophages and cells of inflammatory response. True or false? |
TRUE
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What is the name of the antigen-presenting cells in the skin that help with immune function?
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LANGERHAN'S CELLS
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Vtiligo (what MJ had), is a: 1. Macula 2. Patch |
2. Patch (large area of altered colour) Macula = freckle (small area) |
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Give an example of a condition presenting in plaque formation:
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Psoriasis
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A bulla is a large pus/fluid filled nodule.
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FLUID FILLED Small fluid filled = vesicle If pus filled = abscess (or pustule if small) |
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What are potential side effects of topical steroids? |
1. Thinning 2. Bruising 3. Hirutism (excessive hair growth on women) 4. Talgiectasia (spider naevi) 5. Acne |
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What response do arteries have when trying to reduce heat loss? (i.e. in cold environment)
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Sympathetic constriction
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Frostbite is the result of: 1. Vasodilation, increased viscosity 2. Vasoconstriction, increased viscosity |
2. Frostbite = - Vasoconstriction - Increased viscosity - Ice crystals in ECF |
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What is the term used to describe a raised body temperature under 40 degrees due to poor compensatory mechanisms and excessive sweating?
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HEAT EXHAUSTION = sweaty, red More severe = heat stroke |
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A patient presents after a hot day with high temperature, but dry skin. What happened? |
HEAT STROKE Failure of compensatory mechanisms = can't sweat Temperature of over 40 degrees |
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What causes increase in temperature set point in hypothalamus in cases of fever?
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ENDOGENOUS PYROGENS (IL-1, IL-6)
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What is used to treat STREPTOCOCCAL infection (e.g. cellulitis)? 1. Penicillin 2. Flucloxacillin |
Penicillin *STREP-PEN-CELL |
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What is used in a patient with a STAPHYLOCOCCUS infection (e.g. impetigo)
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Flucloxacillin
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Which bacterial infection is more deep? 1. Cellulitits 2. Impetigo |
1. Cellulitis - Commonly occurs on legs and face (Impetigo = superficial blistering of face) |
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A child with known eczema presents with crusting on the face. What could be the causative organism? What is the diagnosis and treatment? |
Staph. Aureus Bacterial infection --> IMPETIGO Mild = topical antibiotic Severe = flucloxacillin *Often secondary to atopic eczema |
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An elderly woman with know leg oedema and ulcers presents with a red swollen leg and fever. Diagnosis? Causative organism? Treatment? |
Cellulitis Streptococcal Pyogenes Benzylpenicillin --> Must distinguish from DVT |
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How can we distinguish cellulitis from venous eczema?
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Cellulitis = unilateral Venous eczema = bilateral |
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What are the two main organism causing fungal infections? 1. C_________. 2. D_________. (Ringworm) |
1. Candida Albicans (superficial) 2. Dermpatophyte (ringworm) |
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What is another word for a dermatophyte ringworm infection?
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Tinea |
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What investigation is carried out to diagnose a skin fungal infection?
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Skin scrapings
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What is the name of a topical antifungal treatment?
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Terbafine
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What fungal infection is associated with "satellite" lesions? 1. Candida Albicans 2. Dermatophyte |
Candida Albicans (Intertrigo) |
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Intertrigo is a fungal infection of.... 1. Dermatophyte 2. Candida Albicans ...origin. |
CANDIDA (Dermatophyte = tinea, ringworm) |
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An obese patient presents with a red scaly patch with satellite lesions under breasts. Diagnosis? Cause? Treatment? |
- Intertrigo - Candida fungal infection from friction rub - Nystatin |
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Viral warts are benign papules caused by the ____ virus.
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Human Papilloma - Self-limiting - Cryotherapy (stimulates immune system) |
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A baby is brought in with pearly pink papules around the armpit. What could be the diagnosis? |
MOLLOSCUM CONTAGIOSUM - Viral infection (DNA pox) - Self-limiting |
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A patient presents with a cold sore. This is due to: 1. Herpes Simplex virus 2. Herpes Zoster virus |
Herpes simplex Zoster = chicken pox --> shingles |
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A herpes simplex (cold sore) can be treated with:
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ACICLOVIR
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Scabies are examples of ectoparasites. They can be treated with: |
Permethrin Scabies get a perm |
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Drug exanthems is a mild/severe drug reaction:
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MILD
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Erythroderma Steven-Johnson Syndrome Toxic Epidermal Necrosis DRESS syndrome Are all examples of: |
EXTREME drug reactions
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Erythroderma can be secondary to:
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Psoriasis Dermatitis Cutaneous T cell lymphoma Drugs |
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A drug reaction causes severe shedding of skin. Name 2 possible causes: |
1. SJS 2. TEN |
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Patient presents with a medication history and white, crusting gums as well as sore eyes, fever and skin rashes (targetoid). What could this be? |
Steven-Johnson syndrome (TEN considered if less mucous membrane involvement and more skin involvement) |
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What are treatment options for SJS or TEN? (3)
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Steroids IV Immunoglobulins IV Cyclosporin |
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What 2 skin conditions can be Nikolsky sign positive? (i.e. skin at edge of blisters can be pushed off) |
1. Toxic Epidermal Necrosis 2. Pemphigus |
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What system is used to assess prognosis for Toxic Epidermal Necrosis?
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SCORTEN system
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What are the two autoimmune blistering disorders? |
1. Pemphigus (rare) 2. Pemphigoid (common) |
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A elderly patient presents with blistering but is systemically well. Could it be: 1. Pemphigoid 2. Pemphigus And what is the desired treatment? |
2. Pemphigoid - Common in elderly - Systemically well Topical or systemic steroids dependent on severity |
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A middle aged patient presents with: - Fever - Sore eyes and nose - Blisters which fall off What could this be? What sign is this positive for? What is treatment? |
Pemphigus (rare) Nikolsky's Systemic steroids |
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Which blistering condition causes FRAGILE blisters that are prone to falling off? 1. Pemphigus 2. Pemphigoid |
1. Pemphigus as attacks desmosomes, whereas in pemphigoid, antibodies attack dermo-epidermal junction (non-fragile) |
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A patient has an allergic drug reaction presenting with: - Fever - Rash - Eosionophilia - Lymphadenopathy What is the diagnosis? What do we need to be careful of? |
DRESS Syndrome (Drug Reaction with Eosinophilia and Systemic Symptoms) - Careful about renal/liver function as can cause damage |
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Which 2 require treatment with the anti-viral drug, acyclovir? 1. Herpes Zoster 2. Herpes Simplex 3. Eczema Herpeticum 4. Pustular Psoriasis |
2. Herpes Simplex (cold sore) 3. Eczema herpeticum --> (Herpes virus on top of eczematous skin) |
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Pustular psoriasis and eczema herpeticum all pose the risk of: |
Superficial bacterial infection (Swabs should be taken to make sure the vesicles are sterile) |
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A child with a history of sore throat presents with peeling skin but no systemic illness. What could this be and how would it be treated? |
Staphylococcal Scalded Skin Syndrome (SSS) - Caused by toxin released by staph bacteria in infection which splits epidermis - Treated with antibiotics |
