Reading...
Play button
Play button
Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
44 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
|
Macule
|
Circumscribed area of change in skin color. Without elevation or depression!
|
|
|
White macules in...
|
vitiligo.
|
|
|
Brown macules in...
|
café au lait spots.
|
|
|
Red macules in...
|
vascular abnormalities.
|
|
|
Papule
|
Superficial, elevated, solid lesion, generally less than 5mm in diameter.
|
|
|
Epidermal papules are...
|
well defined.
|
|
|
Dermal papules are...
|
ill defined.
|
|
|
Many papules in an area are known as...
|
vegetations.
|
|
|
Rash consisting of papules is known as...
|
a papular exanthem.
|
|
|
Exanthem means...
|
rash
|
|
|
Confluence of papules leads to the development of larger...
|
plaques.
|
|
|
Describe the plaque
|
A plaque is a plateau-like elevation above the skin surface that occupies a relatively large skin-surface in comparison to its height.
|
|
|
What is lichenification?
|
Like plaque, but less defined, area where skin appears thickened and the skin markings accentuated.
|
|
|
Examples of conditions in which lichenification occurs?
|
In atopic dermatitis, eczematous dermatitis, psoriasis, lichen simplex chronicus and mycosis fungoides.
|
|
|
Patch
|
A Patch is a barely palpable plaque, so it is between macule and plaque.
|
|
|
Nodule
|
A palpable, solid, round or ellipsoidal lesion that is larger than a papule (>5mm).
It may involve the epidermis, dermis and subcutaneous tissue. |
|
|
What differentiates a nodule from a papule?
|
The size and the depth of involvement.
|
|
|
What causes the nodules?
|
Inflammatory infiltrates, neoplasms, or metabolic deposits in the dermis or subcutaneous tissue.
|
|
|
What is the consistency of nodules?
|
Firm or soft.
|
|
|
Wheal
|
A wheal is a rounded or flat-topped pale red papule or plaque that is characteristically fading within 24-48h.
|
|
|
Scales
|
Flakes of stratum corneum.
|
|
|
A rash consisting of scales is known as
|
a papulosquamous exanthem
|
|
|
Erosion
|
Defect only of the epidermis, not involving the dermis.
|
|
|
What is the deeper version of an erosion?
|
Ulcer
|
|
|
How does an erosion heal?
|
Completely
|
|
|
How does an ulcer heal?
|
With a scar.
|
|
|
Ulcer
|
A skin defect which extends to the dermis or deeper into the subcutaneous tissue.
|
|
|
Scar
|
Fibrous tissue replacement of a tissue defect.
|
|
|
What types of scars are there?
|
Hypertrophic and hard or atrophic and soft.
|
|
|
Skin atrophy
|
Reduction of some or all layers of the skin.
|
|
|
Cyst
|
A cavity containing liquid or solid or semisolid materials and may be superficial or deep.
Visually it may resemble a papule or nodule, but upon palpation it is elastic. |
|
|
Adjectives used to describe a lesion.
|
-Color
-Margination (well-defined, ill-defined) -Shape (round, oval, polygonal, annular, iris, serpiginous) -Palpation (soft, hard, firm, fluctuant) -Temperature (hot, cold) -Tenderness -Depth |
|
|
Evaluation of arrangement, Patterns, and Distribution
|
Number (single or multiple)
Arrangement (Grouped: herpetiform, arciform, annular, reticulated, linear, sepiginous or Disseminated: scattered discrete lesions) Confluence: yes or no Distribution: localized, regional, generalized, universal Pattern: symmetric, exposed areas, sites of pressure, intertriginous area, follicular localization, random, following dermatomes or Blaschko lines. |
|
|
What are the seven key questions to a history of a skin lesion/s?
|
1. When? Onset.
2. Where? Site of onset 3. Does it itch or hurt? 4. How has it spread? Evolution 5. How have individual lesions changed? Evolution 6. Provocative factors? Heat, cold, sun, exercise, travel, drugs, pregnancy, season 7. Previous treatment(s)? Topical and systemic |
|
|
Acne vulgaris
|
An inflammation of pilosebaceous units
|
|
|
Occurence of acne vulgaris
|
Very common, affecting about 85%
|
|
|
What are the common body areas in which acne appears?
|
Face, trunk, rarely buttocks
|
|
|
In what age group?
|
Mostly adolescents.
|
|
|
What are the manifestations of acne vulgaris?
|
Comedones, papulopustules, nodules and cysts.
|
|
|
What are the late results of acne?
|
Pitted, depressed or hypertrohpic scars.
|
|
|
Sex preference?
|
Men
|
|
|
Racial differences?
|
Lower incidence in Asians and Africans
|
|
|
What's the name of a more severe form of acne?
|
Cystic acne
|
|
|
What are key factors in the pathogenesis of acne?
|
Follicular keratinization, androgens and Propionibacterium acnes.
|
