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16 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
What are the majorfunctions of skin? |
-homeostasis of fluid electrolyte balance, temp control -sensory function -immuno protection -synth of VitD -social function like identification, health, attraction |
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how does the skin provide immunity? |
prevent dehydration, contain normal bacteria that compete with pathogenic ones, cathelicidins, defensin, protect from UV damage, mechanical trauma |
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Describe acanthosis nigricans |
brown to black, velvety hyperpigmentation of skin. could be due to obesity, insulin resistant diabetes, hypothyroidism, metabolic syndrome. should control blood glucose with diet and exercise. |
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dermatitis herpetiformis |
chronic blistering of skin, extremely itchy. usually accompanied by coeliac's disease. need to be on a strict gluten free diet
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rosacea |
facial redness, small dialated blood vessels on face skin, papules (bumps), swelling. avoid alcohol (beer, red wine), hot drinks, spicy food, capsaicin |
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how does acne develop |
excess sebum (oil) production, follicular hyperproliferation, blockage of follicle, bacterial colonization, immune response, inflammation. role of the P.acnes bacteria in the condition is actually unclear. |
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How is milk intake, high glycemic index diets, and chocolate associatedwith acne development? |
milk/dairy: tentative association. could be hormones or high saturated fat. high glycemic index: tentative association chocolate: no association! studies haven't found association between diet and acne, but eating a balanced diet always makes sense. |
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psoriasis |
Th1/17 mediated autoimmune disease. affects joints and skin. genes and environment. treatment: eat well, no alcohol. lose weight. fasting may help. in the end, little scientific evidence that diet has major impact on disease. |
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atopic dermatits |
constellation disorder of atopy, allergic rhinitis, allergic asthma. inflammatory, pruritic (itchy), chronic, non contageous. skin reacts easily and becomes red. prevalence nearly tripled. 10% of kids and 1% of adults in industrialized countries. strongly associated with family history of atopy, loss of function mutation in FLG gene. treatment: corticosteroids, calcinuerin inhib, other drugs. diet and probiotics DON'T WORK |
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types of UV radiation |
UVR can cause sunburn, immune suppression, skin cancer, photoaging.
UVA (350nm) penetrates furthest in dermis. UVB (300) to epidermis, most harmful. UVC (250) to stratum, almost completely absorbed by ozone. |
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how UV affects skin |
UVB- most harmful. cause direct and oxidative dna modification to neoplastic transformation. also induce Tregs. UVA cause some immunomodulation with Tregs. |
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Photo aging |
Primarily due to oxidative stress Impairment of mitochondrial function Accumulation of senescent cells Over-expression of MMPs, elastin |
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relationship between diet and skin cancer
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-no consistent evidence of PUFA, retinoids, carotenoids, vitE, alcohol, vitD on melanoma. UVR contribution not clear. overwhelming contribution polymorphism in MCR1 -low meat and fat lowered risk -omega 3 reduced inflammatory lvl in UVB -high vitC and linoleic, low fat and CHO associated w better skin. -antioxidants have protective effect |
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What is the recommendation for sun exposure and Vitamin D |
-adequate vitD should be obtained from healthy diet and/or vitD supplements. shouldn't be obtained from unprotected UVR. -epi studies say low vitD increases certain cancers, neuro disease, CVD.. -need more research for appropriate serum vitD -those w darker skin need more vitD. |
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What would be some benefits of an oral sunscreen vs a topical one? |
oral agents: efficacy not dependent on adequat topical application. even modest photoprotection can considerabally protect from skin cancer, bioavailable, stable, sufficient amt available at target site. -would also help those with immune suppression, lupus, acne, psoriasis, rosacea |
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examples of oral supplements that protect/don't protect from UVR |
effective: tea extract (EGCG. inhibit MMP), resveratrol (decrease sunburn cell#, erythema), polypodium leucotomos (has carotenoids, glycosides, flavonoids. prevent sunburn, DNA damage, photo-aging), chocolate, tomato paste, omega 3. the thing about these is stability, bioavailability.. sun screen plus supplements work best. |