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16 Cards in this Set

  • Front
  • Back

What are the majorfunctions of skin?

-homeostasis of fluid electrolyte balance, temp control


-sensory function


-immuno protection


-synth of VitD


-social function like identification, health, attraction



how does the skin provide immunity?

prevent dehydration, contain normal bacteria that compete with pathogenic ones, cathelicidins, defensin, protect from UV damage, mechanical trauma

Describe acanthosis nigricans

brown to black, velvety hyperpigmentation of skin. could be due to obesity, insulin resistant diabetes, hypothyroidism, metabolic syndrome.


should control blood glucose with diet and exercise.

dermatitis herpetiformis

chronic blistering of skin, extremely itchy. usually accompanied by coeliac's disease. need to be on a strict gluten free diet

rosacea

facial redness, small dialated blood vessels on face skin, papules (bumps), swelling.


avoid alcohol (beer, red wine), hot drinks, spicy food, capsaicin

how does acne develop

excess sebum (oil) production, follicular hyperproliferation, blockage of follicle, bacterial colonization, immune response, inflammation. role of the P.acnes bacteria in the condition is actually unclear.

How is milk intake, high glycemic index diets, and chocolate associatedwith acne development?

milk/dairy: tentative association. could be hormones or high saturated fat.


high glycemic index: tentative association


chocolate: no association!




studies haven't found association between diet and acne, but eating a balanced diet always makes sense.

psoriasis

Th1/17 mediated autoimmune disease. affects joints and skin. genes and environment.


treatment: eat well, no alcohol. lose weight. fasting may help. in the end, little scientific evidence that diet has major impact on disease.

atopic dermatits

constellation disorder of atopy, allergic rhinitis, allergic asthma. inflammatory, pruritic (itchy), chronic, non contageous. skin reacts easily and becomes red. prevalence nearly tripled. 10% of kids and 1% of adults in industrialized countries.


strongly associated with family history of atopy, loss of function mutation in FLG gene.


treatment: corticosteroids, calcinuerin inhib, other drugs. diet and probiotics DON'T WORK

types of UV radiation

UVR can cause sunburn, immune suppression, skin cancer, photoaging.
UVA (350nm) penetrates furthest in dermis.
UVB (300) to epidermis, most harmful.
UVC (250) to stratum, almost completely absorbed by ozone.


how UV affects skin

UVB- most harmful. cause direct and oxidative dna modification to neoplastic transformation. also induce Tregs.


UVA cause some immunomodulation with Tregs.

Photo aging

Primarily due to oxidative stress


Impairment of mitochondrial function


Accumulation of senescent cells


Over-expression of MMPs, elastin

relationship between diet and skin cancer

-no consistent evidence of PUFA, retinoids, carotenoids, vitE, alcohol, vitD on melanoma. UVR contribution not clear. overwhelming contribution polymorphism in MCR1


-low meat and fat lowered risk


-omega 3 reduced inflammatory lvl in UVB


-high vitC and linoleic, low fat and CHO associated w better skin.


-antioxidants have protective effect

What is the recommendation for sun exposure and Vitamin D

-adequate vitD should be obtained from healthy diet and/or vitD supplements. shouldn't be obtained from unprotected UVR.


-epi studies say low vitD increases certain cancers, neuro disease, CVD..


-need more research for appropriate serum vitD


-those w darker skin need more vitD.

What would be some benefits of an oral sunscreen vs a topical one?

oral agents: efficacy not dependent on adequat topical application. even modest photoprotection can considerabally protect from skin cancer, bioavailable, stable, sufficient amt available at target site.


-would also help those with immune suppression, lupus, acne, psoriasis, rosacea

examples of oral supplements that protect/don't protect from UVR

effective: tea extract (EGCG. inhibit MMP), resveratrol (decrease sunburn cell#, erythema), polypodium leucotomos (has carotenoids, glycosides, flavonoids. prevent sunburn, DNA damage, photo-aging), chocolate, tomato paste, omega 3.


the thing about these is stability, bioavailability.. sun screen plus supplements work best.