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28 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Definition
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Nevus is a benign circumscribed overgrowth of cells made of tissue elements normally in the skin. AKA Birthmarks.
Most common is melanocytic nevus (mole) - too many melanocytes. Can also have vascular, epidermal and CT nevi. |
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Melanocytic - Acquired vs. congenital
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acquired - after age 30 is not normal.
Phases: growth, maturation and resolution. Types are intradermal, compound and junctional |
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Intradermal nevus
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flesh colored. melanocytic nests are only in the dermis.
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compound nevus
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brown bump and nests are in the lower epidermis and dermis.
epidermis location causes the color. |
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junctional nevus
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At the DE junction. flat and round and very dark.
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Location of melanocytic nevi
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intradermal - neck and head
compound - trunk junctional - legs and palms and soles of feet. |
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Lentigo
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not a nevus, but it is flat and brown.
commonly called sunspots. no nesting of the increase in melanocytes is the main difference. |
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Halo nevus
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White halo around the nevus due to infiltrating lymphocytes.
Usually idiopathic. Inc freq in vitiligo and malignany melanoma. This is a subtype of any of the 3 kinds of melanocytic nevi (junctional, compound or intradermal) |
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Spitz nevus
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Rapidly grows and is pink
looks wild histologically, but is most likely benign (controversy) common on head and neck. Generally excised. Can be multiple (grouped or disseminated). |
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Blue nevus
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Solitary blue macule (flat) or papule (raised)
Spindle shaped cells in the dermis distort light in a way to make it appear blue. Benign |
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Dermal melanocytosis
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More common in dark babies.
Ribbon-like melanocytes in the dermis are entrapped during migration from neural crest to epidermis. Usually regresses by age 3-5. This is not a nevus. But rather many mongolian spots |
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Congenital melanocytic nevus
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These are congenital and often have hair within them.
If large, greater risk of melanoma. |
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Slide 19.
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Vascular nevi
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Hemangiomas of infancy
Vascular malformations Nevus araneus – not common. Cherry angioma – super common and easy. |
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epidermal nevi
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Linear epidermal nevus
Nevus sebaceus – also too many sebaceous stuff. Becker’s nevus – shoulder, lots of hair |
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Hemangiomas of infancy
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Most common childhood tumor.
More common in girls. Proliferation phase (1 year), resting phase (1-2 years), then involution. This is a growth - not a malformation |
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Common site of Hemangiomas of infancy
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neck and head, liver.
worrisome in beard area (trachea) and eye (glaucoma) |
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Differentiate btwn growth and vascular malformations
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Glut-1 stain (histochem)
This is presence in hemangiomas of infancy and not vascular malformations. |
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Syndromes associated with hemangiomas of infancy
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PHACES - posterior fossa malformation, hemangioma of cervicofacial region, arterial abnorm, cardiac anomalies, eye issues, sternal or supraumbilical raphe.
PELVIS - perineal hemangioma, external genitalia malformations, lipomyelomeningocele, vesico-renal abnormalities, imperforate anus, skin tag. |
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Vascular malformations
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anomalies of blood and lymph vessels due to abn development.
classified by vessel type and flow. can be capillary, venous, lymphatic, or arteriovenous |
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port wine stains
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Vascular malformation
capillary malforamtion |
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Sturge-Weber syndrome
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type of Vascular malformation
sporadic capillary malformation. CNV1 - upper eyelid inv. capillary malformation in vertebral cortex calcifies so you can get seizures, glaucoma and developmental delay. |
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Nevus araneus
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Vascular malformation
spider angioma spincter around arteriole fails so it dilates (dot) and small veins bring blood out (spider legs). Pushing will blanch it. Resolves spontaneously. Due to high estrogen sometimes (OCP, preg, liver disease) |
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cherry angioma
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very common
Benign prolif of capillaries. Increase with age in size and number and rarely signals internal malignancy if eruptive. Bright red and well-defined. Often after age 30. |
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Epidermal nevus
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Hamartomas - hyperplasia of epidermis and adnexal structures.
Linear epidermal nevi follow Blaschko's lines. These tend to be linear. |
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Blaschko's liens
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associated with Epidermal nevus
migration of embryonic cells. stripes are a type of genetic mosaicism. |
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Nevus sebaceus
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Epidermal nevus
Yellowish verrucous plaques with many sebaceous glands in scalp and face. Present at birth and at puberty becomes raised and verrucous. As adult, may develop to tumors. Benignly to syringocystadenoma or malignantly to basal cell carcinoma. |
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Becker's nevus
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Epidermal nevus
males and at age 20 there is more pigmentation that thickens and becomes hairy. it is benign. on torso and upper arm. |
