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39 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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freckle
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increased melanin pigment (not more melanocytes)
appear after sun exposure |
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lentigo
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due to hyperplasia of melanocytes
do not darken with sun exposure |
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urticaria
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(hives)
localized mast cell degranulation (IgE mediated) causes superficial dermal edema angioedema: a more severe form that involves deeper edema of both the dermis and subcutaneous fat |
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macule
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flat lesion
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papule
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dome shaped surface elevation <5mm
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nodule
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dome shaped surface elevation >5mm
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plaque
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elevated flat area >5mm
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vesicle
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fluid filled blister <5mm
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bulla
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fluid filled blister >5mm
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pustule
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fluid filled blister with inflammatory cells
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wheal
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hive
infiltration of dermis by fluid |
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scales
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excessive number of dead keratinocytes
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verrucae
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warts
epidermal hyperplasia |
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molluscum contagiosum
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pox-virus infection
dimpled papules |
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acne vulgaris
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4 components:
development of keratin plug hypertrophy of sebaceous gland propionibacterum acnes infection (lipase synthesizing) inflammation of follicle |
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superficial fungal infection
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tinea corpis (body)
erosions, crusting, flatking, angular lesion (ring worm) abcess under stratum corneum capitis: scalp barbae: beard corpis: body cruris: crotch pedis: foot |
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freckle
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increased melanin pigment in melanocytes
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lentigo
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(sun spots)
hyperplasia of melanocytes |
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melanocytic nevus
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neoplasm of melanocytes
junctional nevus- located along junction of epithelium and dermis compound nevus- junctional and dermis (raised) |
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dysplastic nevus
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compound nevus and dysplasia
precursor to melanoma dark center and lighter periphery (fried egg/target like lesion) cobblestone surface |
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melanoma
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ABCD (assymetry, border irregular, color variation, diameter >6mm)
radial growth, follwed by vertical growth (metastisi) vertical growth is heralded by the appearance of a dark nodule (color change) involves RAS and PI-3K/AKT pathways and RB family |
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seborrheic keratosis
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benign epithelial tumor
keratin filled "horn cysts" pseduo-horn cysts communicate with surface |
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actinic keratosis
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premalignant
associated with prolonged UV exposure hyperkeratotic basal cell atypia |
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basal cell carcinoma
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caused by chronic exposure to sun
most common invasive skin tumor PTHC mutation (involves sonic hedgehog) usually upper lip papule not metastatic have pallisading tumor islands |
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squamous cell carcinoma
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can metastisize
dysplasia of squamous epithelium can invade vertically beyond the basement membrane (vs. actinic keratosis) nodular hyperkeratotic lesion |
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pemphigus
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vulgaris: suprabasalar blister.
antibodies against DSG1 and 3 foliaceus: more superficial (DSG1) |
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bullous pemphigoid
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subepidermal plaque
antibodies against BPAG2 |
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dermatitis herpetiformis
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subepidermal vesicles
suggest celiac disease |
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psoriasis
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epidermal thickening
salmon colored plaques elongation of rete ridges extension of dermis. blood vessels near surface cause bleeding when scales are pulled off. |
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erythema multiforme
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immunologic reaction of skin (lymphocytes attack it)
target lesions (central blister surrounded by macular erythema) steven-johnson syndrome: severe form of EM that can be fatal |
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erythema nodosum
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inflammatory lesion of subcutaneous fat
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dermatofibroma
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benign fibrous histocytoma (tumor of dermis)
does not infiltrate fat |
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dermatofibrosarcoma protuberans
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infiltrates into subcutis fat
storiform- spindle cells form "whorls" |
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mycosis fungoides
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cutaneous cd4 t cell lymphoma
lots of clinical presentations invading T cells in epidermis |
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mastocytosis
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increased mast cells form a nodule
"fried egg" cells expand the dermis dermatographism |
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eczema
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"to boil over"
inflammation of epidermis forms edema and microvesicle formation usually goes away after a day includes contact dermatitis |
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impetigo
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superficial bacterial infection of skin
neutrophils beneath the stratum corneum honey crusted lesions |
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gorlin syndrome
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basal cell nevus syndrome
involves multiple basal cell carcinomas, and is autosomal dominant mutation of PTCH |
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sezary syndrome
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leukemic form of mycosis fungoides
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