Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
21 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
|
Masked depression/Depressive equivalents |
In 1970s, how depression was exemplified in behaviors in children; ex: bedwetting, aggression, learning problems, etc. |
|
|
Child depression at different ages |
infancy: anaclitic depression preschool: oppositional, irritable, clingy grade school: angry, defiant, poor concentration, irritable preadolescent: low self-esteem, guilt, hopelessness |
|
|
Vulnerabilities of Depression |
being female after age 12, genetic, early experiences to insecure attachment |
|
|
Risk factors of Depression |
loss events, critical parenting practices, peer isolation/ignoring, ruminative cognitive styles |
|
|
depression splurge during teenage years |
vulnerabilites + risk factors + puberty |
|
|
Symptoms of MDD |
mood, cognitive, somatic, motivation, interpersonal, suicide, impairing for 2 weeks |
|
|
Dysthymia |
lower-grade depression, longer term; "double depression" |
|
|
Prevalence of depression in early childhood |
1-2% 1:1 boy girl ratio |
|
|
Prevalence of depression in adolescence |
>10% girls 2:1 |
|
|
prevalence of depression in young women age 20 |
20% |
|
|
Comorbidity with depression (4) |
anxiety, conduct disorder, ADHD, learning problems |
|
|
Suicide |
-#1 cause of death worldwide for girls/women age 25 -fast rising in teens (girls attempt more, boys complete more) -lower in regions supplying SSRIs |
|
|
Heritability of depression |
30% males, 40% women |
|
|
Familial Transmission |
if you have a parent with major depression, the chances of you having MDD by age 25 are 60% |
|
|
Familial Transmission factors - not due to genes |
insecure attachment, modeling of passivity, dysreglation, non-contingent environment, harsh/irritable/even coercive discipline, blame self if no explanation given for erratic or absent parental behavior |
|
|
Neurobiological aspects of depression |
-left frontal activation -hippocampal activation (related to stress hormones) -Inflammatory disease -> cytokines/interleukin-6 |
|
|
Sociocognitive aspects of depression |
negative triad, distortions, negative attributional bias, globality & pervasiveness of low self-esteem, rumination |
|
|
negative triad |
self, world, future |
|
|
negative attributional bias |
internal, global, stable for neg. events |
|
|
Age of onset for depression |
early 20s |
|
|
Depression Treatments |
-CBT -Behavioral activation (therapy -> get person to do activities, just doing them increases mood, sometimes must do this before even being able to do CBT -interpersonal therapy (relationships) -medication: SSRIs |
