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44 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
- 3rd side (hint)
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Required reading: 22 WAYS to REDUCE PREJUDICE
http://www.dma.ky.gov/NR/rdonlyres/08821CD8-0016-4397-8FDC-B54487DA9AD1/0/3050RRPPD22WaystoReducePrejudice.pdf |
there ya go!
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(pg75) term:
Define political power |
The power type held by a person or group in society, typically by a leader of state, but also is related to the amount of societal influence they can wield.
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(pg75) term:
Define physical power |
The energy or motive force by which a physical system or machine is operated
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(pg75) term:
Define social power |
From Max Weber, “Power is meant that opportunity existing within a social relationship which permits one to carry out one’s own will even against resistance and regardless of the basis on which this opportunity rests”
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(pg 77) Multiple choice:
Which power is based on a leaders personal traits, is intangible but characteristic of most leaders, commands awe and respect. A) Expert Power B) Reverent Power C) Information Power |
B) Reverent Power
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(pg75)
What are the elements of formal power? |
1. Conferred to a person, not necessarily earned
2. A function of position, rank, or status 3. Authority is given to a person that holds a certain position in and is supported by the organization 4. May include the ability to reward or punish |
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(pg76)
What are the elements of informal power? |
1. Comes from forms of leverage, must be earned, can not be conferred
2. A function of ability, personality, or association 3. May be based on knowledge or skill 4. Authority based on expertise can only be exercised if others recognize the ability and have a use for it. 5. May be based on trust developed through friendship or personality characteristics 6. Trust as a power base builds on common goals 7. May be based on association with a group or another person perceived to have power |
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(pg76)
What are the three bases of formal power? |
1. Reward power
2. Coercive power 3. Legitimate power |
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(pg76)
What are the three bases of informal power? |
1. Expert power – based on knowledge, talent, and skill of a leader (professor, specialist, doctor, lawyer)
2. Referent power – based on leaders personal traits (charm, charisma, sensitivity, creativity) Is intangible, commands awe, respect 3. Information power – based on a leaders ability to disseminate information to followers |
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(pg76)
Which type of power is based on trust developed through friendship or personality characteristics? |
Informal power
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(pg75)
Which type of power may include the ability to reward or punish? |
Formal power
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(pg76)
Authority based on expertise that can only be exercised if others recognize the ability and have a use for it is considered formal or informal power? |
Informal power
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(p78)
What are the three levels, or components of prejudice? |
1. Cognitive – the stereotype
2. Emotional – emotions/feelings of hostility or liking, can be positive or negative 3. Action oriented – inclined toward action, can be positive or negative |
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(pg78)
What are the five levels of prejudice? (Allports Scale) |
1. Antilocution “Ethnophaulisms” (jokes, abuse, insult)
2. Avoidance or keeping distance 3. Discrimination (housing, rights, employment) 4. Physical attack “Ethnoviolence” 5. Extermination (violence against a group or individual) |
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(p78)
What are the three levels, or components of prejudice? |
1. Cognitive – the stereotype
2. Emotional – emotions/feelings of hostility or liking, can be positive or negative 3. Action oriented – inclined toward action, can be positive or negative |
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(pg78)
What are the five levels of prejudice? (Allports Scale) |
1. Antilocution “Ethnophaulisms” (jokes, abuse, insult)
2. Avoidance or keeping distance 3. Discrimination (housing, rights, employment) 4. Physical attack “Ethnoviolence” 5. Extermination (violence against a group or individual) |
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(pg79)
What are the four types of discrimination? |
1. Type A - isolate
2. Type B – small group 3. Type C – direct institutionalized 4. Type D – indirect institutionalized |
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(pg80)
What are characteristics of direct institutional discrimination? |
1) Actions are condoned and agree with prevailing norms
2) Actions are intentional, overt 3) Individuals may carry out policies and not be prejudiced |
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(pg80)
What are characteristics of indirect institutional discrimination? |
1) Practices which result in a negative impact
2) Policies and regulations seem to be fair as they are 3) Intent to discriminate is not always present |
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(pg80) Term:
Define indirect institutional discrimination |
“Consists of dominant-group practices having a harmful impact on members of a subordinate racial and ethnic group even though the organizationally or community prescribed norms or regulations guiding those actions have been established with no intent to harm”
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(pg80)
The following definition references which type of discrimination? indirect institutional discrimination or direct institutional discrimination: “Consists of dominant-group practices having a harmful impact on members of a subordinate racial and ethnic group even though the organizationally or community prescribed norms or regulations guiding those actions have been established with no intent to harm” |
indirect institutional discrimination
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(pg79) Term:
Define direct institutional discrimination |
Define direct institutional discrimination Is "[an] organizationally prescribed or community prescribed action that by intention, has a differential and negative impact on members of a subordinate racial and ethnic group”
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(pg79) Term:
Define isolate discrimination |
Define isolate discrimination is, “A harmful action taken intentionally by a member of a dominant racial or ethnic group against members of a subordinate racial group without the support of other members of the dominate group in the immediate social or community context”
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(pg79)
The following definition is which type of discrimination? Type A - isolate Type B – small group Type C – direct institutionalized Type D – indirect institutionalized “A harmful action taken intentionally by a member of a dominant racial or ethnic group against members of a subordinate racial group without the support of other members of the dominate group in the immediate social or community context” |
Type A - isolate
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(pg79) Term:
Define small group discrimination |
small group discrimination is, “A harmful action taken intentionally by a small number of dominant-group individuals acting in concert against members of subordinate racial and ethnic groups without the direct support of the norms and most social or community context”
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(pg79)
The following definition is which type of discrimination? Type A - isolate Type B – small group Type C – direct institutionalized Type D – indirect institutionalized Defined as, “A harmful action taken intentionally by a small number of dominant-group individuals acting in concert against members of subordinate racial and ethnic groups without the direct support of the norms and most social or community context” |
Type B - small group discrimination
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(pg79) (study note) A notable distinction between two similar terms, easy to miss…
The book definition of Type A – isolate discrimination differs from Type B – small group discrimination in a single aspect: ISOLATE is by an individual member, whereas SMALL-GROUP is by a “group”. Otherwise, the definitions are the same. |
Continue to the next card
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(pg 81)
True or false? red lining, steering, and property zoning are examples of an impact of institutional discrimination |
True
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(pg 84)
Recognize the relationship among power, prejudice, and discrimination. Note: This material is one of the "cognitive samples of behavior" so it will likely appear on the test. It is however not clearly presented in the text so it’ll be tricky for the test to postulate a question that relates clearly to the concept. It may be a good idea to tag the concept to some key word in the text, thereby mentally linking the “cognitive sample of behavior” by definition, to the best answer among the related choices provided. See the page text in full on the answer card and otherwise reference this to the support data on page 84 |
1) Power is at the core of discrimination. In order to discriminate, one must have some type/base of power over another individual group.
2) In most circumstances of discrimination, both power and prejudice lie beneath. However, power and prejudice do not always result in discrimination and nor is prejudice always present when discrimination occurs. 3) According to Robert Merton, an American sociologist, there is substantial evidence that suggests that prejudice and discrimination are not always linked. For support, reference the four (Merton) classifications concerning prejudice and discrimination on page 84 |
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(pg85)
Identify ways to reduce prejudice and discrimination. |
1) Persuasive communication
2) Education / Training 3) Intergroup contact and employee development 4) Simulation and experimental exercises |
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Does the oral surgeon have informal power when he is at the auto parts store?
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ummmmmm... no
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(pg 77) Multiple choice:
Which power is based on the knowledge, talent and skill of a leader? A) Expert Power B) Reverent Power C) Information Power |
A) Expert Power
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(pg 77) Multiple choice:
Which power is “Based on the ability of the leader to give out information that is necessary to the normal functioning of the organization or individual followers” ? A) Expert Power B) Reverent Power C) Information Power |
C) Information Power
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(pg77)
Channeling or withholding information is an effective way to control actions, True or False? |
True
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(pg 76)
List the THREE BASES of Formal Power |
a) Reward Power
b) Coercive Power c) Legitimate Power |
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(pg76) Term
Prejudice is… (4 Terms Listed) |
“Prejudice is an antipathy based upon faulty and inflexible generalization. It may be felt or expressed. It may be directed toward a group as a whole or toward an individual because he/she is a member of that group” (Allport)
“Prejudice is: Attitudes and beliefs involving a tendency to prejudge people, usually negative and usually on the basis of a single personal characteristic…” (Farley) |
Prejudice is: “An unreasonable negative attitude toward others because of their membership in a particular group. The quality that makes an attitude unreasonable is that it does not readily get modified when exposed to new and conflicting information” (Fishbein)
Prejudice is: “Preconceived judgment or opinion, an adverse opinion or learning formed without just grounds or before sufficient knowledge, an irrational attitude of hostility directed against an individual, a group, a rave, or their supposed characteristics. (Webster) |
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(pg 80)
True or False? this term, “Consists of dominant-group practices having a harmful impact on members of a subordinate racial and ethnic group even though the organizationally or community prescribed norms or regulations guiding those actions have been established with no intent to harm” Is the definition of Direct Institutionalized Discrimination? |
False, it is the definition of Indirect Institutionalized Discrimination
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(pg 82)
What are the four sources of discrimination? |
A) In Group versus Out Group
B) Societal, organizational, and intergroup patterns of contact and norms for intergroup relations also known as social learning and conformity C) Individual contributions D) Socioeconomic status E) Integrated threat theory |
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(pg82)
Of the four sources of discrimination, the following is part of which source? Laws, regulations, policies, norms of segregation, mass media, educational system and the structure and functioning of work organizations. |
"societal, organizational, and intergroup patterns of contact and norms for intergroup relations"
READ the support material on page 82 for additional detail. |
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(pg 83)
Under the “sources of prejudice and discrimination”, be familiar with these sub terms… |
1) realistic threats: “Threats to political, economic, physical, or material well-being of in-group”
2) Symbolic threats, “Perceived threats to in-groups morals, values, standards, beliefs, and attitudes” 3) Intergroup anxiety: Fear about negative incomes of self, such as being embarrassed, rejected, or ridiculed. 4) Stereotypes: When expectations are negative, conflict or unpleasant interactions are likely to be anticipated |
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(pg 82)
Under the “sources of prejudice and discrimination”, socioeconomic status references… |
• Inverse relationship between education and prejudice
• Economic insecurity |
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(pg 82)
Individual contributions as “sources of prejudice and discrimination” are… |
Active (doing)
Inactive (seeing it but doing nothing about it, think about it but don’t act) |
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(pg 84) text familiarization:
What are the three references that relate to “The relationship among power, prejudice, and discrimination” |
1) Power is at the core of discrimination.
2) In most circumstances of discrimination, both power and prejudice lie beneath 3) There is substantial evidence to suggest that prejudice and discrimination are not always linked |
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Referencing “the relationship among power, prejudice, and discrimination” – Robert Merton developed four classifications concerning prejudice and discrimination. They are…
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A) Type 1 – unprejudiced, non discriminator (consistent behavior)
B) Type 2 - unprejudiced, discriminator (inconsistent behavior) C) Type 3 - prejudiced, non discriminator (inconsistent behavior) D) Type 4 - prejudiced, discriminator (consistent behavior) |
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