Dentures

Front 1

What is the pterygomaxillary notch also referred to as?

Back 1

The hamular notch

Front 2

Where are the fovea palatinae located?

Back 2

Near the middle of the palate. They are always in soft tissue, which makes them an ideal guide for the location of the posterior border of the denture

Front 3

What type of material is alginate?

Back 3

Alginate is an irreversible hydrocolloid

Front 4

What is the vibrating line?

Back 4

The vibrating line is an imaginary line drawn across the palate that marks the beginning of motion in the soft palate when an individual says “ah.” It extends from one hamular notch to the other. At the midline, it usually passes about 2 mm in front of the fovea palatinae.

Front 5

What type of gypsum is used to pour preliminary models?

Back 5

Type II gypsum

Front 6

Should you flip your model upside down on its base immediately after pouring it?

Back 6

No the initial pour might break in the tray

Front 7

What is the setting time for fast set alginate?

Back 7

1-2 minutes

Front 8

What provides the main support for the lower denture?

Back 8

The buccal shelf

Front 9

What type of material do we use to make the preliminary impressions?

Back 9

Irreversible hydrocolloid (alginate)

Front 10

What is impression compound?

Back 10

Impression compound is a thermoplastic material with a high viscosity

Front 11

Why is wax placed over the preliminary cast before the tray is made?

Back 11

It creates space for the impression material

Front 12

Why are we so picky about the handle on the custom impression tray?

Back 12

To avoid distending the lips because it would distort the impression

Front 13

What do we use for border molding material?

Back 13

Thermoplastic material called stick compound

Front 14

What does thermoplastic mean?

Back 14

Heat softens and cold hardens

Front 15

The border molding material should not extend over the intaglio (inside) surface of the impression tray except in one area. That area is:

Back 15

Posterior palatal area

Front 16

After making the final impression, the master cast is made. Before pouring it, it is recommended to bead and box the impression. What is the reason for doing this?

Back 16

To create a land area for the final cast and to ensure an adequate base

Front 17

Before making the final impression, your custom tray is border molded. What is the purpose for doing this?

Back 17

To capture the depth of the vestibule of both max & mand

also the sulcus of the mandibular impression

Front 18

What type of gypsum product should you use to pour your final impression?

Back 18

Type III gypsum (microstone)

Front 19

When border molding the impression tray, the border molding material should not be allowed to stay on the intaglio (inside) surface except in one area. That area is:

Back 19

The posterior palatal seal area

Front 20

One of the most important areas to capture in the upper impression is the posterior palatal seal area. What is the p.p.s.?

Back 20

It is the area on the posterior part of the maxillary denture that has a positive shape onto the palate and looks like a cupids bow

Front 21

What are 3 functions of the posterior palatal seal?

Back 21

1. Decrease atmospheric pressure

2. Increase Retention

3. Keeps food from entering the denture

Front 22

The extent of the PPS is defined by the type of throat form. Three types have been described. Which is the most favorable for us to work with?

Back 22

Type I
because the throat goes back allowing for the posterior vibrating line to 4.5 mm beyond the fovea palatinae

Front 23

The posterior extent of the PPS is defined by:

Back 23

posterior vibrating line from hamular notch to hamular notch

Front 24

One guideline as to the location of the PPS is the fovea palitinae. This landmark is found on the:

Back 24

Soft palate

Front 25

What is an impression?

Back 25

A negative of the original

Front 26

What is the setting time for slow set alginate?

Back 26

3-4.5 minutes

Front 27

What is a disadvantage of alginate?

Back 27

Tears easily

Front 28

What are 3 defects that can be seen in an alginate impression?

Back 28

1. air pockets
2. fissures
3. pits

Front 29

Where are the foveae palatinae located?

Back 29

Posterior section of maxilla near palatine seal, mid-sagitally located

Front 30

What are 3/4 of the stages in the set of dental gypsum?

Back 30

a. plastic
b. friable
c. fluid

Front 31

Where would we want a thicker layer of impression material?

Back 31

Non-load bearing areas

Front 32

What is the primary bearing area on the maxilla?

Back 32

Hard palate

Front 33

Name three of the requirements for custom tray fabrication at CWRU

Back 33

a. No undercuts, tray is easily placed and removed
b. Accurate reproduction of tissue structure
c. Handles must not interfere with lips

Front 34

T/F Undercuts on the primary cast should be relieved prior to fabrication of the custom trays

Back 34

True

Front 35

What is the primary bearing area on the mandibular edentulous arch?

Back 35

Buccal Shelf

Front 36

What is diagnosis defined as?

Back 36

Collection of clinical data

Front 37

What is the least favorable throat form?

Back 37

Class III

Front 38

What are the % ingredients of each border molding compound in stick form?

Back 38

40% resin
50% filler
7% wax
3% organic acid

Front 39

What is different about a heavy bodied impression material like polyether for border molding?

Back 39

Placed all at one time & inserted & manipulated

Front 40

What are 2 different methods of muscle manipulation in border molding?

Back 40

Physiologic manipulation
Manual manipulation

Front 41

In border molding the lower custom tray, when you have your patient extend their tongue and move it from side to side, what muscle does this activate?

Back 41

Mylohyoid muscle

Front 42

What is the purpose of border molding?

Back 42

Border molding is the process by which the shape of the border of the tray is made to conform accurately to the contours of the buccal and labial vestibules.

Front 43

Name an area that needs to be relieved or carved as the border is molded?

Back 43

Retromolar pad to prevent soft tissue irritation

Front 44

The dental stick compound flows when it is applied and becomes solid when cooled. What is this quality of material known as?

Back 44

Themoplastic

Front 45

When the junction of the hard and soft palates are seen from a lateral cross section view, it is divided into three classes. Describe each class

Back 45

Class I mostly flat junction
Class II Intermediate angle forms the junction between the hard & soft palate
Class III Angle between the hard and soft palate is sharp

Front 46

What is the purpose of border molding?

Back 46

To capture the depth of the vestibule in the max and mand

The sulcus of the mand impression

Front 47

What is the difference between an arcon and non-arcon articulator?

Back 47

Arcon has the TMJ fossa element laid as part of the upper apparatus

(An articulator with the equivalent condylar guides fixed to the upper member and the hinge axis to the lower member, an instrument that maintains a constant relationship between the occlusal plane and the arcon guides at any position of the upper member, thereby making possible more accurate reproductions of mandibular movements)

Non-Arcon has the TMJ fossa element as part of the lower apparatus

Front 48

The exteer

Back 48

The external auditory meatus & the nasion in reference to the maxillary dentition (in a horizontal plane of reference)

Front 49

In making the final impression of the maxilla, several areas that are difficult to obtain, but are important is the denture will be successful. What are these spots?

Back 49

Coranoid Contour
Maxillary tuberosity
Pterygomaxillary seal in the area of the hamular notch

Front 50

In the mandibular impression there are also several areas that are often either missed or the impression is insufficient. These are also very important to the success of the lower denture. What are these?

Back 50

Retromolar fossa
Lingual Flange
Buccal shelf

Front 51

T/F When teeth are removed the bone resorbs. It resorbs faster in the maxilla than the mandible.

Back 51

False the mandible resorbs faster than the maxilla

Front 52

We emphasize capturing the retromolar pad in the impression, and yet in practice much of the time dentists pay little attention to this landmark. They evidently do not remember that this little pad helps share the vertical force w/the alveolar bone and _________________

Back 52

Look this one up and put answer here

Front 53

In the mandible, _________ bounded medially by the crest of the residual ridge, laterally by the external oblique ridge, and distally by the retromolar pad.

Back 53

Buccal Shelf

Front 54

What is the intaglio?

Back 54

The area on the tissue side (inner part) of the denture

Front 55

What is the cameo?

Back 55

The area on the labial side (outer part) of the denture

(the viewable portion of a removable denture prosthesis; the portion of the surface of a denture that extends in an occlusal direction from the border of the denture and includes the facial, lingual, and palatal surface. It is the part of the denture base that is usually polished, and includes the buccal and lingual surfaces of the teeth)

Front 56

What muscle dictates to a great deal the depth of the vestibule (mucobuccal turn, peripheral turn) of the denture (both maxillary and mandibular dentures)

Back 56

Buccinator

Front 57

We have now arrived at the third appt w/our patient. You have made your record bases and the wax occlusal rims. What are two things that you will look for when contouring the WORs for your patient and fitting it?

Back 57

Look to see if the angulation is correct by the lip position
Check the verticle dimensions of the WORs

Front 58

Your maxillary WOR is 22 mm in length from the peripheral turn to the edge of the WOR in the lateral/canine region. It is to be 18 mm in length from the peripheral turn to the incisal edge in the lateral/canine region on the lower WOR. Why do we use these dimensions as a starting point for the vertical dimension?

Back 58

We use these because most people have a verticle dimension of 40 mm + or - a few mm, unless they are an unusual case

Front 59

One of the things we are doing at this third appt is obtaining the vertical dimension of the lower 1/3 of the face. The first thing we will do is obtain the verticle dimension of rest. What are the 2 methods of obtaining this V.D.R.?

Back 59

???

Front 60

How do you define the physiological rest position?

Back 60

It is the position where the teeth and jaw rest when the individual is relaxed. The position is 2mm below the verticle dimension of occlusion

Front 61

After we obtain the V.D. of rest we want to then create the V.D. of occlusion. This difference will create a space between the occlusal and incisive surfaces of the WOR and hence the teeth. This space is called __________

Back 61

Interocclusal space

Front 62

T/F CR is determined by the TMJ structures and not the dentition.

Back 62

True

Front 63

T/F Centric occlusion is the occlusion of opposing teeth when the mandible is in CR.

Back 63

True

Front 64

Centric relation is the vertical reference position of the mandible that can routinely be assumed by edentulous patients under the direction of the dentist/

Back 64

False
Centric relation is a HORIZONTAL reference position

Front 65

There is a difference in dimension between vertical dimension of rest and vertical dimension of occlusion. This dimension is:

Back 65

2-4 mm

Front 66

Several tests are used to establish the vertical dimension of occlusion by means of wax occlusal rims. They are: a) judgment of overall facial support; b) visual observation of the space between the rims when the jaws are at rest; c) measurement between dots on the face when the jaws are at rest and when the occlusion rims are in contact; d) Observations when the "s" sound is enunciated accurately and repeatedly - the average "speaking space"

This speaking space is not the same as the vertical dimension of rest. It is 1.5-3 mm on average with Class I jaw relationship. It is usually greater in Class II patients and less in Class III patients

Back 66

True

Front 67

When establishing the occlusal plane on the upper wax occlusal rim with a patient there are 2 lines that can aid in this exercise:

Back 67

1. Interpupillary line
2. Ala-tragus line

Front 68

On the typodonts we have given arbitrary dimensions for the upper and lower WOR. The upper rim in humans will vary in vertical length and are used to help determine the incisal edge length. This length will usually be _____ the lip line of a patient 60 years of age.

Back 68

Above

Front 69

A facebow is used to locate the __________ hinge axis of the mandible.

Back 69

Arbitrary

Front 70

When obtaining the CR interocclusal records, the posterior portion of the lower WOR is relieved so as not to touch the upper rim. This is done so as not to create pressure on the posterior region. Allow essentially 3 points of contact the two condyles seated in the glenoid fossa and the anterior "stop" of the WORs

Back 70

True

Front 71

What are the 2 reasons for boxing a final impression?

Back 71

To get a thick enough base
Prevent inverting cast

Front 72

What is the desired depth of the sulcus from the future landing area in the final cast?

Back 72

2-3 mm

Front 73

What should the thickness of the base of your final impression cast be?

Back 73

15 mm

Front 74

What should the dimensions of your land area be?

Back 74

1-2 mm deep
3-4 mm wide

Front 75

What is the most common reason for having to repeat an impression due to?

Back 75

incorrect positioning of the tray

Front 76

What muscle should the custom tray accomodate when the floor of the mouth is raised?

Back 76

Mylohyoid

Front 77

What is the proper shape of the 3 grooves placed in your model prior to mounting?

Back 77

V shape
Wide and deep enough
No undercuts

Front 78

When making your triad base where should you cut off the excess?

Back 78

at the border of the peripheral turn (edge of land area)

Front 79

What is the dimension for the WOR from peripheral turn to incisal edge in lateral region?

Back 79

22 mm

Front 80

What should the anterior and posterior dimensions when shaping the occlusal surface of the WOR?

Back 80

Anterior 6-8 mm wide
Posterior 8-10 mm wide

(don't make too wide)

Front 81

When shaping the mandibular WOR, what is the labial dimension from peripheral turn to lateral incisor region?

Back 81

18 mm

Front 82

Where should you place your mark for the retromolar pad height?

Back 82

1/2 - 2/3 from base of retromolar pad

Front 83

After your WOR is complete you should make a removable index. What is this?

Back 83

Removable index can serve as a check when you are setting the teeth, so as to maintain the desired position

Front 84

What are the 2 methods for mounting the casts?

Back 84

The face bow transfer
The Stratus Horizontal guide

Front 85

How should the horizontal guide be placed on your model?

Back 85

Set anterior gauge to 18 mm, so the fork straddles labial frenum area.
Posterior arm position on 2/3 mark (of retromolar pad)

The retromolar pad should be marked at the base and 2/3 up

Front 86

Where should the horizontal guide be attached to?

Back 86

Attached to the instrument carrier and secured to the UPPER member of the articulator

Front 87

What are the requirements for your master cast?

Back 87

a. The full palate extending posterior to the posterior vibrating line
b. The entire activated muccobuccal fold to a depth of 1-2 mm
c. the full hamular notch
d. The entire alveolar ridge
e. The activated frena attachments
f. There must be no scratches on the anatomy of the master cast
g. There must be no voids or positive bubbles on the master cast

Front 88

What are the requirements for Lip Support?

Back 88

Contour the labial inclination of the WOR so that the lip seems supported according to the patient's profile.

Filtrum should be 90 deg to the columnella of the nose

Front 89

What mark extends the estimated incisal edge of the anterior teeth?

Back 89

Parallel to the interpupillary line: Extend the mark horizontally to parallel the interpupillary line.
(I think interpupillary means in the midline between the eyes {maybe your philtrum is a good reference})

Front 90

What is demonstrated in this picture and how is it applicable to contouring your wax occlusal rim?

Back 90

Ala-tragus line
Mark the upper wax occlusion rim posteriorly so that the occlusal plane will be basically parallel with a line from the ala of the nose to the tragus of the ear.

Front 91

Once you have made your Interpupillary line and your Ala-Tragus line, what should you do next?

Back 91

Reduce the upper wax occlusion rim to the marks with the hotplate

Front 92

What should the height of the Maxillary WOR be?

Back 92

22 mm

Front 93

What should the facial contour on the Maxillary WOR from cuspid to cuspid be?

Back 93

Proclined 10-degrees

Front 94

What should the buccal contours on the Maxillary WOR be?

Back 94

Buccal contours converge slightly (3-4 mm distance inside the peripheral border of the record base)

Front 95

What is significant regarding the posterior wax rim on a Maxillary WOR?

Back 95

Posterior wax rim trimmed at a 45 degree angle so it extends anterior to the maxillary tuberosity

Front 96

How much inclination is on the Anterior rim of a Mandibular WOR?

Back 96

Anterior rim 0 degree inclination

Front 97

How much inclination is on the Posterior rim of a Mandibular WOR?

Back 97

Posterior rim 10-15 degree inclination

Front 98

Where is the posterior wax rim height on a Mandibular WOR?

Back 98

Level with a line drawn from anterior portion (18 mm height) to a point 1/2 to 2/3 up the retromolar pad.