Dentistry Anatomy Bds1

Front 1

what is an outpouching on the ileum or caecum called?

Back 1

meckrel's outpouching

Front 2

what rule can be applied to a meckrel's outpouching?

Back 2

rule of 2

Front 3

what cell types are present in a meckrel's diverticulum?

Back 3

gastric, pancreatic or colonic mucosa

Front 4

what is peritonitis and what causes it?

Back 4

inflammation of the peritoneum. caused by gastric tissue secreting HCL

Front 5

what is the function of the gall bladder?

Back 5

stores and concentrates bile

Front 6

what is the duct called that comes from the gall bladder?

Back 6

cystic duct

Front 7

what is bile?

Back 7

contains water,cholesterol, bile pigments, phospholipids and bicarbonate responsible for fat digestion

Front 8

what is a gall stone and what problems can they cause?

Back 8

crystalline bodies made of cholesterol or bilirubin and calcium salts

Front 9

what are the functional regions of the pancreas called?

Back 9

endocrine and exocrine

Front 10

what forms the bulk of the pancreas?

Back 10

exocrine

Front 11

what is the most common pathology to affect the pancreas?

Back 11

diabetes mellitus

Front 12

where does the blood in the hepatic portal vein arise from?

Back 12

gastrointestinal organs

Front 13

what is the blood supply for the pancreas and where do these arise from?

Back 13

superior and inerior pancreaticoduodenal arteries from gastroduodenal and superior mesenteric arteries

Front 14

what vessels unite to form the hepatic portal vein?

Back 14

superior mesenteric and splenic veins

Front 15

where do anastomoses (joining vessels) occur?

Back 15

oesophagus and stomach which can become enlarged in portal hypertension

Front 16

what is portal hypertension and why is it so dangerous?

Back 16

increase in pressure in the liver and can result in raised pressure in the oesophagus and gastric vessels which may rupture resulting in haematosis

Front 17

what divisions of the gut does the coeliac trunk supply?

Back 17

foregut

Front 18

what divisions of the gut does the superior mesenteric artery supply?

Back 18

mid-gut

Front 19

what are the lobes of the liver called?

Back 19

left and right caudate and quadrate

Front 20

what is the function of the liver?

Back 20

filter blood

Front 21

where does the bile produced in the liver open into the intestinal trunk?

Back 21

sphincter of oddi

Front 22

what is the arterial supply of the liver?

Back 22

hepatic artery

Front 23

where does the arterial supply of the liver arise from?

Back 23

coealic trunk

Front 24

what is the region called where all these structures enter the liver?

Back 24

porta hepatis

Front 25

what is the round ligament of the liver?

Back 25

remnant of the umbilical vein

Front 26

in foetal life what passed through a patent round ligament and what was the purpose of it?

Back 26

bypass the liver to allow nutrients to reach the foetus directly rather than being processed in the liver

Front 27

what comprises the pharyngeal plexus and what type of fibres are present in it?

Back 27

glossopharyngeal and vagus nerves comprising motor and sensory fibres primarily

Front 28

name the pharyngeal constrictors, how do they differ in their muscular arrangement compared to the rest of the gastrointestinal tract?

Back 28

superior, middle and inferior constrictors. they have inner longitudinal and outer circular arrangements of muscle

Front 29

what role do the pharyngeal constrictors perform and what would happen if their nerve supply was damaged? how might you test for this clinically?

Back 29

contraction of pharynx. inability for food to pass down sufficiently. ask the patient to say ahh as the same nerves also supply the uvula

Front 30

what type of epithelium is present in the oesophagus?

Back 30

stratified squamous (non-keratinised)

Front 31

what layer of the oesophagus are blood vessels found?

Back 31

lamina propria

Front 32

what are the anatomical regions of the stomach?

Back 32

cardia, fundus, body and pylorus

Front 33

what attatches onto the greater curvature of the stomach?

Back 33

greater omentum

Front 34

what is contained within the greater omentum?

Back 34

adipose tissue,lymphatics, blood vessels and nerves

Front 35

what is the role of the greater omentum?

Back 35

encases infection

Front 36

how do the types of muscle vary throughout the oesophagus's length?

Back 36

upper skeletal, middle mixed, lower smooth

Front 37

what forms the lower oesophageal sphincter?

Back 37

diaphragm

Front 38

whats the nerve supply of the diaphragm?

Back 38

phrenic (C345)

Front 39

what is the function of temporalis?

Back 39

elevation and retraction of mandible

Front 40

what is the nerve supply of temporalis?

Back 40

trigeminal nerve

Front 41

what is the function of the buccinators and the nerve supply?

Back 41

maintains food in th middle of the oral cavity. facial nerve

Front 42

what common pathology may result in buccinators not functioning and what are the functional consequences for the patient?

Back 42

stroke. drooling

Front 43

what are the proximal and distal attatchments of the masseter muscle?

Back 43

zygomatic arch and mandible

Front 44

what is the function of the masseter?

Back 44

elevation of mandible

Front 45

what is the nerve supply of the masseter?

Back 45

trigeminal nerve

Front 46

how would you clinically test the integrity of the masseter?

Back 46

get patient to clench teeth and feel muscle bulk and power

Front 47

how do the secretions the parotid gland produces enter the oral cavity?

Back 47

pass through buccinators to open opposite 2nd upper molar tooth

Front 48

what nerve pases through the parotid gland?

Back 48

facial nerve

Front 49

what type of secretion does the parotid gland produce?

Back 49

serous

Front 50

what are the 2 lower salivary glands called and what do the secrete?

Back 50

sublingual=mucous and submandibular= mixed

Front 51

identify the different components of the pharynx?

Back 51

nasopharynx, laryngeal, oral

Front 52

what are the anatomical boundaries of the nasopharynx?

Back 52

base of skull and soft palate

Front 53

what type of lymphoid tissues are closely related to the auditory tube?

Back 53

pharyngeal and tubular tonsils

Front 54

what does the auditory tube communicate with and why is it such a problem in children?

Back 54

middle ear. it is shorter and straighter allowing easier acces for infection

Front 55

what are the folds on the inner lining of the stomach called?

Back 55

rugae

Front 56

what are the differences in cell types in the various regions of the stomach called?

Back 56

cardie-mucous body-peretalcalls pylorus-mucous

Front 57

what is the material called when it is churned up in the stomach?

Back 57

chyme

Front 58

embryologically what are the divisions of the gut referred to as and what classification does the stomach come under?

Back 58

foregut, midgut and hindgut. foregut

Front 59

what cell types exist in the gastric lining and what are their functions?

Back 59

see lecture

Front 60

what type of muscle fibre is the diaphragm composed of?

Back 60

skeletal

Front 61

what nerve provides inervation to the disphragm?

Back 61

phrenic nerve

Front 62

what are the nerve roots of the phrenic nerve?

Back 62

cervical nerves 3-5

Front 63

why does the nerve supply of the diaphragm arise so far away from it?

Back 63

during folding of the embryo the diaphragm is caudal (lower end) to the heart at the level of the cervical vertebrae. during the further development the dorsal aspect of the embryo grows faster than the ventral pulling the diaphragm down with its nerve supply from the cervical region

Front 64

what comprises the thoracic cage?

Back 64

12 pairs of ribs, manubrium, sternum and xiphoid process

Front 65

what bone is the jugular notch found on and when is this landmark used clinically?

Back 65

superior border of the manubrium. used for palpitation of the trachea to assess its position

Front 66

what is the manubriosternal joint used to identify?

Back 66

2nd rib

Front 67

how many pairs of ribs are there?

Back 67

12

Front 68

what are the 3 classifications of ribs and how many are in each?

Back 68

1-7 true 8-10 false and 11 and 12 are floating

Front 69

what are the different components of the sternum?

Back 69

manubrium, sternum and xiphoid process

Front 70

what vessels are found lateral to the sternum?

Back 70

internal thoracic vessels

Front 71

what do the internal thoracic vessels supply and drain?

Back 71

intercostal muscles and skin overlying chest

Front 72

what clinical application do the arteries from the sternum site serve as an excellent donor for?

Back 72

coronary artery bypass grafting

Front 73

what is the mediastinum?

Back 73

group of structures in the thoracic cavity excluding the lungs

Front 74

the structures found in the mediastinum are loosely bound by connective tissue what is the clinical relevance of this?

Back 74

allows for cushioning, a small degree of movement and is clinically relevant in that infection and tumours can spread rapidly throughout this vast communicating area

Front 75

what are the subdivisions of the mediastinum?

Back 75

superior and inferior. inferior is subdivided into anterior, middle and posterior

Front 76

where does blood in the right atrium come from, what vessel brings this blood into the right Atrium?

Back 76

whole body vie superior and inferior venae cavae. deoxygenated

Front 77

where does blood in the left atrium come from? what vessel brings it?

Back 77

lungs, left and right pulmonary veins, oxygenated

Front 78

what embryological remnant can be seen in the right atrium?

Back 78

fossa ovalis

Front 79

what role did the fossa ovalis have in foetal circulation?

Back 79

allowed blood to pass from right to left atrium bypassing the lungs

Front 80

what vessels unite to form the superior vena cava?

Back 80

laft and righ brachiocephalic valve