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86 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Objectives for obtaining a medical history |
1. require antibiotics or other premedications 2. info about systemic conditions which have oral manifestations (ex. diabetes, cancer) 3. awareness of conditions which necessitates precautions 4. emotional and psychological factors 5. aids in necessary referrals |
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Objectives for obtaining a dental history |
1. graphic representation of the overall dental or periodontal conditions as they exist 2. contributes to the prevention of oral diseases by early recognition of deviations 3. Assists dentist in making diagnosis and treatment plan 4. Provides information for continuing records of clients condition 5. Defines areas of instruction needing emphasis to understand oral health problems 6. Permanent record to protect dental practive 7. Reference for the identification of a client in case of emergency |
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Signs |
Objective ex. fever, swelling, changes in color |
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Symptoms |
Subjective ex. nausea, pain, itching |
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Obtaining a medical and dental history |
1. Questionnaire 2. Interviewing client 3. Combination of both |
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APIE |
Assessment Plan Implement Evaluate |
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Dental records keeping guidelines |
Royal College of dental surgeons of ontario (RCDSO) purpose: -to provide routine dental treatment which may include local anaesthesia -may need to expand on a medical condition which requires specific protocol |
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Dental charts types; anatomic and geometric |
Anatomic: Include drawings of teeth with surface characteristics and roots represented in their natural relative sizes Geometric: diagrammatic representations of each tooth divided to provide an area for each surface. Omits roots. |
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Significance of medical history |
- Allergies - Antibiotics prior to surgery - Emotional psychology factor |
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Retention of dental records |
keep records 10 years past the age of 18 |
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Copies of dental claim forms (insurance) |
Maintained for at least two years from the date the claim was provided to the patient |
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Acrylic |
Ac Organic resin from which various types of dental restorations, prostheses and appliances are constructed |
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Alloy |
Substance consisting of two or more metals |
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Bridge |
Fixed prosthetic device consisting of artificial teeth (pontics) that are supported by attaching them to abutment teeth |
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Composite restorations |
Co - Created in dental lab by indirect technique - Include inlays, onlays and veneers - Stronger than those created in mouth |
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Cement |
Ce - Temp filling, consisting of one of a variety of cement materials available - When used as a sole filling material, are inadequate in that they leak quickly and wash out of the cavity preparation |
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Ceramic |
Material composed of a metal chemically bonded to a non metal |
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Composite (resin) |
Co - used for tooth coloured dental restorations - easily shaped, matches natural tooth color and can be bonded directly to the tooth - strong enough to withstand the harsh environment of the mouth - Used in ant. region b/c of its aesthetic quality |
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Composite resin veneer |
Veneer of composite resin that is bonded to the tooth surface |
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Direct restoration |
A restoration which is created in the mouth while the material is soft and can be adapted to fit the tooth ex. amalgam and composite |
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Fixed Bridge |
-Prothesis which is used to replace one or more adjacent teeth in the same arch -Cemented into place and cannot be removed by client |
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Full crown, cast crown |
- A cast restoration that covers the entire anatomic crown of an individual tooth to its original contour and function - Used to restore glossy decayed or fractured teeth - Crowns are used as abutments to support a fixed bridge - restorative material used : gold (G), porcelain fused to metal (PFM), Porcelain (PJC), Stainless steel (SS) |
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Gold |
GF Fine type of restoration which has the clinical appearance of a gold inlay |
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Indirect restoration |
- Created in the dental lab from precise impressions of the prepared tooth - casting is hard and cannot be shaped - finished casting is bonded and cemented |
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inlay |
- A cast restoration designed to fit into a preparation within a tooth - May restore one surface or a class II restoration, may cover a portion of occlusal and proximal surfaces - Gold, porcelain and composite resins may be used |
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Onlay |
- Cast restoration designed to fit into a preparation within a tooth - Cover proximal surfaces and occlusal surface - Gold, porcelain and composite resins may be used |
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Pontic |
Artificial tooth that replaces a missing natural tooth |
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Prothesis |
Replacement for a missing body part ex. fixed bridge, denture |
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Sealant |
S A resin material used to seal developmental pits and fissures to protect against caries |
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Silicate |
Si - Whitish material used in the past in the anterior teeth - tends to "wash out" of the cavity preparation it is rarely used or seen |
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Veneer |
- Thin layer of tooth coloured material (composite or porcelain) that is bonded or cemented to the prepared tooth surface |
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Circuit I |
- Soft tissue examination |
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Circuit II |
- Intense local examination for abnormalities Missing and Misplaced Teeth Eruption Lines (for mixed dentition) Abnormal Surfaces of teeth Abnormalities of the gingiva and periodontal membrane |
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Circuit III |
Mobility of teeth |
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Circuit IV |
Caries - Incipient - Questionable lesions - Primary or initial caries requiring treatment - Recurrent or secondary caries requiring treatment - Overhanging restoration |
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Circuit V |
Contacts - Diastema (indicate width in mm) - Loose - Open |
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Circuit VI |
Percussion Vitality: cold, electrical, head |
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Circuit VII |
Occlusion |
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Radiology Circuit |
Overhangs Fractures Impactions Periapical abnormality, including abscessess Retained root Supernumerary teeth |
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Dental caries |
Demineralization and decalcification of the inorganic portion and proteolysis of the organic portion |
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Primary caries |
Initial caries on a surface which has not been previously affected |
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Secondary or Recurrent Caries |
- Caries adjacent to or beneath the margin of an existing restoration; that is a tooth surface which was previously carious or restored |
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Incipient caries |
- Beginning stage of decay - Only affects enamel - can repair itself through remineralization |
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Arrested Caries |
- Carious lesion that does not appear to be progressing any further, lost enamel cannot reform - Restoration may be required |
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Root Caries |
- Involving the cementum of the root - Susceptible to decay |
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Rampant caries |
- Cavities occurring in numerous teeth over a short period of time - occurs in high risk patients |
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Simple caries |
Cavity involves only one tooth surface |
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Compound Caries |
Cavity involves two surfaces |
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Complex Caries |
Cavity involves 3 or more surfaces |
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Diagnosis |
Scientific evaluation of existing conditions 1. collect data 2. select important data 3. logical process of education 4. statement of opinion |
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Prognosis |
what do you expect to happen |
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Treatment Planning |
Determination and administration of a rational plan of treatment |
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Record most assessment finding |
IN BLUE |
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Record conditions which require treatment |
IN RED |
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Blacks Classification of caries Class I |
Pits and fissures Premolars; occlusal Molars; occlusal, buccal, lingual Incisors; lingual |
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Blacks Classification of caries Class II |
Proximal surface caries Premolars; mesial distal Molars; mesial, distal |
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Blacks Classification of caries Class III |
Decay in b/w anterior teeth Incisors; mesial, distal Canines; mesial, distal |
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Blacks Classification of caries Class IV |
Decay in b/w anterior teeth with incisal angle Incisors and Canines; Mesial, distal, incisal edge/angle of the tooth |
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Blacks Classification of caries Class V |
All teeth; Gingival 3rd of facial or lingual surface (smooth surface decay) |
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Blacks Classification of caries Class VI |
Cusp tips Ant. teeth; incisial edge Post. teeth; occlusal surface |
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Missing teeth on chart Congenitally missing teeth on chart |
missing are boxed out CM + boxed out |
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Frenectomy VS Frenotomy |
Complete removal of frenum VS Partial removal of frenum |
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Generalized recession (circuit II) |
Atrophy of the gingival margin associated with inflammation or toothbrushing abrasion leads to loss of the interdental papillae and exposure of the anatomic root which makes it susceptible to root caries and sensitivity |
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Gingival sulcus |
- normally 1.5 - 3mm in depth -ends at the epithelial attachment (CEJ) |
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Gingival Hypertrophy |
Increase in the size of a tissue caused by size of cells |
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Gingival Hyperplasia |
Increase in the size of a tissue by an increase in number of cells |
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Hypertrophy vs Hyperplasia |
SIZE vs NUMBER |
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Gingival crater |
Formation of interdental depressions or craters in the gingival tissues Associated with acute necrotizing ulcerative gingivitis |
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Mucogingival Junction |
Marks connection b/w attached gingiva and the alveolar mucosa |
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Inadequate mucogingival junction |
When a periodontal pocket and/or recession extends to or beyond the mucogingival junction and into the alveolar mucosa |
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Stillman's Cleft |
A v-shaped notch or cleft in the marginal gingiva May be caused by incorrect toothbrushing or flossing |
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Periodontal pocket |
Occurs when disease causes gingival sulcus to become deeper than normal Measured with a periodontal probe |
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Attrition |
Wearing away of a tooth as a result of tooth to tooth contact usually by mastication occurs on occlusal, incisal and proximal surfaces |
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Bruxism |
Involuntary habit of grinding, clenching or clamping teeth |
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Abrasion |
Cervical third of root Mechanical wearing away of tooth Most commonly by horizontal tooth brushing, particularly in the cuspid and bicuspid Great for class V caries |
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Erosion |
Cervical third of crown appears smooth and shiny Chemical process Lingual surfaces affected by chronic vomiting Facial surfaces affected by atmospheric acid or acidic foods/beverages |
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Enamel Hypoplasia 3 types |
*Disturbance in the formation of the organic enamel matrix the resulting enamel is pited 1. Hereditary 2. Systemic 3. Local |
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Enamel Hypoplasia - Hereditary |
Amelogenesis Imperfecta enamel is partly or wholly missing both dentitions are affected |
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Enamel Hypoplasia - Systemic (environmental) |
May cause injury to the ameloblasts (enamel) during tooth development Contributing factors: high fever, congenital syphilis, birth injury, prematurity |
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Enamel Hypoplasia - Local |
Single tooth is affected Caused by trauma Clinical appearance is a yellow or brown intrinsic stain |
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Enamel Hypocalcification |
Deficiency in the mineral content of a calcified tissue ex enamel Results from a disturbance in the maturation Caused by systemic, local or hereditary Appears smooth, opaque |
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Splints |
Teeth can be splinted to keep them in a normal and stable position Uses: Permanent or fractured, loosene or avulsed teeth |
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Crowns |
protects the function of a tooth by providing strength to a large restoration made of - Fill gold, porcelain or PFM Types: full or 3/4 |
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Fixed bridge |
Cemented into place, designed to replace one or more adjoining missing teeth *Abutments anchor the bridge *Pontics replace missing teeth |
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Abutments vs Pontics |
Anchor the bridge vs replace missing teeth |
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Maryland bridge |
Usually for Max Anteriors |
