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36 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What antiviral blocks chemokine receptor CCR5 and prevents the functional viral envelope protein-co-receptor interaction?
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Maraviroc (Selzentry)
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What antiviral inhibits integrase?
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Raltegavir
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Which antivirals are NNRTIs?
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-Nevirapine
-Delviridine -Efavirenz |
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What antiviral is used for both HIV and Hep B?
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Adefovir
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What antiviral and an acyclic guanine nucleoside that inhibits DNA polymerase and is used for topically or orally herpes simplex I/II ?
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Acyclovir
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What antiviral breaks DNA strands and causes mistakes during transcription and is used in ocular HSV infections and topical herpes simplex I keratitis?
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Idoxuridine and Trifluridine
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Which antiviral inhibits dna polymerase and is used for CMV retinitis in immune patients?
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Ganciclovir
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Which antiviral inhibits DNA polymerase and HIV RT and is used IV for CMV retinitis and herpes infection in AIDS pt?
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Foscarnet
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Which antiviral is used for bronchitis pneumonia and for influence A/B and is a purine analogue that prevents mRNA capping?
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ribavirin
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What antiviral is used as a 3% topical cream for the tx of HSV keratitis and it inhibits dna polymerase?
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Vidarabine
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What antiviral is used as an aerosol for the tx of bronchitis pneumonia?
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Ribavirin
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What is an adverse effect of foscarnet?
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nephrotoxicity and electrolyte disturbances
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What antiviral is given in combination with AZT for AIDS pts with CD4 <300 ?
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Zalcitabine (ddC)
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Which mechanism of action of antiseptics and disinfectants is antiseptic and not anticidal?
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those that interfere with specific metabolic processes
- protein dentaruring and osmotic disruption are cidal mechanisms |
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What are the side effects of Iodine?
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skin discoloration and painful on open wounds
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What is the % of sodium hypochlorite in household bleach?
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5.2%
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What bacteria is somewhat resistant to hypochlorite (household bleach) ?
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tubercle bacilli
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What is the mechanism of glutaraldehyde?
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it crosslinks proteins
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What side effect can gluteraldehyde have?
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can cause occupational asthma
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What % solutions of gluteraldehyde are active against tubercle bacilli, spores, viruses, and fungi?
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2-3%
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How many hours of immersion are required when using gluteraldehyde as a "cold sterilant"
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10 hours
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Which antiseptic is useful when the complete removal of tissue and debris is not possible?
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phenols
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What is the active phenolic component in oil of cloves?
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Eugenol
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What is the adverse effect of prolongued treatment with oil of cloves?
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leads to tissue damage when abused for it's anesthetic effects
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What is the use of adding Gantrex to Triclosan?
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retentive agent
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What effects does Triclosan have ?
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It has antimicrobial activity through protein denaturation and also antiinflammatory activity
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What is problem with alcohol when used as a disinfectant?
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If there is too much bioburden, it will denature and percipitate proteins thus decreasing the antimicrobial activity and coat organims which protects them.
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Chlorhexidine is more active against what type of bacteria?
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G(+)
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What are the side effects of chlorhexidine?
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staining teeth, calculus formation, altered taste
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What percent of chlorhexidine is approved for use by FDA?
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0.12%
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What percent oh hydrogen peroxide is needed to sporicidal activity?
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10-30%
- 3% for vegetable bacteria |
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What are the side effects of stannous flouride?
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stains teeth, ,bad taste, low stability
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What is an applications of flouride besides prevention of dental caries?
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treatment of osteoporosis
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What % reduction of caries is there from drinking flouridated water?
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-40-50% in primary dentition
-51-60% in permanent dentition |
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What does the dosage in prescribing flouride supplements depend in?
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age of child and existing flouride concentration in the water supply
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How much flouride should be given to a kid >5 yo ?
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not more than 0.7
age 3-5 = .5 age birth-3 = .25 |
