Dental Materials Week 1's Ppt Review - Classifications

Front 1

What are the 4 reasons hygienists should study Dental Materials?

Back 1

- To understand the behavior of materials

- To handle materials properly

- To assess and treat the patient

- To educate the patient

Front 2

Why should hygienists understand the behavior of materials?

Back 2

- Helps in delivering quality care

- Understand why specific materials behave as they do

- Understand why specific materials are used for certain functions in certain locations to replace missing oral tissues

Front 3

Why should hygienists understand the how to handle materials properly?

Back 3

- Improper handling can affect physical, chemical and mechanical properties.

Front 4

Why should hygienists study Dental Materials to assess and treat the patient?

Back 4

- Hygienists must be able to recognize all dental materials place in the mouth.

Front 5

Why should hygienists study Dental Materials to educate the patient?

Back 5

- Patients may ask the hygienist for information about properties and characteristics of dental materials or may ask steps for fabrication of certain types of restorations.

Front 6

What are biomaterials?

Back 6

• Biomaterials are man-made materials that are used to replace tissue or that function in intimate contact with living tissues.

Front 7

What are dental materials?

Back 7

• Dental materials are a biomaterial used in or around the oral cavity.

Front 8

What are characteristics of enamel?

Back 8

• hard and wear-resistant to compressive forces
• weak in bending forces
• will disolve in oral fluids if the pH is too acidic

Front 9

What are characteristics of dentin?

Back 9

• bulk of the tooth
• cushion for enamel
• provides strength to resist complex forces of biting
• more susceptible than enamel to acidic attacks

Front 10

What are characteristics of pulp?

Back 10

• provides nutrients to dentin
• responds to stimuli with pain or sensitivity

Front 11

What are characteristics of the periodontium?

Back 11

• supports the tooth
• provides feedback about force on the tooth

Front 12

What are characteristics of gingival tissues

Back 12

• important function is to seal out many noxious agents of the oral cavity including chemicals and microbes.

Front 13

When materials are selected to replace lost oral tissues, what must they be able to do?

Back 13

• minic their function(s)
• withstand the harsh oral environment

Front 14

What are some restrictions of dental materials?

Back 14

• Biting forces - may fracture teeth and replacement material
• Degradation of materials (corrosion of metal) and teeth
• Temperature changes - make restorations contract/expand different than teeth
• Biocompatibility - lack of harmful effects to patient
• Esthetic demands of patient

Front 15

What must dental hygienists know about the materials and the oral environment?

Back 15

• Dental materials may affect the oral environment
• The oral environment also affects the dental materials.

Front 16

What has dental materials science developed into?

Back 16

• its own discipline - new materials and techniques are constantly being developed.

Front 17

What are used for crowns, bridges, partials and implants?

Back 17

• gold, chromium, nickel, cobalt, and titanium

Front 18

What are alternatives for nearly every dental material?

Back 18

• Polymers and composites

Front 19

What has the 21's century brought to dental materials?

Back 19

• new ceramic materials
• processing technologies (CAD-CAM)
• new development and research - happening extremely fast

Front 20

What do standards describe? Who are they published by? What institution works under their guidance to represent dentistry?

Back 20

• Standards describe the properties of a product so that a user may select the proper material for the job.
• Standards are published by the American National Standards Institute (ANSI)
• American Dental Association works under their guidance to represent dentistry.

Front 21

Who develops the standards and guidelines for evaluating dental procedures?

What do they evaluate?

Back 21

• The Council on Scientific Affairs of the ADA
• Evaluates dental drugs, materials, instruments and equipment

Front 22

What does successful evaluation receive?

is it mandatory?

Back 22

• The ADA seal of acceptance
• It is voluntary

Front 23

What is the Medical Device Amendment of 1976

What are the three classes of regulation and an example of materials in in each class?

Back 23

Gives the U.S. FDA the authority to ensure the safety of all medical devices, including dental materials.

• Class I - Least regulated. Prophy paste / toothbrush
• Class II - Must meet certain Performance Standards and be equivalent to current products such as composite.
• Class III - most regulated, require pre-market approval, such as bone graft materials.

Front 24

What is the ISO? What does it attempt to unify? What does CR indicate?

Back 24

• International Standards Organization
• Attempts to unify standars throughout its member countries - their products carry CR marketing symbol
• indicates compliance with ISO and European Union requirements for dental products.

Front 25

How are dental materials classified?

Back 25

• Classified by use
• Classified by location of fabrication
• Classified by longevity of use

Front 26

Classification by Use:

1. Restorations

(Restriction, Support, Holding)

Back 26

• restricted to the physical size of the missing tooth surface
• supported by remaining tooth
• held by undercuts, adhesion or both.

Front 27

Classification by Use:

2. Crowns

(Use, Holding)

Back 27

• used to restore teeth when a substantial amount of tooth structure is missing
• Cemented into place.

Front 28

Classification by Use:

3. Bridges

(Use, Parts, Holding, AKA)

Back 28

• replaces a lost tooth or teeth
• abutment - the supporting teeth
• pontic - the false replacement tooth
• only crown portion of the tooth is replaced
• cemented into place like a crown
• aka - fixed partial denture

Front 29

Classification by Use:

4. Complete and Partial Denture

(Definition, Use, Holding)

Back 29

• A prosthesis - an artificial device that replaces a lost organ or tissue
• replaces missing teeth, bone, and gingiva after teeth have been lost or extracted
• partial dentures are used if some teeth are present in an arch - secured by metal clasps that hang onto several remaining teeth to stabilize it.

Front 30

Classification by Use:

5. Impressions, Casts and Modles

(Definitions)

Back 30

• impression - negative copy to construct a precise replica of the supporting tissues - filled with material
• cast - replica used to construct restorations
• model - replica used to study the size and position of the oral tissues - aka study model or diagnostic cast

Front 31

Classification by Use:

6. Cements

(Uses)

Back 31

• As luting agents - the same as gluing two objects together - used to cement crowns, bridges or inlays
• As bases and liners - to protect the pulp from irritating materials and provide thermal insulation.

Front 32

Classification by Use:

7. Temporary Materials

(Uses)

Back 32

• Temporary crowns- made to protect tooth until permanent crown comes back from the laboratory.
• In cases with deep decay - to see if the pulp will heal or if the tooth will need a root canal or other treatment

Front 33

Classification by Use:

8 Preventative Materials

(Uses, Examples)

Back 33

• to prevent disease or trauma
• include sealants, mouthguards and fluoride trays

Front 34

Classification by Use:

9. Polishing Materials

(Use, Example)

Back 34

• to remove plaque and debris fro mthe tooth
• a rubber cup with abrasive agent = polishing

Front 35

Classification by Use:

10. Implants

(Definition, Use)

Back 35

• Screws or posts anchored into alveolar bone
• Replace the root portion of a lost tooth

Front 36

Classification by Use:

11. Specialty Materials

(Definition, Examples)

Back 36

• materials that are unique to specific fields.
• sutures, ortho bands

Front 37

Classification by Location of Fabrication:

Direct Restoration

(Definition, Examples)

Back 37

• Constructed directly in the oral cavity
• includes amalgam, composite, glass ionomers, and other cements.

Front 38

Classification by Location of Fabrication:

Indirect Restoration

(Definition, Examples)

Back 38

• Materials fabricated outside the mouth
• Includes gold crowns and inlays/onlays, ceramic materials, indirect restorative polymers

Front 39

Classification by Longevity of Use:

Permanent Restorations

(Definition)

Back 39

• Not planning to replace.
• They are not permanent however because ALL restorative dentistry wears out and fails!

Front 40

Classification by Longevity of Use:

Temporary Restorations

(Definition)

Back 40

• Planning to replace in a short amount of time (i.e. a week or a moth)

Front 41

Classification by Longevity of Use:

Interim Restoration

(Definition, Reason for Use)

Back 41

• Long term temporary restorations.
• Waiting for specific reason to replace tooth (ortho, finances, fully erupted)

Front 42

Dr G.V Black's Classification of

Dental Caries and Restorations:

Class I

Back 42

• Pits and Fissures of Teeth

Front 43

Dr G.V Black's Classification of

Dental Caries and Restorations:

Class II

Back 43

• Interproximal region of posterior teeth

Front 44

Dr G.V Black's Classification of

Dental Caries and Restorations:

Class III

Back 44

• Interproximal region of anterior teeth
• DOES NOT involve the incisal edge

Front 45

Dr G.V Black's Classification of

Dental Caries and Restorations:

Class IV

Back 45

• Interproximal region of anterior teeth
• INVOLVES the incisal edge

Front 46

Dr G.V Black's Classification of

Dental Caries and Restorations:

Class V

Back 46

• Gingival third of anterior and posterior teeth

Front 47

Dr G.V Black's Classification of

Dental Caries and Restorations:

Class VI

Back 47

• Cusp tip or incisal edge of teeth