Dental Hygiene Boards

Front 1

where are primate spaces located

Back 1

in primary teeth between the mandibular canine & 1st molar, and between the maxillary lateral & canine

Front 2

what dental tissue in the tooth most closely resembles bone

Back 2

cementum

Front 3

characteristics of the maxillary lateral incisor

Back 3

(7/10):Root pointed at apex, deviated to distal, Lingual surface most concave of incisors, Peg shaped (called peg lateral), Lingual pit on root common, May be congenitally absent

Front 4

characteristics of the Mandibular lateral incisors

Back 4

23/26 :Crown tilted distally, Cingulum off center

Front 5

characteristics of the Maxillary canine

Back 5

(6/11): Mesial cusp ridge shorter than distal cusp ridge, Most stable, self cleansing tooth, Least often extracted

Front 6

characteristics of the Mandibular canine

Back 6

(22/27): Longest crown of all teeth1 root, can be bifurcated, Cusp displaced lingually, Mesial surface almost parallel to long axis of tooth, Only root that points mesially

Front 7

characteristics of the Maxillary 1st premolars

Back 7

(5/12): ONLY premolar with 2 roots, Mesial has deep cervical concavity (developmental depression)...he’s depressed because he’s the only one with 2 roots, NO PITS, Transverse ridge, Lingual cusp is shorter, B-L is greater than M-D

Front 8

characteristics of the Maxillary 2nd premolar

Back 8

(4/13): Smaller than than max 1st premolar, More symmetrical, Transverse ridge, More supplemental grooves

Front 9

characteristics of the Mandibular 1st premolar

Back 9

(21/28): Bell shaped, Transverse ridge, Pointed apex, Small non-functioning lingual cusp

Front 10

characteristics of the Mandibular 2nd premolar

Back 10

(20/29): 3 different types of occlusal surfaces...Y → 5 lobes, 3 cusps (1 Buccal, 2 lingual)...H → 4 lobes, 2 cusps (buccal, lingual)...U → 4 lobes, 2 cusps (central groove is crescent shaped), Apex approximates mental foramen, Thicker & longer than mandibular 1st premolar, ML cusp larger than DL, Fossae (shallow hole), No ML groove or transverse ridge

Front 11

which premolar is the only one that has a mesial buccal cusp ridge that is longer than the distal buccal cusp ridge

Back 11

maxillary 1st premolar

Front 12

how many roots do maxillary & mandibular molars have?

Back 12

maxillary have 3 roots, mandibular has 2 roots

Front 13

characteristics of the Maxillary 1st molar

Back 13

(3/14): Largest permanent tooth, 3 roots (mesiobuccal, distobuccal, palatal) .. 5 cusps (2 buccal, 2 lingual) & cusp of caribelli, Mesiolingual is largest & highest, Cusp of caribelli lingual to ML cusp, 3 roots are visible from buccal aspect, Oblique ridge- ML to the DB cusp, Long buccal groove with pit

Front 14

characteristics of the Maxillary 2nd molar

Back 14

(2/15): Smaller than 1st molar, No pit in buccal groove, 4 cusps - ML cusp is largest, Fissured groove common on lingual

Front 15

characteristics of the Maxillary 3rd molar

Back 15

(1/16): 3 cusps- DL cusp often absent, ML cusp is largest, Smallest maxillary molar, Greatest morphological variance

Front 16

characteristics of the Mandibular 1st molar

Back 16

(19/30): Largest mandibular tooth, 2 roots, 3 canals (the 2nd canal is in the mesial root), 5 cusps (3 buccal, 2 lingual), MB cusp is the largest, distal cusp is the smallest, 2 transverse ridges

Front 17

characteristics of the Mandibular 2nd molar

Back 17

(18/31): 2 roots, Apices located inferior to mylohyoid muscle, 4 cusps, Occlusal view looks like plus sign

Front 18

what medications cause gingival overgrowth

Back 18

immunosuppressants, calcium channel blockers, anticonvulsants

Front 19

what are some types of immunosuppressants that can cause gingival overgrowth

Back 19

cyclosporine

Front 20

what are some types of calcium channel blockers that can cause gingival overgrowth

Back 20

Procardia (Nifedipine), Verapamil

Front 21

what are some types of anticonvulsants that can cause gingival overgrowth

Back 21

Phenytoin (Dilantin), succinimides & valproic acid

Front 22

what type of allergic reaction is cell mediated

Back 22

type IV

Front 23

what type of hypersensitivity reaction is delayed and causes contact dermatitis

Back 23

type IV

Front 24

type I anaphylactic reaction is ____

a. delayed

b. immediate

Back 24

immediate

Front 25

type I hypersensitivity reaction involves which immunoglobulins & cells

Back 25

IgE and mast cells

Front 26

type II hypersensitivity reaction is called ____ it causes ________. It involves ____ cells and ___ & ___ immunoglobulins.

Back 26

type II hypersensitivity reaction is called cytotoxic it causes autoimmune hemolytic anemia. It involves red blood cells and IgG & IgM immunoglobulins.

Front 27

type III hypersensitivity is called ______, it causes ____ diseases such as _______. It is considered an ______inflammatory response.

Back 27

type III hypersensitivity is called immune complex, it causes autoimmune diseases such as systemic lupus. It is considered an acute inflammatory response.

Front 28

what leukocyte is involves in a type III hypersensitivity reaction

Back 28

neutrophils

Front 29

what lymphocyte is involved in a type IV hypersensitivity reaction

Back 29

t cell lymphocytes

Front 30

what are the fat soluble vitamins

Back 30

ADEK

Front 31

what are the antioxidant vitamins

Back 31

ACE

Front 32

what are the water soluble vitamins

Back 32

B & C

Front 33

vitamin A is called

Back 33

Retinal (animals) & Carotene (plants).

Front 34

what are some characteristics of vitamin A

Back 34

Ameloblasts, Maintain epithelium inside & out

Front 35

if you have too little vitamin A what can it cause

Back 35

Blindness & Xeroderma (dry flakey skin)

Front 36

if you have too much vitamin A what can it cause

Back 36

hypercarotenemia (orange hands/ feet)

Front 37

what is vitamin D called

Back 37

Calciferol (calcium)

Front 38

where can you find vitamin D

Back 38

Sunlight & foods (OJ, milk, fish oil, fortified foods)

Front 39

too little vitamin D can cause

Back 39

Rickets (in kids)-Bone weakness/ softness, Happens fast... Osteomalacia (in adults)- Weakness in bones, Loss of lamina dura, Enamel hypoplasia

Front 40

too much vitamin D can cause

Back 40

Teeth & pulp, Hard BV’s, Nausea

Front 41

vitamin E doesn't interact well with

Back 41

vitamin K

Front 42

what is vitamin E also called

Back 42

tocopherol

Front 43

which is the biggest antioxidant

Back 43

vitamin E

Front 44

what are some characteristics of vitamin e

Back 44

Antioxidant, Antiinflammatory, Improve immune response, Sickle cell anemia

Front 45

too much vitamin E

Back 45

depresses iron

Front 46

what is vitamin K called

Back 46

quinone

Front 47

where is vitamin K produced

Back 47

E. Coli

Front 48

what can vitamin k help form

Back 48

bones

Front 49

too little vitamin k causes

Back 49

Clotting, Hip fracture (women), Affects bile

Front 50

too much vitamin k causes

Back 50

Bleeding/ no clot (anticoagulant)

Front 51

vitamin B1 is also known as

Back 51

thiamine

Front 52

thiamine helps give energy to the _________, it is also important in the synthesis of _______

Back 52

brain, heart & CNS ..... niacin

Front 53

too little vitamin B1 causes

Back 53

Disturbes CHO metabolism-Beri-beri (damages nervous & CV system, can’t move easily), Burning tongue/ taste loss-Secondary to alcoholism

Front 54

vitamin B2 is also known as

Back 54

riboflavin

Front 55

vitamin B2 characterisitics

Back 55

Metabolism of CHO, protein, fat, Synthesis of Niacin (B3), Similiar to B1… (energy to brain, heart, CNS)

Front 56

too little riboflavin causes

Back 56

Angular cheilitis** Glossitis** Dermatitis, Anemia

Front 57

vitamin B3 is also called

Back 57

niacin

Front 58

niacin characteristics

Back 58

Blood cell formation, Release glucose, help sucrose, Helps cariogenic bacteria, Alcoholism= deficiency

Front 59

too little niacin causes

Back 59

(3 D's) dermatitis, diarrhea, dementia... 4th is death

Front 60

oral implications of niacin deficiency

Back 60

stomatitis, glossitis, fissured tongue Red mucosa, inflammation, burning, caries

Front 61

too much vitamin B3 causes

Back 61

vasodilation & liver damage

Front 62

if a persons diet is high in protein what vitamin should they take more of

Back 62

vitamin B6 pyridaxin

Front 63

pyridaxin is which B vitamin, it is used for production of ___

Back 63

niacin

Front 64

vitamin B6 deficiency leads to

Back 64

angular cheilitis & glossitis

Front 65

too much Pyridaxin causes

Back 65

interaction with parkinsons meds & it becomes the most toxic water soluble vitamin

Front 66

vitamin B9 is called

Back 66

folic acid

Front 67

vitamin b9 characteristics

Back 67

Synthesis in DNA, RNA, proteins ,Maintains RBC’s with B12, Most common vitamin B deficiency, Cleft palate & lips associated with vit B deficiency & folic acids**

Front 68

folic acid deficiency

Back 68

Megaloblatic anemia (large RBC’s cannot transport O2 to cells, Neural tube defects (spina bifid a), Diarrhea, Alcoholics, pregnancy, kidney, liver disease, GI

Front 69

oral implications of folic acid deficiency

Back 69

glossitis, periodontitis, mobile teeth, decreased mucosal resistance

Front 70

vitamin B12 is called

Back 70

cobalamin

Front 71

cobalamin characteristics

Back 71

Folate metabolism, Myelin synthesis, Forms heme, Only vitamin that contains a mineral, Only absorbed if bound to intrinsic factor

Front 72

cobalamin deficiency

Back 72

Pernicious anemia, CNS symptoms

Front 73

vitamin B12 oral implications due to a deficiency

Back 73

glossopyrosis, lesions on buccal mucosa, xerostomia, cheilosis, bone loss, hemorrhagic gingiva

Front 74

anodontia

Back 74

congenital lack of teeth

Front 75

anodontia is associated with

Back 75

hereditary ectodermal dysplasia

Front 76

hypodontia

Back 76

lack of 1 or mote teeth

Front 77

oligodontia

Back 77

6 or more teeth congenitally missing

Front 78

what is another term used for supernumerary teeth? what syndromes can it be associated with

Back 78

hyperdontia... cleidocranial dysplasia & gardner syndrome

Front 79

what is the most important cell associated with the HIV/ AIDS virus

Back 79

CD4 T-helper lymphocyte

Front 80

HIV/ AIDS is transmitted through

Back 80

blood borne pathogens.. sexual contact, infects & mothers, infected blood

Front 81

what are some of the cells that are infected with HIV

Back 81

macrophages, CD$ T-helper lymphocyte, langerhans cells, dendritic cells, cells of nervous system

Front 82

what is a normal CD4 lymphocyte count in blood? what is a CD4 lymphocyte count in an infected person with HIV/ AIDS?

Back 82

normal = 550-1000... infected= less than 200

Front 83

what diseases are related to HIV/AIDS

Back 83

Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia, esophageal candidiasis, kaposi sarcoma

Front 84

what are the blood tests used for HIV/AIDS

Back 84

ELISA & western blot test

Front 85

usually HIV can be detected in _____ weeks

Back 85

6

Front 86

what are oral implications of HIV/ AIDS

Back 86

candidiasis, herpes (labialis/ recurrent), herpes zoster (shingles), hairy leukoplakia, HPV, kaposi sarcoma, non-hodgkin lymphoma, gingival/ periodontal disease, gingival bleeding, apthous ulcers, salivary gland disease

Front 87

what are the 2 types of gingival disease associated with HIV/ AIDS

Back 87

linear gingival erythema & necrotizing ulcerative periodontitis

Front 88

characteristics of linear gingival erythema

Back 88

spontaneous bleeding, petechiae, bandlike erythema on gingiva that doesn't respond to therapy

Front 89

characteristics of necrotizing ulcerative periodontitis

Back 89

pain, spontaneous bleeding, inter proximal necrosis & cratering, intense erythema, rapid bone loss

Front 90

hairy leukoplakia is caused by what virus, what is it

Back 90

epstein barr virus... irregular white lesion with corrugated surface

Front 91

hairy leukoplakia occurs most commonly on the ____ during HIV

Back 91

lateral tongue

Front 92

what can be used to treat hairy leukoplakia

Back 92

acyclovir (antiviral)

Front 93

kaposi sarcoma characteristics

Back 93

red-purple lesions, flat or raised lesions in the oral cavity. common on palate & gingiva

Front 94

characteristics of Non-Hodgkin lymphoma

Back 94

malignant tumor, epstein barr virus, seen in HIV.... nonulcerated, necrotic or ulcerated mass surfaced by either ulcerated or erythemaous mucosa