Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
12 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
|
Surface markings of the liver
|
Diaphragm above, Top level around 5/6th ribs, Right upper quandrant, Lower border behind lower ribs, Right tip extending past the midline
|
|
|
Anatomical relations of the pancreas
|
Retroperitoneal, Head near 1st, 2nd and 3rd parts of duodenum, Body anterior to L2 and L3, Tail anterior to left kidney
|
|
|
Name 4 factors controlling gastric acid secretion
|
Vagus nerve
Gastrin Histamine Secretin inhibits release |
|
|
2 sites of bleeding that lead to haematemesis
|
oesophageal varices, gastric ulcer
|
|
|
Hormonal influences on controlling synthesis and breakdown of fat in adipocytes
|
Hormone sensitive lipase (HSL) breaks down fat to FAs
Adrenaline, glucocorticoids, ACTH and glucagon tigger HSL release Insulin deactivates HSL Insulin activates lipoportein lipase, which results in increase of TAGs |
|
|
Hormonal influences controlling the level of glucose in the blood
|
Insulin released in response to high blood glucose
Insulin lowering blood glucose by uptake to tissues Glucagon and adrenaline are released in reponse to low blood glucose triggering glycogenolyiss and gluconeogenesis |
|
|
Name teh enzyme that warfarin inhibts and its substrate
|
Vitamin K epoxide, Vitamin K
|
|
|
List 4 factors that might contribute to constipation
|
Bedbound
Poor appetite Dehydration Opiates Hypercalcaemia |
|
|
Name 2 diseases that might lead to failure of absorption of fat and explain the mechanism
|
- Blockage of pancreatic exocrine secretion (Pancreatitis, carcinoma of the head of pancreas, cystic fibrosis) - pancreatic lipase secretion is reduced so there is not fat digestion
- Coeliac disease - atrophy of intestinal wall that reduced absorptive area - Complete blockage of bile secretion or production - no bile salts in intestine to absorb fats. |
|
|
Name 3 physiological effects of bile
|
Excretion of conjugated toxinsFormation fo fat micelles to aid lipid digestionExcretion of cholesterol
|
|
|
Name 3 possible complications of gall stone disease
|
Cholecystitis, Cholangitis, Pancreatitis
|
|
|
List 3 lifestyle factors that predispose to gall stone formation
|
Obesity, Low-calorie diet, Age
|
