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48 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Tree |
A perennial woody plant, with a single mainstem or trunk, and clear apical dominance
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Seed plants |
All trees are ___ ___ |
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Coniferophyta & Anthophyta |
Most trees belong in these two phyla |
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Wood |
A fibrous tissue composed of cellulose fibers embedded in a matrix of lignin, transfers nutrients and water to leaves & provides structural support
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Secondary xylem in roots & shoots |
What is wood produced by? |
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Heartwood |
This is usually older & darker because it has become infused with secondary chemicals; it is dead |
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Sapwood |
This is responsible for transporting water and nutrients from roots toleaves; it is dead |
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Vessel elements |
Most gymnosperms do not have these, these are shorter and wider |
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Tracheids |
Long and slender |
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Phloem |
Conducts sugars down the stem & is living tissue |
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Xylem |
Conducts water up the stem |
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FACE Experiment |
This was to see the effects of elevated CO2 on loblolly pine |
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Results of the FACE Experiment |
Poision ivy *Loved* the elevated CO2 levels (70% more growth); for the first 7 years or so the trees grew 10 to 25% faster and then no elevated growth was shown |
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Peter White |
Associated with forests of continuity |
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G. Evelyn Hutchinson |
Associated with the definition that a niche is "N" dimensional hypervolume |
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Charles Elton |
Associated with the definition that a niche is an organism's role |
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Joseph Grinnell |
Associated with the definition that a niche is an organism's place
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Robert Connell |
Associated with competitive exclusion in barnicles |
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G.F. Gause |
Associated with competitive exclusion in Paramecia
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Fritz Haber |
Associated with developing a process for producing fixed nitrogen |
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Bill Schlesinger |
A biochemist who works on the nitrogen cycle |
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Carolus Linnaeus |
Associated with inventing bionomial nomenclature |
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Fridley, et al. |
They used species' coexistence to determine specialism or generalism in trees |
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Hybrid |
An "x" in a scientific name denotes that the species is a ___
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More than twice as much! |
Humans create this much additional fixed Nitrogen on Earth each year |
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Pollarding |
An arboreal technique that takes advantage of the epicormic sprouts found in many broad leaf tree species |
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Plantae |
The Kingdom that all trees share |
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Vasculata |
The Subkingdom that all trees share |
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Spermatophyta |
The Superdivision that all trees share |
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Classification |
The ordering of trees intogroups that have common characteristics, seeks to recognize the correct evolutionary lineage of organisms
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Species |
The basic unit of taxonomy and classification – it is the smallest unit at which individuals share phylogenetic features
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Biological Species Definition |
Agroup of organisms that can interbreed in nature
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Cladistics |
The process of grouping organisms into clades (groups of closely related species and their common ancestor)
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Cladogram
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A diagram showing relatedness for the taxon in question, cladistics produces this, these are hypothesis
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Cultivars |
Denoted by “cv” or by use of single quotes |
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Niche |
A range of conditions that an organism is adapted to live in |
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Fundamental Niche
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Everywhere an organism could live in the absence of interspecific competitors
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Realized niche
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Everywhere it does live as a consequence of competitive outcomes with other species
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Interspecific competition
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When the niches of two species over lapped they would not coexist - one would competitively exclude the other
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Resource partitioning (“niche shift”)
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Competing species utilize parts of the habitat in which they are most competitive
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Character displacement
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An evolutionary shift in behavior or physiology that results in niche partitioning
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Limiting similarity
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There is a maximum level of niche overlap between two species that will allow them to coexist
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Climate
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The regional interaction between solar radiation, the atmosphere and land and water masses
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Soils
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A living, three-dimensional substrate that provides water and most nutrient elements to trees, provides support, they vary in their texture, nutrient status, & age
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Physiography
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Slope, elevation, aspect, land shape, land-water interface
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Biota
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All of the living organisms within an area
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Aspect
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The direction a slope faces
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North Carolina is... |
Dominated by temperate forest communities
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