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16 Cards in this Set

  • Front
  • Back
Tree
vs.
Shrub
Tree (typical): woody perennial, single stem, 20 ft or taller at maturity.

Shrub (typical): woody perennial, multiple stems, less than 20 ft at maturity.
Evergreen
vs.
Deciduous
Evergreen: leaf type that persists more than 1 year.

Deciduous: leaf type that falls from the tree within 1 year.
Conifer
vs.
Broadleaf
Conifer (Gymnosperm): a limbless woody perennial whose seeds are borne inside cones rather than ovaries (fruiting bodies).

Broadleaf (Angiosperm): a limbed woody perennial whose seeds are borne inside ovaries (fruiting bodies) rather than cones.
Softwood
vs.
Hardwood
Softwood: the term generally used to describe conifers, whose wood is typically softer than that of broadleafs.

Hardwood: the term generally used to describe broadleafs, whose wood is typically harder than that of conifers.
Gymnosperm
vs.
Angiosperm
Gymnosperm (Conifer): a woody perennial whose seeds are borne "naked" or without an ovary (fruiting body).

Angiosperm (Broadleaf): a woody perennial whose seeds are borne within an ovary (fruiting body).
Genus
vs.
Species
Genus: taxonomic group of similar species that are in turn grouped into families.

Species: taxonomic group of individuals capable of interbreeding and producing fertile offspring.
Petals
&
Corolla
Petals: the modified leaves of a flowering body that are often colored or scented to encourage reproduction through pollinators.

Corolla: the collection of petals on a flowering body.
Sepals
&
Calyx
Sepals: the modified leaves on a flowering body (beneath the petals) that connect flower to pedicel.

Calyx: the collection of sepals on a flowering body.
Pistils
&
Stamens
Pistils: the female reproductive organ of a plant composed of a stigma, style, and ovary.

Stamens: the male reproductive organ of a plant composed of an anther and filament.
Pistillate
vs.
Staminate
Pistillate: having pistils but not stamens.

Staminate: having stamens but not pistils.
Perfect
vs.
Imperfect
Perfect: term to describe a flower that possesses both male and female organs.

Imperfect: term to describe a flower that lacks either its male or female organs.
Complete
vs.
Incomplete
Complete: term to describe a flower that possesses sepals, petals, pistils, and stamens.

Incomplete: term to describe a flower that lacks any of its normal parts (sepals, petals, pistils, or stamens).
Involucre
&
Bracts
Involucre: a whorl of bracts subtending a flower or inflorenscence.

Bract: a modified leaf found at the base of a flower or inflorescence. In cones, they separate seeds from cone scales.
Inflorescence
(definition, examples, modifiers)
Inflorescence: a collection of flowers sharing a common stalk.

Examples--
fox glove, grape, sunflower, lavender, etc.

Modifiers--
head: a dense cluster of sessile or subsessile flowers
ament (catkin): a long, thin inflorescence composed of sessile, unisexual flowers.
raceme: an unbranched, elongated inflorescence containing flowers borne of stalks (i.e. fox glove)
Monoecious
vs.
Dioecious
Monoecious: a plant species whose individuals possess both male and female flowers. (Perfect)

Dioecious: a plant species whose individuals possess either male or female flowers. (Imperfect)
What are the quickest ways to specify between
Fir, Spruce, and Pine?
Fir: usually has flat needles, without sharp points

Spruce: sharp needles (usually square in cross-section)

Pine: needle clusters with fascicles (2, 3, or 5)