Democracy

Front 1

What are the three most important forms of democracy?

Back 1

1. Athenian democracy

2. Representative democracy

3. Socialist participatory democracy

Front 2

Outline four key points emphasised in the lectures describing Athenian democracy?

Back 2

1. Emerged from an uprising of armed peasants

2. Saw the peasants and middled citizens become majority

3. Highly participatory - direct participation of citizens in processes of governance

4. Citizenship was active and participatory

Front 3

What was the most important institution of Athenian Democracy?

Back 3

The Sovereign Assembly

Front 4

Very briefly outline two main strengths and two main weaknesses of Athenian democracy?

Back 4

S -

1. Fosters a high degree of political equality

2. Didnt need separation of powers for individual undue influence

W -

1. Better to have fewer people ruling but better people ruling

2. Because of so many changes meant that no one could develop experience

Front 5

How were members of the Boule, Juries and Magistrates selected?

Back 5

By lot

Front 6

Which institutional body helped set the agenda for the sovereign assembly in Athenian democracy?

Back 6

The Boule or council of 500

Front 7

Which groups were excluded from Athenian democracy?

Back 7

Women, Slaves, Immigrants/metics

Front 8

Referring to lectures notes, list four economic rights associated with liberal representative democracy?

Back 8

Property ownership

Right to form contract

Market exchange

Sell labour-power

Front 9

Referring to lecture notes, list four citizenship rights associated with liberal representative democracy?

Back 9

1. Right for regular secret ballot elections

2. Freedom from arbitrary treatment by the state

3. Equality before the law

4. Right to form interest groups

Front 10

According to liberal pluralist what are the main ways in which the citizens influence government?

Back 10

1. Electoral system

2. Interest group system

3. Local government

4. Media

Front 11

The English revolution started in.. and was concluded by the glorious revolution of what...

Back 11

1640

1688

Front 12

What were the four most important points made in the lecture with respect to the background context of ER?

Back 12

1. Charles was one of the most inept monarchs in English History

2. Rural society

3. Classes, aristocracy, middle class, peasantry/wage earners

4. Profoundly religious society

Front 13

What was revolutionary about the English Revolution?

Back 13

1. Hurried the death of feudalism

2. Key features of representative democracy operating within the confines of a constitutional monarchy

Front 14

How did the long Parliament ensure that P was to become a permanent part of the constitution?

Back 14

Through the drawing up of the Triennial Act

Front 15

Drawing upon lectures, list four key features of representative democracy that emerged during the ER?

Back 15

1. The limits to the Sovereigns powers were recognised.

2. Enshrined freedom of election to P

3. Freedom of Speech in P

4. Frequent elections

Front 16

Drawing upon lecture notes, briefly outline two long term and two short terms causes of the french revolution?

Back 16

ST

- Effective bankruptcy of the French state

- Rise of social tensions due to widespread hunger

LT

- Economic stagnation

- Military competition with emerging Capitalist powers

Front 17

The Bourgeoisie and everyone other than the clergy and the nobility made up the __ estate, the clergy made up the __ estate and the nobility made up the __ estate. What words are missing?

Back 17

1. Third

2. First

3. Second

Front 18

What are the four main phase of the FR?

Back 18

1. Economic fiscal crisis, revolt of the nobility

2. The Bourgeois Revolution and liberal constitution

3. The rise and fall of the Jacobins

4. The reactionary thermidor

Front 19

Which constitution was the most democratic that emerged during the course of the FR?

Back 19

Jacobean Constitution of 1793

Front 20

Briefly outline two key lasting historical effects of the FR?

Back 20

1. End of Feudalism

2. The implementation oft he 93' Constitution

Front 21

Briefly outline four key point with respect to the background and context of the AR?

Back 21

1. Geography - Territory of 13 american colonies was already vast be European standards

2. Population - Both white and black had rapid growth

3. Economy - Agrarian but highly capitalistic

4. High unequal society

Front 22

In what year was the DOI made?

List 4 rights it asserted

Back 22

July 4th 1776

- All men created equal

- Possess inalienable rights of life, liberty, property and pursuit of happiness

- Govt formed in order to secure these rights

- Whenever any form of govt becomes destructive, it is the right of the people to alter or abolish it

Front 23

Two key sources of pressure pushed the wealthy patriot elite to conclude by 1781, that a more powerful federal government was required. What were they?

Back 23

1. War of independence

2. Shays rebellion

Front 24

What did Philadelphia convention of 1787 do?

Back 24

Drew up the US constitution

Front 25

List 4 groups of the population that were excluded from the Philidelphia convention?

Back 25

1. Native americans

2. Womens

3. Slaves

4. Men who didnt own property

Front 26

"The american definition of citizenship and democracy is completely devoid of the __ __ that citizenship and democracy had in the greek context" what two words are missing from this sentence? explain what this statement means

Back 26

Social meaning

Participation of the poor citizens in the process of govt is no longer a defining feature of democracy

Front 27

Drawing upon lecture notes, list four points that are made by liberals to justify capitalism, and representative democracy?

Back 27

1. grows fast and efficent

2. workers can form interest groups

3. inequality is not a problem if it fuels growth

4. Free press keeps citizens informed

Front 28

Drawing upon lecture notes, list four points that are made by liberals to critique socialism and participatory democracy?

Back 28

1. socialism is economically inferior to capitalism

2. Neither economically feasible no politically desirable

3. Slow and inefficient because too many people become involved and spend too much time talking

4. Labouring citizens too dumb to govern

Front 29

Drawing on lecture notes list four main points made by Marxists to critique capitalistm

Back 29

1. Ultimate source of inequality is the exploitation of workers by capitalist

2. Have to work for low wages or salary

3. Generates huge inequality between rich and poor

4. Destruction of the natural environment

Front 30

Drawing on lecture notes, list four main points made by Marxists to critique representative democracy?

Back 30

1. Under representation of workers, women and ethnic minorities

2. Opposed alientation of power form labouring citizens

3. Parliamentary swindle

4. Ineffectiveness of elections, interest groups, media, parties and P

Front 31

In what year was the Paris commune formed?

Back 31

1871

Front 32

Which class played a central role in the paris commune?

Back 32

Working class

Front 33

Delegates to the Paris commune were to be held accountable to their constituencies by?

Back 33

1. The right of recall and

2. Frequent elections

Front 34

Marx considered that the Paris commune was the "political at last discovered under which to work out the ___

Back 34

Emancipation of labour

Front 35

The Feb evolution of 1917 was largely but not entirely

Back 35

Spontaneous

Front 36

Which two social classes played the most important role of the RR?

Back 36

Working class

Peasants

Front 37

What is a soviet?

Back 37

A council, democratically elected

Front 38

Who were the most important Bolshevik leaders during the RR?

Back 38

Lenin

Trotsky

Front 39

What were the most important Bolshevik slogans?

Back 39

Peace, bread and land

All power to the soviets

Front 40

Drawing upon lecture notes, outline 4 factors that contibuted to the degeneration of Russia revolution and the rise of Stanlist dictatorship

Back 40

1. Foreign military intervention and trade blockade

2. Russia was a relatively socially and econimically backwards country

3. Civil war

4. Decimation of the Russia working class

Front 41

“I think that the work in which I am engaged now, despite its extremely insufficient and fragmentary nature, is the most important work of my life – more important than 1917, more important than the period of the Civil War or any other.” Who wrote this? What was so important about this work?

Back 41

Trotsky

Inconsistent with the classical maxtrist version of socialist democracy

Front 42

US constitution separates power between the __, __, and __.

Back 42

Legislature

Executive

Judiciary

Front 43

According to Marx, what was the historical mission of capitalism?

Back 43

Create economic and social preconditions

Front 44

Outline 2 reasons why Marxists think a revolution is necessary to establish socialism and participatory democracy?

Back 44

1. Overthrow liberal democratic state

2. Self-emancipation of working class