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29 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
tRNA
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a strand of RNA that is folded in a hairpin shape
Carries amino acids to the ribosome for protein synthesis |
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Ribose
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The sugar found in RNA
Makes up part of the "backbone" of RNA |
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mRNA
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a single uncoiled strand of RNA
carries genetic info to the ribosome for protein synthesis |
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DNA polymerase
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The enzyme that adds new nitrogen bases to the DNA molecule during replication
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Promoter
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The beginning of a gene
RNA polymerase binds here during transcription. |
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Three ways mutations can occur
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Extreme heat - breaks the bonds in DNA
UV rays - can cause extra base pairs to be inserted or deleted Chemicals - same as UV rays |
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Interphase
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G1 phase
S phase G2 phase This is when the cell does it's normal activities |
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RNA transcription
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The process of making RNA from DNA.
Occurs in the nucleus |
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Mitosis
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makes more body cells
keeps the same number of chromosomes 2 daughter cells formed |
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DNA replication
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1. Helicase unzips the DNA molecule
2. DNA polymerase adds complementary nitrogen bases to each side of the DNA molecule in opposite directions 3. Each new DNA strands is half old DNA and half new DNA |
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hydrogen bonds
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the type of bonds found between the nitrogen bases of DNA.
Weak bonds, allows DNA to split apart for replication and transcription. |
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heterozygous
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one dominant and one recessive gene
Rr |
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DNA to RNA base pairing rules
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A to U
T to A G to C C to G |
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Differences between DNA and RNA
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Use different sugars
different number of strands no thymine in RNA, uses uracil instead |
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Deoxyribose
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The sugar found in DNA
Makes up part of the "backbone" of DNA |
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Incomplete dominance
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the heterozygous form is a blend of the two traits
Red, Pink, or White |
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Helicase
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Enzyme that splits apart the DNA molecule in DNA replication
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homozygous recessive
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two recessive genes
rr |
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Meiosis
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Makes reproductive cells (sperm and egg)
reduces the number of chromosomes in half 4 daughter cells formed |
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Cell Cycle
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G1 - growth phase
S - DNA is copied G2 - prepares for cell division M - mitosis/meiosis |
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homozygous dominant
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two dominant genes
RR |
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Phosphate Group
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Makes up part of the "backbone" of DNA, and RNA
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termination signal
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the end of a gene
once RNA polymerase reaches this point, transcription stops |
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DNA base pairing rules
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A to T
T to A G to C C to G |
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Co-dominance
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both traits are dominant
Heterozygous shows both traits Red Hair, White Hair, or Roan Hair (red and white) |
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rRNA
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RNA found in a ribosome, mixed with protein
Globular Shape |
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RNA polymerase
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The enzyme responsible for transcription
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X-linked traits
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a trait that is linked to the x-chromosome
females can be carriers with one recessive trait females can have the disease with two recessive traits males only need one recessive trait to have the disease |
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Nitrogen Bases
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The middle part of DNA or RNA. The sequence of nitrogen bases determines the code for proteins
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