Dekalb Anatomy - Nervous System And Sense Organs

Front 1

Cell Body

Back 1

The main part of a neuron
contains the nucleus

Front 2

Dendrites

Back 2

Small finger-like projections that bring electrical impulses to the cell body

Front 3

Axon

Back 3

Long projection taking impulses away from the cell body

Front 4

Myelin

Back 4

White fatty substance that surrounds sections of the axon

Front 5

Schwann Cells

Back 5

Cells that produce myelin
Found outside of the central nervous system

Front 6

Nodes of Ranvier

Back 6

Gaps between myelin
Allows electrical impulses to jump between gaps, allowing impulse to travel faster

Front 7

Synapse

Back 7

small gap between axons and dendrites
neurotransmitters are released into this gap to continue nerve impulse between cells

Front 8

Neurotransmitters

Back 8

Chemicals released into synapse to continue nerve impulse between cells

Front 9

Astrocyte

Back 9

support cells for neurons
Forms blood-brain barrier

Front 10

Microglia

Back 10

support cells for neurons
attacks invading microbes in the CNS

Front 11

Oligodendrocyte

Back 11

Support Cell for neurons
holds neurons close together
surrounds CNS neurons with myelin

Front 12

Endoneurium

Back 12

membrane that surrounds individual neurons

Front 13

Perineurium

Back 13

membrane that surrounds groups of neurons called fascicles

Front 14

Epineurium

Back 14

membrane that surrounds the outside of a nerve

Front 15

afferent neurons

Back 15

neurons that takes sensory info to your brain

Front 16

efferent neurons

Back 16

neurons that takes info away from your brain
towards muscles and glands

Front 17

Brain Stem

Back 17

lower posterior portion of the brain
contains medulla, pons, and midbrain

Front 18

Medulla Oblongata

Back 18

relay center between spinal cord and higher brain centers
controls cardiac, respiratory, and vasomotor centers

Front 19

Pons

Back 19

Part of the midbrain
relay center from spinal cord to higher brain areas
Helps with motor control and sensory perception

Front 20

Midbrain

Back 20

Part of the midbrain
relay center from spinal cord to higher brain ares
relay for visual and auditory impulses

Front 21

Hypothalamus

Back 21

In the diencephalon
controls body temp, water balance, sleep-cycles, appetite, emotions

Front 22

Thalamus

Back 22

In the diencephalon
helps produce sensations, associates sensations with emotions, helps in alerting mechanism

Front 23

cerebellum

Back 23

located in the posterior portion of the brain
controls muscle coordination, and equilibrium

Front 24

Cerebrum

Back 24

largest area of the brain
sensory perception, emotions, willed movements, consciousness, and memory

Front 25

Ascending tracts

Back 25

Nerves in spinal cord that are going towards your brain

Front 26

Descending Tracts

Back 26

Nerves in spinal cord that are going away from your brain

Front 27

Meninges

Back 27

Membranes surrounding the brain and spinal cord

Front 28

Dura matter

Back 28

tough outer layer of meninges
lines skull and vertebral column

Front 29

Pia mater

Back 29

inner layer of meninges
covers brain and spinal cord

Front 30

arachnoid mater

Back 30

middle layer of meninges
forms cobweb like structures between dura and pia mater
spaces are filled with cerebrospinal fluid

Front 31

Cerebrospinal fluid

Back 31

fluid that surrounds the brain and spinal cord
circulates nutrients and acts as a cushion for brain and spinal cord

Front 32

sympathetic nervous system

Back 32

turns on the fight or flight response

Front 33

parasympathetic nervous system

Back 33

turns off the fight or flight response

Front 34

Fight-or-flight response

Back 34

heart rate increases, blood vessels constrict, decrease peristalsis, relaxes bladder, dilates pupils, increases epinephrine

Front 35

free nerve endings

Back 35

nerve endings with no capsule around them
detects pain, crude touch, itch, tickle, temperature

Front 36

encapsulated nerve endings

Back 36

nerve endings with a capsule
detects fine touch, vibration, pressure, cold, muscle tension/length

Front 37

sclera

Back 37

tough white outer area of the eye

Front 38

cornea

Back 38

clear part of the sclera that covers the lens and iris

Front 39

choroid

Back 39

middle layer of the eye
dark layer to prevent light scattering
contains iris, and ciliary body

Front 40

iris

Back 40

muscle that gets bigger and smaller to let light in the eye
colored part of the eye

Front 41

pupil

Back 41

hole in the iris that gets bigger and smaller

Front 42

ciliary body

Back 42

muscle that changes the shape of the lens to focus at different distances

Front 43

lens

Back 43

the part of the eye that can change shape to focus light

Front 44

retina

Back 44

inner layer of the eye
contains photoreceptor cells to detect light

Front 45

rods

Back 45

photoreceptor cell that detects dim light

Front 46

cones

Back 46

photoreceptor cells used in bright light and detects colors

Front 47

aqueous humor

Back 47

thin fluid in anterior chamber of the eye
constantly formed and replaced
helps maintain shape of eye and refracts light

Front 48

vitreous humor

Back 48

thicker fluid in posterior chamber of the eye
helps maintain shape of the eye and refracts light

Front 49

Auricle

Back 49

visible outer portion of the ear
funnels sound waves into ear canal

Front 50

Tympanic membrane

Back 50

ear drum
vibrates when sound waves hit it
sends sound waves to ossicles

Front 51

Auditory Ossicles

Back 51

tiny bones in middle ear
amplifies and transmits sound waves to inner ear

Front 52

Eustachian tube

Back 52

tube that leads from middle ear to throat
often source of ear infections

Front 53

cochlea

Back 53

structure in inner ear that contains receptors for hearing

Front 54

semi circular canals

Back 54

structure in inner ear that contains receptors to detect motion/equilibrium

Front 55

gustatory cells

Back 55

cells that detects tastes
located on the sides of the papillae on your tongue
molecules must dissolve in saliva to be detected

Front 56

papillae

Back 56

bumps on your tongue that has the gustatory cells on the sides of them

Front 57

Olfactory receptors

Back 57

located at the top of the nasal cavity
molecules must be dissolved in mucous to be detected

Front 58

Hearing

Back 58

auricle --> ear canal --> eardrum --> ossicles --> cochlea --> hair-like structures vibrate --> creates electrical signal taken to brain by auditory nerve

Front 59

How sense of balance works

Back 59

Semicircular canals all point in different directions, as you move fluid inside each canal moves, moving hair-like structures inside, creates an electrical signal to send to your brain