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87 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Freedom form psychological and physical injury.
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Client Safety
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ANY one of numerous mechanical devices or chemical agents used to hinder or restrict a patient's movement.
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Restraint
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The use of psychotropics, hypnotics, or anxiolytics to control a potentially violent patient.
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Chemical Restraints
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The coordinated efforts of the musculoskeletal and nervous systems to maintain balance, posture, and body alignment during lifting, bending, moving, and performing activities of daily living.
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Body Mechanics
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Maintains good muscle tone and prevents injury.
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Body Alignment
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Enhanced by proper posture.
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Body Balance
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The result of weight, center of gravity, and balance
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Coordinated Body Movement
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A force that occurs in a direction to oppose movement.
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Friction
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Used for the purpose of conditioning the body, improving health, and maintaining fitness.
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Exercise & Activity
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An awareness of the body and its parts.
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Proprioception
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Controlled by the cerebellum (coordinates body movement) and inner ear (maintains balance)
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Balance
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The extent of movement of a joint, measured in degrees of a circle.
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Range of Motion (ROM)
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Individually intiated joint movement.
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Active Range of Motion (AROM)
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Assistant intiated joint movement.
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Passive Range of Motion (PROM)
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The movement of a limb away from the body.
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Abduction
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Movement of a limb toward the median axis of the body.
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Adduction
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A "straightening" movement allowed by certain joints of the skeleton that increases the angle between two adjoining bones.
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Extension
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A movement allowed by certain joints of the skeleton that decreases the angle by two adjoining bones.
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Flexion
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A condition that involves degeneration of bone mass.
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Osteoporosis
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Blood clots that have temporarily lodged in the blood vessel.
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Embolisms
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Stockings designed to prevent embolisms (blood clots) in non-ambulatory (immobile) patients and are usually only necessary while the patient is in the hospital.
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Anti-Embolism Stockings
(Ex. T.E.D. hose) |
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Joint activity done PRIMARILY by self w/ minimal assistance.
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Active Assist Range of Motion
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Exercise against resistance of a mobile object.
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Resistive Range of Motion
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Exercise against resistance of an immobile object.
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Isometric Range of Motion
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Sleep is a cyclical physiological porcess that alternates with longer periods of wakefulness. The sleep-wake cycle influences and regulates physiological function and behavioral responses.
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Physiology of Sleep: KNOW!!
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The external pattern of diminished activity for mental and physical rejuvenation.
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Rest
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The extent and pattern of natural periodic suspension of consciousness during which the body is restored.
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Sleep
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The 24- hour diurnal (day time active) day-night cycle. Affected by light, temperature, and external factors (such as social life).
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Circadian Rhythm
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Individualized eccentricities that determine an individual's sleep-wake cycle (i.e. morning person vs. night person).
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Biological Clock
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Includes lightest level of sleep.
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Stage 1: NREM
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Period of sound sleep.
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Stage 2: NREM
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Involves initial stages of deep sleep.
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Stage 3: NREM
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Deepest stage of sleep.
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Stage 4: NREM
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Bedwetting
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Enuresis
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Stage of sleep that usually begins about 90 minutes after sleep has begun and vivid, full-color dreaming may occur. Typified by rapidly moving eyes.
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REM Sleep
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Cycle of sleep when gastric secretions increase.
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REM sleep
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Name 3 areas of physiological behaviors that increase during REM...
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1. Pulse
2. Gastric Secretions 3. Respiratory Rates |
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Why do we darken the room at night?
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Stimuli from sensory organs may activate the reticular system.
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16 hours per day
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Sleep requirements for Birth to 3 months of age.
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14 hours per day
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Sleep requirements for 3-12 months of age.
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12 hours per day
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Sleep requirement for 1-5 years of age.
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10 hours per day
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Sleep requirement for 6-12 yrs. of age.
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7.5 hours per day
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Sleep requirement for 13-19 yrs. of age.
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6 - 8.5 hours per day
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Sleep requirement for 20-40 yrs. of age.
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Amount of sleep declines (need doesn't)
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40-60 yrs. of age
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Episodes of REM sleep shorten and they awaken several times during the night.
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60+ yrs of age
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Sleep drug that provides only temporary (1 week)increase in the quantity of sleep, eventually causes daytime "hangover", and may worsen sleep apnea in elderly
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Hypnotics
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Drugs that causes nocturia
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Diuretics
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Drugs that suppress REM sleep
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Antidepressants & Stimulants
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Drug that speed onset of sleep, disrupts REM sleep, and awakens a person during night and causes difficulty returning to sleep
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Alcohol (ETOH)
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Drugs that suppress REM sleep and cause increased daytime drowsiness
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Narcotics
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Drug that prevents person from falling asleep and may cause a person to awaken during the night
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Caffeine
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What do Sedatives, Hypnotics, Antianxiety drugs, and Alcohol all have in common
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All are CNS depressants
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Chronic difficulty falling asleep, frequent awakening from sleep and/or shor sleep or non-restorative sleep.
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Insomnia
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Lack of airflow through the nose & mouth for periods of 10 seconds or longer during sleep.
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Sleep Apnea
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During a normal period fo wakefullness (i.e. daytime) a person develops a sudden overwhelming feeling of sleepiness and falls asleep
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Narcolepsy
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A natural result of dyssomnia. May be due to illness or disease. Common in individuals who work rotating shifts.
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Sleep Deprivation
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Drugs that, when given at low doses, calm or soothe the CNS without inducing sleep, but at high doses induces sleep
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Hypnotic (Induces Sleep)
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Drugs that have an inhibitory effect o nthe CNS to the degree that they reduce nervousness, excitability, or irritability, without causing sleep.
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Sedatives (Calming Effect)
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What are the most common side effects of Benzodiazepines (i.e. Valium)
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Drowsiness and Ataxia
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Outer layer of skin, bacteria live here
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Epidermis
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Thick layer of skin - collagen and elastic factors, sweat
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Dermis
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Glands that secrete sweat and control temperature
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Eccrine glands
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Glands found in axilla & genitalia and creat odor from bacterial decompostition of sweat.
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Apocrine glands
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Skin layer that contains blood vessels, nerves, lymph, and fat
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Subcutaneous
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What is the best time to perform a bath?
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Whenever the patient would prefer to have one.
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When is it appropriate to try to change a patient's hygiene practices?
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When the patient's current practices are inadequate for physiological needs.
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Practices based on cultural norms (i.e. hot vs. cold showers, water vs. oil)
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Cultural Variables
(a factor that affects hygiene) |
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Disabilities (i.e. post stroke) or limitations (i.e. broken arm) may affect ability or desire to perform certain self-care functions (i.e. brushing teeth)
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Physical Condition
(a factor that affects hygiene) |
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In assessing hygiene what is muscle strength, flexibility/dexterity, balance, coordination, and activity tolerance level considered...
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Self Care Ability
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In assessing hygiene what are personal preferences
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Hygienic Practices
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In assessing hygiene what is the need to consider "personl space" factors prior to procedures such as bed bath
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Cultural Factors
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A localized area of tissue necrosis (death) that tends to develop when soft tissue is compressed between a bony prominence and an external surface for a prolonged period
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Pressure Ulcer/Decubitus Ulcer (bedsore)
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Localized abscence of blood or major reduction of blood flow resulting from mechanical obstruction
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Tissue Ischemia
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Death of cells.
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Necrosis
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Pinkness will not come back after pushing on skin
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Nonblanchable (Ex: edema)
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Stage where there is nonblanchable erythema on exam, skin remains intact, and is relatively easy to repair.
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Decubitus Ulcer Stage I
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Stage of partial thickness, involves dermis and epidermis, appears as an abrasion, blister, or shallow crater on exam, and skin may appear red and puffy
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Decubitus Ulcer Stage II
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Stage where there is full thickness skin loss, includes subcutaneous tissue, may be necrotic, deep cratering and undermining, more difficult to heal due to lack of oxygenation and blood supply.
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Decubitus Ulcer Stage III
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Stage with full thickness ulcer, involves tendon, bone, ligament, and/or joint, extensive destruction and tissue necrosis, and VERY difficult to heal.
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Decubitus Ulcer Stage IV
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Normal red tones of light skinned clients are absent (doesn't normally appear on dark skinned individuals)
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Blanching
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Period of time that it takes for pink coloration to return to nail bed after pressure applied (average time <2 seconds)
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Capillary Refill
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What PHYIOLOGICAL changes take place through bathing:
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-Improved Circulation
-Improved Respirations -Maintenance or improvement of muscle tone |
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When managing a Stage I-II Ulcer what would be sufficient for early erosions?
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Topical antibiotics under moist steril gauze.
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When managing a Stage I-II Ulcer what may be needed for debridement?
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Normal saline wet-to-dry dressings
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When managing a Stage I-II Ulcer what would be considered for use if ulcer has not healed 30% within 2 weeks?
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Hydrogels or hydrocolloid dressings.
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In managing Stage III-IV Ulcers what does surgical management include:
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-Debridement of necrotic tissue
-Bony prominence removal -Flaps -Skin grafts |