Defination Of Chapter 16, 17, 18 And 21

Front 1

plague

Back 1

zoonosis reservoir

spread from infected rodents to humans by fleas. causes buboes "Black Death"

Front 2

tularemia

Back 2

zoonosis reservoir; ususally cottontail rabbits; ulcer formation at the entry site. hazard for taxidermists,

Front 3

relapsing fever

Back 3

transmitted by ticks and human body and head lice; treat with antibiotics; syphilis patients were once purposely infected with relapsing fever to kill syphilis bacteria

Front 4

lyme disease

Back 4

transmitted by deer ticks (Ixodes damini) white-tailed dear are a reservoir. (bulls-eye rash) concentric rings around initial site of tick bite. other symptoms include arthritis, myocarditis. there is a vaccine for dogs, treat with antibiotics

Front 5

endemic (murine) typhus

Back 5

murine refers to rats and mice; transmitted by fleas; disease is self-limited and lasts about 2 weeks if untreated

Front 6

epidemic typhus

Back 6

transmitted to body lice; rash starts on trunk and spreads to extremites ( rarely affects palms or soles) treat with antibiotics

Front 7

brill zinsser disease

Back 7

(recurrence of epidemic typhus) reactivat ion of latent microorganisms harbored in lymph nodes

Front 8

rocky mountain spotted fever

Back 8

transmitted to humans by dog ticks begins on ankles and wrists and progresses toward trunk. rash is prominent on palms and soles; treat with antibiotics

Front 9

rickettsial pox

Back 9

transmitted by mites found on house mice; resemble those of chickenpox; often misdiagnosed as chickenpox

Front 10

yellow fever

Back 10

monkeys are reservoirs of the disease; transmitted to humans by mosquitoes; suffer severe liver damage and become jaundiced.

Front 11

encephalitis

Back 11

usually from a mosquito to a bird, back to a mosquito, and to a horse, human or other animals

Front 12

encephalitis

Back 12

EEE is the most serious (causes sever necrotizing infection of the brain) VEE resembles the flu in humans. SLE occurs in late summer epidemics about every 10 years and is severe in elderly patients

Front 13

encephalitis

Back 13

vaccines are available for horses but are not used on humans for fear of inducing a virulent form of the disease

Front 14

rabies

Back 14

reservoirs; dogs, bats, foxes, coyotes, skunks, raccoons, and bats can be asymptomatic carriers

Front 15

rabies

Back 15

transmission; bite

immunofluorescent antibody test (IFAT)

examined for Negri bodies ( inclusion bodies clusters of viruses in neurons)

Front 16

rabies

Back 16

virus replicates in injured tissues and then slowly mirgrates to nerves where it eventually reaches the central nervous system (brain/spinal)

Front 17

rabies

Back 17

clinical signs; headache, fever, nausea, partial paralysis near the bite site, throat muscles undergo painful spasms, confusion and hallucinations occur

Front 18

rabies

Back 18

treatment; ordinarily there is sufficient time for the bitten individuals to be vaccinated, once symptoms have occurred it is too late to vaccinated and death usually follow quickly, Hyperimmune globulin is also placed deep in the wound and infiltrated around the wound.

Front 19

prion

Back 19

infectious agent composed only of proteins

Front 20

prion

Back 20

includes Kuru and Creutzfeldt-Jakob Disease

Front 21

prion

Back 21

as transmissible spongiform encephalopathies. they give brain tissue a spongy appearance

Front 22

Kuru (laughing death)

Back 22

spread through breaks in the skin. the prepare the dead bodies for cannibalistic consumption.

Front 23

CJD (Creutzfeldt-Jakob Disease)

Back 23

caused by genetic predisposition in some families

Front 24

mad cow disease

Back 24

the practice of boiling down animals remains for livestock feed

Front 25

prions

Back 25

can play a role in Alzheimer's and Parkinson's disease

Front 26

scolded skin infection

Back 26

caused by exotoxins called exfoliatins

Front 27

impetigo

Back 27

occurs almost exclusively in children (pus producing skin infection)

Highly contagious

Front 28

scarlet fever

Back 28

bacteria harbor a prophage that codes for production of erythrogenic (red producing) toxin that causes the fever

Front 29

acne

Back 29

caused by bacteria feeding on sebum oil

Front 30

conjunctivitis (pink eye)

Back 30

highly contagious; caused by bacterial conjunctivitis is usually more pyogenic then viral

Front 31

trachoma

Back 31

pebbled or rough; scarring of eyelids causes eyelashes to point inward; leading cause of preventable blindness worldwide

Front 32

Hansen's Disease

Back 32

two forms of this disease;

tuberculoid- skin lose pigment and sensation

lepromatous- disfiguringskin lesions called lepromas

Front 33

Hansen's Disease

Back 33

must sleep in separate bedrooms and cannot live with children

Front 34

Gas Gangrene

Back 34

causes snap, crackle, and pop sound in crepitant tissue

Front 35

tetanus (lockjaw)

Back 35

spores from dirt are deposited deep in tissue. in anaerobic environment, spastic paralysis results from exotoxin

Front 36

rubella (german measles)

Back 36

rash first appears on trunk

Front 37

measles ( rubeola)

Back 37

febrile disease (white spots with central bluish specks ) Kopliks. rash begins on forehead and spreads to upper extremities, then trunk and then lower extremities

Front 38

chicken pox and shingles

Back 38

red bumps that can become a reservoir for shingles

Front 39

warts

Back 39

caused by papilomaviruses. transmitted by direct contact or my fomites

Front 40

roseola

Back 40

caused by herpesvirus; seen in infants

Front 41

fifth disease (erythema infectiosum)

Back 41

slapped cheek rash ex. sickle cell anemia

Front 42

urethritis

Back 42

inflammation of urethra

Front 43

ureteritis

Back 43

inflammation of the ureter

Front 44

cystitis

Back 44

inflammation of bladder

Front 45

pyelonephritis

Back 45

inflammation of kidneys

Front 46

toxic shock syndrome

Back 46

red rash on the trunk deaths are due to shock

Front 47

vaginitis

Back 47

caused by opportunistic organisms that multiply when the normal vaginal microflora are disturbed by antibiotics

Front 48

syphilis

Back 48

transmitted by saliva; called the great irritator, mental illness accompanies neural damage

Front 49

congenital syphilis

Back 49

the placenta from mother to baby, show signs of notched incisors (hutchinsons teeth) a perforated palate and a deformed tibia (shin bone) an aged face with a saddle shaped nose. treated with antibiotics

Front 50

gonorrhea

Back 50

flow of seed; greek physician in 130 ad mistook pus for semen. dried masses of pus for 6-7 weeks possess pili, attach to epithelial cells and to sperm. use silver nitrate to infants eyes to prevent infections

Front 51

nongonococcal urethritis

Back 51

symptoms are similar to gonorrhea but milder, infants can become infected when passing through the birth canal; cannot be treated with silver nitrate

Front 52

aids

Back 52

this virus uses the enzyme reverse transcriptase to make DNA and RNA

Front 53

aids

Back 53

AZT ( azidothymidine) which is used against HIV helps stop reverse transcription by targeting the enzyme reverse transcriptase

Front 54

aids

Back 54

causes flu-like symptoms; targets and destroys T-helpers cells and macrophage, affecting both B cells and cytotoxic T cells responses

Front 55

aids

Back 55

Kaposi sarcoma tumors of blood vessels sxeen as purplish spots on skin but occur throughout the body

Front 56

hepatitis B virus

Back 56

Aids twin; transmission is the same; some patients develop fulminant hepatitis-a condition of total liver failure. Now a routine vaccine

Front 57

hepatitis C

Back 57

by blood or sexual contact

Front 58

herpes simplex 1

Back 58

oral herpes causes fever blisters or cold sores

Front 59

herpes simplex 2

Back 59

genital herpes

Front 60

herpes

Back 60

oral can become genital and genital can become oral

Front 61

neonatal herpes

Back 61

babies become infected when passing through birthing canal

Front 62

In Utero

Back 62

neonates with disseminated infections usually have central nervous system damage and die within 10 days

Front 63

herpetic whitlow

Back 63

is a lesion on a finger that can result from exposure to oral ocular or genital herpes lesions

treatment; by acyclovir can reduce reoccurance of lesions

Front 64

cytomegalovirus

Back 64

cytomegalic inclusion disease

Front 65

CMV

Back 65

infection in adults and healthy children is usually asymptomatic can cause stillbirths, spontaneous abortions, birth defects; causes systemic infections in AIDS patients "Big Cells"