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55 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
COMPENSATION
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The act of "making up" for a real or imagined inability or deficiency with a specific behavior to maintain self-respect or self-esteem. The person overcomes an inability by becoming proficient in another area. This may occur on a conscious or unconscious level.
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CONVERSION
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The transferring of a mental conflict into a physical problem.
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DENIAL
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The unconscious refusal to face thoughts, feelings, wishes, needs, or reality by refusing to acknowledge its existence. Denial is also defined as blocking the awareness of reality by refusing to acknowledge its existence.
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DISPLACEMENT
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A mechanism that serves to transfer feelings such as frustration, hostility, or anxiety from one idea, person, or object to another. The substitute target is less threatening and allows the person to release emotional reactions.
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DISSOCIATION
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The act of separating and detaching a strong, emotionally charged conflict from one's consciousness. This detached information is blocked from conscious awareness, which allows the person to defer or postpone experiencing an emotional impact or painful feelings.
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FANTASY
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Imagined events or mental images (e.g., daydreaming) to express unconscious conflicts, gratify unconscious wishes, or prepare for anticipated future events.
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IDENTIFICATION (Also referred to as "the imitator")
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Unconsciously, people use it in an attempt to identify with the personality and traits of another. Such behavior preserves one's ego or self, the organized conscious mediator between person and reality.
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INTELLECTUALIZATION
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The act of transferring emotional concerns into the intellectual sphere. The person uses reasoning as a means of avoiding confrontation with unconscious conflicts and their stressful emotions.
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INTROJECTION
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Attributing to oneself the good qualities of another, symbolically taking on the character trait of another person by "ingesting" the philosophy, ideas, knowledge, customs, mores, or attitudes of that person.
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ISOLATION
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The process of separating an unacceptable feeling, idea or impulse from one's thoughts (also referred to as emotional isolation).
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PROJECTION
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Often termed the "scapegoat" defense mechanism. The person rejects unwanted characteristics of self and assigns them to others. The person may blame others for faults, feelings, or shortcomings that are unacceptable to self.
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RATIONALIZATION
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The most common ego defense mechanism, referred to as "self-deception at its subtle best. Rationalization is used to unconsciously justify ideas, actions, or feelings with good, acceptable reasons or explanations. Generally it is used to maintain self-respect, prevent guilt feelings, and obtain social approval or acceptance.
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REACTION FORMATION
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Also referred to as over-compensation. The person exaggerates or overdevelops certain actions by displaying exactly the opposite behavior, attitude or feeling from what he or she normally would show in a given situations. This mechanism is considered a protective drive by which the person prevents painful, undesirable or unacceptable attitudes toward others from emerging. The conscious intent is often altruistic.
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REGRESSION
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Retreating to past levels of behavior that reduce anxiety, allow one to feel more comfortable, and permit dependency.
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REPRESSION
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One of the most common defense mechanism, referred to as the "burying alive mechanism." The person is unable to recall painful or unpleasant thoughts or feelings because they are automatically and involuntarily pushed into one's unconsciousness.
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SUBLIMIATION
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The re-channeling of consciously intolerable or socially unacceptable impulses or behaviors into activities that are personally or socially acceptable.
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SUBSTITUTION
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The unconscious act of replacing a goal when it is blocked. Also defined as the replacement of consciously unacceptable emotions, drives, attitudes, or needs by those that are more acceptable. This mechanism is used to reduce frustration and promote feelings of satisfaction or success.
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SUPRESSION
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Willfully or voluntarily putting unacceptable thought for feeling out of one's mind with the ability to recall the thought or feeling at will. A deliberate, intentional exclusion from the conscious mind is referred to as voluntary forgetting. This mechanism is generally used to protect one's self-esteem.
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SYMBOLIZATION
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An object, idea, or act represents another through some common aspect and carries the emotional feelings associated with the other. External objects may become outward representations of internal ideas, attitudes, or feelings. Symbolization allows emotional self-expression.
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UNDOING (restitution)
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The negation of a previous consciously intolerable action or experience to reduce or alleviate feelings of guilt.
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Tommy who is small for his age is teased at school by the older boys. When he gets home from school, he yells at his sister and kicks the dog.
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DISPLACEMENT
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Johnny is in a wheelchair due to paralysis of the lower limbs. Before his accident, he was the star athlete on the football team. Now he obsessively strives to maintain a 4.0 grade point average in his courses.
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COMPENSATION
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Nancy and Sally are 4 years old. While playing with their dolls, Nancy says to Sally, Don’t hit your dolly! It’s not nice to hit people!”
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INTROJECTION
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Jackie is 4 years old. He has wanted a baby brother very badly, yet when his mother brings home the new sibling from the hospital, Jackie cries to be held when the baby is being fed and even starts to soil his clothing although he has been toilet trained for 2 years.
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REGRESSION
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A young man is late for class. He tells the professor, “Sorry I’m late, but my stupid wife forgot to set the alarm last night!
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PROJECTION
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Nancy was emotionally abused as a child and hates her mother. However, when she talks to others about her mother she tells them how wonderful she is and how much she loves her.
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REACTION FORMATION
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Pete grew up in a rough neighborhood where fighting was a way of coping. He is tough and aggressive and is noticed by the football coach, who makes him a member of the team. Within a year, he becomes a star player.
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SUBLIMIATION
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Fred stops at the bar every night after work and has several drinks. During the past 6 months, he has been charged twice with driving under the influence, both times while driving recklessly after leaving the bar. Last week he was stopped again. The judge ordered rehab services. Fred responded, “I don’t need rehab. I can stop anytime I want to!”
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DENIAL
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Mary tried on a beautiful dress she saw in a store window. When she discovered it cost more than she could afford. She said to the salesperson, “I’m not going to buy it. I really don’t look good in this color.”
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RATIONALIZATION
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Janice is extremely upset when her boyfriend of 2 years breaks up with her. Her best friend tries to encourage her to talk about the breakup, but Janice says, “No need to talk about him anymore. He’s history.”
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SUPRESSION
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While jogging in the park Linda was kidnapped and taken as a hostage by two men who had just robbed a bank. She was held at gunpoint for 2 days until she was able to escape. In her account to the police, she speaks of the encounter with no display of emotion whatsoever.
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ISOLATION
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While Mark was on his way to work, a black cat ran across the road in front of his car. Mark turned the car around, drove back in the direction from which he had come, and took another route to work.
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UNDOING (restitution)
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Carol, age 15 has always wanted to be a teacher. Ms. Frey is Carol’s history teacher and Carol admires everything about her and wants to be just like her. She changes her hair style and style of dress to match that of Ms. Fry.
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IDENTIFICATION (Also referred to as "the imitator")
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Bart is turned down for a job he desperately wanted. He shows no disappointment when relating the situation to his girlfriend. Instead, he reviews the interview and begins to systematically analyze why the interaction was ineffective for him.
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INTELLECTUALIZATION
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Jennifer, age 18, can recall nothing related to an automobile accident in which she was involved 8 years ago in which both of her parents were killed.
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REPRESSION
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EXAMPLE:
A short girl may become manager of a basketball team because she is not tall enough to qualify for the team. An unattractive man selects expensive, stylish clothes to draw attention to himself |
COMPENSATION
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EXAMPLE:
A woman experiences sudden blindness after witnessing a robbery. A man develops paralysis of his lower extremities after he learns his wife has terminal cancer. |
CONVERSION
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EXAMPLE:
A man who is told he has terminal cancer denies the diagnosis by telling his family he had a little tumor on his lung and his doctor "removed all of it." A woman denies that her marriage is falling apart by telling her estranged husband that all couples go through marital slumps and "things will be better tomorrow." |
DENIAL
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EXAMPLE:
Slamming the door when you get angry; yelling at one person when you are angry at another. Parents often displace feelings of anger or frustration towards their children since they are more tolerant recipients of such displacement than other adults. |
DISPLACEMENT
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EXAMPLE:
A woman who was raped was found wandering a busy highway in torn, disheveled clothing. When examined by the emergency room physician, the woman was exhibiting symptoms of traumatic amnesia. She separated and detached her emotional reaction to the rape from her consciousness. |
DISSOCIATION
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EXAMPLE:
Heather, a young woman on a popular television soap opera, fantasized she had a child, as she sat in a rocking chair, held a baby doll, and sang lullabies. |
FANTASY
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EXAMPLE:
A man dresses, walks, talks, sings and acts like Elvis Presley. |
IDENTIFICATION (Also referred to as "the imitator")
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EXAMPLE:
A man shows no emotional response to the "dear John" letter he received from his fiancee. Instead he tells his roommate he is trying to figure out why she changed her mind about the upcoming wedding. The man is using intellectualization as a method of avoiding confrontation with his fiancee. |
INTELLECTUALIZATION
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EXAMPLE:
a patient claimed to be Moses, grew a beard and long hair, wore a blanket and sandals, and read his Bible daily. He refused to participate in activities unless he was called Moses. |
INTROJECTION
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EXAMPLE:
An oncologist is able to care for terminally ill cancer patient by separating or isolating feelings of emotional reaction to the patient's inevitable death. The oncologist focuses on the treatment, not the prognosis. |
ISOLATION
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EXAMPLE:
A man who is late for work states, "My wife forgot to set the alarm last night so I overslept. After spilling a glass of milk while playing cards with a friend, a 10-year-old tells his mother, "Johnny made me spill the milk. He told me to hurry up and play. A common retort is "You made me do it!", or, "See what you made me do!". |
PROJECTION
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EXAMPLE:
A teenaged girl who was not asked to the prom tells her friend, "Johnny really wanted to take me but felt sorry for Susie and took her to the prom". A golfer overdrives the green by about 100 yards and states: "The wind really carried my golfball. I didn't hit it that hard". |
RATIONALIZATION
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EXAMPLE:
A man who dislikes his mother-in-law may act very politely and courteously toward her. A woman who dislikes children may talk very lovingly to a friend's young son (even though she considers him a brat). |
REACTION FORMATION
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EXAMPLE:
A 27-year-old woman acts like a 17-year-old on her first day with a fellow employee. A 5-year-old boy who is toilet trained becomes incontinent during his father's hospitalization. Both persons have regressed to earlier developmental levels to reduce feelings of anxiety. |
REGRESSION
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EXAMPLE:
A woman has a terrible fight with her husband and weeks later is unable to remember the reason for the argument. A man has a serious auto accident and is unable to recall the feelings of fear following the accident. |
REPRESSION
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EXAMPLE:
A college student who has hostile feelings re-channels them by joining the debate team. An aggressive person volunteers to head the United Fund drive in the community. |
SUBLIMIATION
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EXAMPLE:
A student nurse in a associate degree program who feels unable to master the clinical competencies elects to become a respiratory technician. |
SUBSTITUTION
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EXAMPLE:
"I'd rather not talk about it right now", "Let's talk about my accident later," or, "I'm taking a vacation. My problems will still be here when I get back." |
SUPRESSION
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EXAMPLE:
The engagement ring symbolizes love and commitment to another person. |
SYMBOLIZATION
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EXAMPLE:
A man sends flowers to his fiancee after he embarrassed her at a cocktail party. A mother, who sent her son to his room because he broke a dish, decides to let him stay up an hour later to watch television. |
UNDOING (restitution)
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