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8 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Decolonization
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- The most basic cause of imperial collapse was the rising demand of Asian and African people for national self-determination, racial equality and personal dignity
- Demand spread from intellectuals to the masses in nearly every colonial territory after WWI - Power differences between the rulers and the ruled greatly declined by 1945 - After WWII, Europeans wanted to focus on rebuilding and not get into bloody colonial wars |
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India's Decolonization
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- Britain's oldest, largest, non-white possession
- Played a key role in decolonization |
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Mohandas "Mahatma" Gandhi
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- Lawyer in India
- 20th century's most significant and influential figures - In the 1920s and 30s, he built a mass movement preaching nonviolent noncooperation with the British - Got Britain to sign a new constitution that was practically a blueprint for Independence - Britain's Labour Party in 1945 was ready to relinquish soverignty - India's Hindu and Muslim people in 1947 created two separate states, pre-dominately Hindu Inida and Muslim Pakistan |
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China
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- Mao (communist) and Chiang were fighting for independent power
- In 1931, Mao escaped to remote, northern China on a 5,000 mile march - In 1945, their conflect created a civil war - Stalin was giving Mao aid and the U.S. was giving Chiang much more aid - The better organized communist forced the Nationalists to withdraw to the island of Taiwan in 1949 - Mao and the communists united China's 550 million inhabitants in a strong centralized state |
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Philippines
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- Achieved independence peacefulluy from the U.S. in 1946
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Sri Lanka and Burma
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- Britain granted both independence in 1948
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Indonesia
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- Nationalists had to beat off attempts by the Dutch to reconquer the Dutch East Indies
- In 1949, emerged as a sovereign state |
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Indochina
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- French tried to re-establish colonial rule
- Despite American aid they were defeated in 1954 by forces under communist and nationalist guerrilla leader Ho Chi Minh - Was not unified - Two Vietnamese states came into being, which led to civil war and subsequent U.S. intervention |
