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51 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Vitamin A: function
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Vision, embryonic development, growth, tissue differentiation
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Vitamin A: stores, longevity?
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Liver
>1 year |
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Vitamin A: conditions predisposing?
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Fat malabsorption
Poor diet Smoking (beta-carotene) |
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Vitamin A: clinical presentation?
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Follicular hyperkeratosis
Scaling skin Night blindness, blindness Keratomalacia Increased risk for morbidity from infections |
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Follicular hyperkeratosis
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Vitamin A deficiency
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Vitamin A: can it be toxic?
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Yep. Some of the same symptoms as deficiency.
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What is thiamin?
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Vitamin B1
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Vitamin B1: function
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Coenzyme in decarboxylation and transketolation reactions
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Vitamin B1: stores, longevity?
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None
Weeks |
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Vitamin B1: conditions predisposing to deficiency?
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Alcoholism
Inadequate diet Genetic transketolase defect Gastric Bypass |
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Vitamin B1 deficiency: clinical presentation?
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Wet beriberi: cardiomegaly, tachycardia, CHF
Dry beriberi: peripheral neuropathy Alcoholic polyneuropathy Wernicke-Korsakoff syndrome: confabulation, disorientation, etc. |
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Vitamin B1: toxicity?
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None documented
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What is niacin?
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Vitamin B3
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Vitamin B3: function
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Component of NAD, NADP - glycolysis, tissue respiration
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Vitamin B3: stores? longevity?
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None appreciable
Weeks |
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Vitamin B3: conditions predisposing to deficiency?
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Inadequate dietary niacin and tryptophan (uncommon)
Alcohol abuse |
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Vitamin B3: clinical presentation?
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Pellagra - diarrhea, dermatitis in sun-exposed areas, dementia, issues with tongue
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Vitamin B3: toxicity?
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Flushing
N/V/D Liver injury |
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What is pyroxidine?
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Vitamin B6
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Vitamin B6: function?
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Cofactor in numerous reactions, mostly associated with AA metabolism
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Vitamin B6: stores, longevity?
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None appreciable
Weeks (inversely related to protein intake) |
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Vitamin B6: conditions predisposing to deficiency?
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Inadequate intake (uncommon)
Drug interaction |
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Vitamin B6: clinical presentation?
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Polyneuropathy
Oxalate stone formation Glossitis, Cheilosis (nonspecific) |
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Vitamin B6: toxicity?
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Ataxia
Sensory neuropathy |
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Folic acid: function?
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1-carbon group transfer
Biosynthesis Methylation of biological molecules, such as DNA |
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Folic acid: stores? longevity?
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Liver
Months |
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Folic acid: conditions predisposing to deficiency?
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Inadequate diet
Intestinal malabsorption Pregnancy Smoking Antifolate medications |
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Folic acid: clinical presentation?
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Macrocytic anemia
Leukopenia Thrombocytopenia Glossitis Diarrhea Malabsorption Neural tube defects |
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Folic acid: toxicity?
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Can mask B12 deficiency (methyl-folate trap)
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Vitamin B12: stores, longevity?
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Liver
Several years |
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Vitamin B12: conditions predisposing to deficiency?
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Pernicious anemia
Gastric bypass Resection or disease of terminal ileum or stomach Strict vegetarianism (no plant sources) |
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Vitamin B12: clinical presentation?
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Macrocytic anemia
Leukopenia, thrombocytopenia Glossitis Neuropathy, unsteady gait |
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Vitamin B12: toxicity?
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None documented
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Iron: stores, longevity?
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Bone marrow, liver, spleen
Months |
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Iron: conditions predisposing to deficiency?
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Blood loss
Inadequate diet Gastrectomy, gastric bypass surgery, pregnancy |
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Iron: clinical presentation?
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Pallor, fatigue
Ice craving Glossitis Tachycardia Microcytic anemia with advanced deficiency |
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Iron: toxicity?
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Hemochromatosis
Hemosiderosis |
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Vitamin C: functions?
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Hydroxylation of proline, lysin in collagen formation
Helps in GI iron absorption |
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Vitamin C: stores, longevity?
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None
About 6 weeks |
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Vitamin C: conditions predisposing to deficiency?
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Inadequate diet
Smoking Physiologic stress from illness |
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Severe ecchymosis or sheet hemorrhage
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Vitamin C deficiency
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Vitamin C: toxicity?
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Occasional diarrhea
Increased uric acid excretion Interference with tests for urine glucose, stool occult blood Supplements associated with increased CVD mortality in women with diabetes |
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Vitamin D: function
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Facilitates calcium and phosphorous absorption and utilization
Maintenance of skeletal integrity |
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Vitamin D: stores, longevity?
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Liver, skin
Months to years |
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Vitamin D: conditions predisposing to deficiency?
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Chronic fat malabsorption
Gastric bypass Breast feeding without supplementation Inadequate sun exposures Increased age |
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Vitamin D: toxicity?
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Weakness
Fatigue N/V Hypercalcemia Impaired renal function Growth arrest in children |
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Zinc: function?
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Cofactor for >70 enzymes
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Zinc: stores, longevity?
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Bone, muscle
Months |
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Zinc: conditions predisposing to deficiency?
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Malabsorption
Critical illness |
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Zinc: clinical presentation?
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Growth retardation, hypogonadism
Impaired taste and small Dry, scaling skin Poor wound healing |
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Zinc: toxicity
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Possible interference with iron or copper metabolism, immune function
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