Dbd Test 3- Syst Ideas

Front 1

conductance and resistance related by formula...

Back 1

R= 1/C

Front 2

U-value of multiple components...

Back 2

U= 1/ sum of R

Front 3

total heat loss formula...

Back 3

q= UA delta t

Front 4

design equivalent temperature differnece

Back 4

DETD, takes into account air temp diff., effects of the sun, thermal mass storage, colors of finishes and daily temp range

Front 5

design cooling load factor

Back 5

DCLF, takes into account types of glazing, type of interior shading and outdoor design temp

Front 6

sensible heat gain

Back 6

225 btu/hr

Front 7

heat gain from lighting

Back 7

multiply total wattage load of lights by 3.41
for fluorescent lights, multiply the btu/hr by 1.25

Front 8

latent heat gain in residential occupancy equals...

Back 8

30% of the sensible heat gain

Front 9

heat loss through infiltrations =

Back 9

qv= V(1.08) delta T

Front 10

ton of refridgeration =

Back 10

1 ton of 32 deg F ice melts to water at 32 deg in 24 hrs
12,000bru/hr

rule of thumb, divide the total heat gain in btu/hr by 12,000

Front 11

two primary means of xporting heat

Back 11

air and water

Front 12

direct expansion system

Back 12

DX, self contained unit, (window unit)

Front 13

single duct system

Back 13

typical residential, one zone, one thermostat

Front 14

variable air volume system

Back 14

VAV,
single duct
theremostat and control at each room

Front 15

dual duct system

Back 15

high velocity system
2 parallel ducts carrying hot and cold,
thermostat and mixing at each room

Front 16

reaheat system

Back 16

constant volume
fresh outdoor air distributed at constant volume and reheat at each room

Front 17

multizone system

Back 17

central mixing delivered to independently controled zones

Front 18

all water system

Back 18

fan coil in each conditioned space connected to one or two water circuits

Front 19

air water systems

Back 19

used where return air cannot be recirculated such as hospitals or laboratories

Front 20

mechanical room req

Back 20

3-9% of the gross building area

all water req. 1-3%

Front 21

air ducts

Back 21

round are most efficient and produce least amount of pressure loss
rect ducts make better us aof available space

Front 22

main trunk duct

Back 22

follow the path of circulation systems

Front 23

static head

Back 23

pressure req to overcome this firction loss in air duct

Front 24

sizing of low pressure ducts

Back 24

3 ft3 to 6 ft3 for every 1000 sf of floor space served

Front 25

amount of energy used by HVAC systems

Back 25

40% 60% of the overall energy consumption

Front 26

recuperative gas boiler

Back 26

recovers sensible and latent heat from exhaust flue gases
up to 95% efficient

Front 27

displacement ventilation

Back 27

supply air originates at floor level and rised to return grilles in the ceiling
personal control
require access flooring

Front 28

water loop heat pumps

Back 28

series of heat pumps for different zones
only need to cool or heat water when most pumps are in the same mode

Front 29

thermal energy storage

Back 29

allows the use of less expensive off peak hours to cool
store in water, rocks or other thermal mass

Front 30

energy recovery ventilators

Back 30

air to air headt xchanger
reclaim waste enerfy from the exhause air stream and use it to condition the incoming fresh air
most efficient for bldgs occupied 8 hrs per day

Front 31

energy xfer wheel

Back 31

small openings thru which the air passes. wheels impregnated w/ lithiom chloride or other substance to xfer heat

Front 32

water to water heat xchange

Back 32

runaround coil

Front 33

extract air window

Back 33

double paned glass w/ another pane over top

Front 34

ground coup0le heat xchange

Back 34

pipes buried in the ground
long runs of pipes for operation

Front 35

BAS

Back 35

building automation system

Front 36

TAB

Back 36

testing, adjusting and balancing
traditional commissioning

Front 37

solar orientation

Back 37

rectangular building is best oriented slightly east of south approx. 15 deg

Front 38

bldg w/ less surface area...

Back 38

generally use less energy
minimizing works best in cold climates

Front 39

long thing bldgs...

Back 39

improve daylighting and ventilation

Front 40

external load dominated

Back 40

few occupants

Front 41

internal load dominated

Back 41

many occupants, lighting and equipment

Front 42

extensive green roof

Back 42

less than 6in soil depth
minimal landscaping

Front 43

intensive green roof

Back 43

thicker soil and complex landscapes

Front 44

electrochromic glazing

Back 44

changes cont. from dark to clear as low voltage elect current is applied

Front 45

photochromic glasing

Back 45

darkens under sunlight
like changing sunglasses

Front 46

thermochromic glazing

Back 46

darkens in response to temp

Front 47

dynamic buffer zone

Back 47

outer layer of glazing built around an existing building
controls humidity and condensation issues with new construction

Front 48

electric lighting and coolign account for.....energy use

Back 48

30 to 40% and as much as 50%

Front 49

daylight factor

Back 49

DF
raio of the indoor illuminance at a point on a horizonatal surface to the unobstructed exterior horiz. illum

Front 50

recommended daylight factors

Back 50

1.5% dfor ordinary visual tasks
4% for dificult tasks

Front 51

spectral selective glazing

Back 51

gives high VLT and good SHGC

Front 52

VLT

Back 52

visible light xmittance
amt of light thru glazing

Front 53

SHGC

Back 53

solar heat gain coefficient
amt of heat thru glazing

Front 54

VLT for good glare control

Back 54

50-70%

Front 55

minimum surface reflectances

Back 55

80% for ceiling
50-70% for walls
20-40% for floors

Front 56

LEED credit for glazing factor

Back 56

2-75% for all space being occupied

Front 57

LEED credit for renewable energy

Back 57

one each at 5%, 10% and 20%

Front 58

ground source heat pump

Back 58

GSHP
extract heat from ground in winter or give off excess heat in summer
save from 20-50% on enerfy consumption and 50% on water heating

Front 59

GSHP pipe needs

Back 59

400ft of pipe for every 12,000 btu/hr

Front 60

photovoltaic array angle

Back 60

azimuth: 15 degrees east of south

altitude: latitude of the building plus or minus 15 degrees

Front 61

ph

Back 61

measure of the relative acidity or alkalinity of water
scale of 0-14
<7 is acidic
>7 is alkaline

Front 62

acidic water

Back 62

w/ oxygen can cause iron and stl to rust

Front 63

rainwater is slightly...

Back 63

acidic, but combies w/ sulfur and nitrogen to fall as "acid rain"

Front 64

water hardness

Back 64

caused by calcium and magnesium salts
treated through an ion exchange process

Front 65

turbidity

Back 65

suspended material in the water

Front 66

water color and odor problems caused by...

Back 66

organic matter, inorganic salts or dissolved gases

Front 67

two of most important considerations for a well...

Back 67

depth and yeild

Front 68

well depth

Back 68

range from 25 ft (shallow well) to several hundred

Front 69

well yeild

Back 69

gallons per minute
5 gpm to 10 gpm is minimum req.

Front 70

water pumps

Back 70

suction, deep well jet, turbine and submersible

Front 71

well components

Back 71

pump, storage tank or pressure tank

Front 72

pressure tank

Back 72

used to maintain a constant pressure for building use

Front 73

municipal water pressure

Back 73

approx. 50 psi

Front 74

primary water supply types

Back 74

upfeed and downfeed

Front 75

static head

Back 75

pressure req to push water vertically
0.433 psi to lift water 1 ft

Front 76

upfeed system

Back 76

uses pressure in the water main directly to supply the fixtures

Front 77

downfeed system

Back 77

water from the main is pumped to storage tanks near the top of the building or at the top of the zone served and flows by gravity to the fixtures

Front 78

direct upfeed pumping system

Back 78

tankless system
several pumps are used together controlled by a pressure sensor

Front 79

pipe types

Back 79

copper, steel, plastic or brass
copper most common
where water not corrosive steel or galvanized pipe can be used, but more difficult to assemple

Front 80

copper pipe

Back 80

K, L, M
straight lengths (hard temper)
coils (soft temper)
seal by soldering

Front 81

plastic pipe

Back 81

PE
ABS-
PVC
PVDC
sealed by melting (sweating) together

Front 82

golbe valve

Back 82

water flow is variable, such as faucets and hose bibs
compresses a washer against a seat

Front 83

gate valve

Back 83

seats a metal wedge against two metal parts

Front 84

check valve

Back 84

backflow valve
prevents flow from returning backward to contaminate

Front 85

sum of all fixture values...

Back 85

must be equal or less than the water main pressure

Front 86

smaller the diameter pipe...

Back 86

the greater the friction

Front 87

greater the flow rate in a pipe...

Back 87

the greater the friction

Front 88

fixture units

Back 88

used to determine water demand
equal to 1 cu ft/ min.

Front 89

flow does not increase in direct proportion to...

Back 89

an increase in load

Front 90

expansion of piping

Back 90

must be accounted for in building design

Front 91

peak hourly demand

Back 91

0.4 gal per person for an office bldg
12 gal per unit for a small apt building

Front 92

recovery rate

Back 92

number of gallons per hour of cold water that the heater can raise to the desired temp

Front 93

size hot water piping

Back 93

number of fixtures requiring hot water is multiplied by 0.75

Front 94

water heater temperature

Back 94

set to the highest temp that is req at the point of use
110 deg for shower
180 deg for commercial laundry

Front 95

direct heating

Back 95

brings water directly into contact w/ heated surfaces

Front 96

indirect heating

Back 96

intermediary xfer medium to heat the water

Front 97

water heater components

Back 97

storage tank, tankless, circulating

Front 98

electric instantaneous heater

Back 98

remote areas impractical for cont. piping. pricey

Front 99

solar water heater components

Back 99

solar collectyor, storage tank, assoc. piping to move fluids and backup heater

Front 100

solar direct system

Back 100

open loop
water used in the building is the same water that is heated in the solar collectors
may freeze

Front 101

solar indirect system

Back 101

closed loop
separate fluid for heat collection, heat xfer to water

Front 102

batch system

Back 102

heats water directly in a block painted tank inside a glazed box
can freeze and lose heat at night

Front 103

thermosiphon system

Back 103

relies on natural movement of heated water to circ.

Front 104

closed loop active system

Back 104

seperate non freezing fluid pumped through collector and xfer heat to water
lose effieciency in xfer

Front 105

drain down system

Back 105

drain out water from system during freeze periods

Front 106

drain back system

Back 106

closed loop that drains fluid back to storage tank when sensor finds temp too low

Front 107

phase change system

Back 107

closed loop w/ phase change material as collector fluid. takes in latent heat as well

Front 108

sanitary drainage

Back 108

drainage including human waste

Front 109

blackwater

Back 109

sewage incl human waste

Front 110

graywater

Back 110

sewage not incl human waste

Front 111

trap

Back 111

locate at every fixture
seal that prevents sewage system

Front 112

branch circuit

Back 112

last line on elect diagram

Front 113

duct lining

Back 113

effective at removing low freq noise from HVAC system

Front 114

ADA urinal flush height

Back 114

44"

Front 115

high coefficient of thermal expansion

Back 115

plastic is higher than steel

Front 116

highest large building operating cost

Back 116

constant volume reheat

Front 117

coefficient of utilization

Back 117

reach the work plane

Front 118

noise generated in a room can be most easily controlled by...

Back 118

absorbtion

Front 119

vaccum breaker

Back 119

allows air into system to avoid suction of gases through trap
not req. for plumbing drainage system (most important for human waste lines)