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47 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Endocrine glands release their hormones _____________________.
(Differentiate from exocrine) |
directly into the blood.
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Exocrine glands relase their hormones _____________________.
(Differentiate from endocrine) |
into ducts.
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Hormones that can pass through cell membranes and reach receptors inside target cells are
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steroid hormones.
(Broader spectrum) |
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Hormones that bind only to specific receptors on the outside of target cells are
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protein hormones.
(More specific targets, uses cyclic AMP as messenger inside the cell) |
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The two main systems that are responsible for maintaining homeostasis are
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the nervous system and the endocrine system.
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The ________ pituitary stores and releases hormones that are produced in the hypothalamus.
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posterior
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The ________ pituitary produces 5 main hormones that help control the other or endocrine glands and one broad spectrum hormone.
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anterior
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The hormone responsible for utirine contractions or the "let down" of milk for breastfeeding is
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oxytocin
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The action of ADH (antidiuretic hormone) is
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to increase the re absorption of water by the kidney and therefore decrease urine output.
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Diabetes Insipitus is characterized by
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too little ADH and therefore very urine volume.
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The hormone that stimulates growth and cellular reproduction in humans is
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HGH or human growth hormone.
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The hormone that stimulates the mammary glands to produce milk is
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prolactin.
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FSH (follicle stimulating hormone) in females is responsible for
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the maturation of follicle cells and eggs in the ovaries.
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The hormone responsible for stimulating sertoli cells in males and therefore increasing sperm production is
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FSH (follicle stimulating hormone).
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The hormone most directly responsible for ovulation in females is
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LH (Luteinizing hormone).
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LH (luteinizing hormone) in males is responsible for stimulating
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testosterone production from lydig cells (interstitial cells) in the testicles.
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The hormone that targets the thyroid is
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TSH (Thyroid stimulating hormone)
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ACTH (Adrenocorticotropic hormone) targets the
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cortex of the arenal glands.
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Give three human problems that result from improper levels of HGH.
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Too little in children leads to dwarfism.
Too much in children leads to giantism. Too much as an adult leads to acromegaly. |
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The main hormone responsible for regulating metabolism is
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thyroxine (T4).
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Too little idoine in the blood will cause
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too little thyroxine to be created and will lead to goiter (swollen thyroid gland).
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This hormone will cause calicum to be removed from the blood and stored in bone tissue
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calcitonin.
(Created in the thyroid gland). |
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Too little thyroxine in the blood will cause the _______ gland to release ________ which will target the _________ gland to release more thyroxine.
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pituitary
TSH Thyroid |
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PTH (parathormone) is released by the parathyroid glands and causes
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calcium to be released into the blood system (from bones, and also increase absoption in kidneys or food.)
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Symptoms of hypothyroidism include
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Fatigue
Weight gain Coarse, dry hair Cold intolerance Decreased libido |
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Symptoms of hyperthyroidism include
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Nervousness
Heat intolerance Weight loss Warm moist skin (myxedema) Staring gaze |
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Goiter has virtually been eliminated from developed countries by
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iodizing salt.
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Which part of the pancreas secretes insulin?
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The Islets of Langerhans (beta cells)
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Which part of the pancreas secretes glucagon?
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The Islets of Langerhans (alpha cells)
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Which hormone is released as a result of increased blood sugar levels?
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Insulin.
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Glucose is stored as ___________ in the liver.
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glycogen.
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When blood sugar levels drop below normal levels this hormone is released.
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Glucagon.
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Diabetes Mellitus is
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too little insulin production.
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Type 1 diabetes can be managed by
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blood sugar monitoring and insulin injections.
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Type 2 diabetes can be managed by
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diet and oral medication.
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Common symptoms of Diabetes Mellitus include
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Short term effects :
High urine volume Increased thirst Fatigue Long term effects: eye, kidney, heart problems trouble with ulcers and feeling in your extremities glucose in urine acetone breath |
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Hypoglycaemia is
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too little blood sugar.
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Other treatments for Type 1 diabetes other than insulin injections include
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The pump or Islet transplants.
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In times of stress, which endocrine gland is targeted by both the NS system and the endocrine system?
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The adrenal gland.
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The cotex of the adrenal gland when targeted by _______, will release ___________.
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ACTH
Cortisol, and Aldosterone. |
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When released during times of stress, cortisol in the blood
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increases blood pressure and blood sugar levels and suppresses the immune system.
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When aldosterone is released into the blood it
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increases Na+ re-absorption in the kidney, and therefore water follows Na+ back into blood and
keeps blood fluid high. |
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epinephrin or adrenalin when released into the blood
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increases heart rate and stroke volume, dilates the pupils, and constricts arterioles in the skin and gut while dilating arterioles in leg muscles.
Generally gets the body ready for a fight or fligh response. |
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pituitary gland
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The gland labeled "2" is the
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Diabetes Mellitus.
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If gland "7" was removed or impaired, what condition would result?
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Glands 3 (thyroid) and 4 (Parathyroid)
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Which glands are most involved in blood calcium balance?
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side 1, the side that regulates hypothalamus secretions.
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The posterior pituitary is labeled here as
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