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28 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Maslow's Hierarchy of Human Needs
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3 Deficiency or D needs, and 2 Being needs or B needs / not necessarily in order
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Deficiency needs (D needs)
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Need for basic life, food, shelter & Need for safe/secure environment & Need to belong and be loved
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Being needs (B needs)
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Need for esteem &Need for self-actualization
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Needs-Based Motivation
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The theory that human behavior is based on specific human needs that must often be met in a specific order (Abraham Maslow)
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Piaget's Theory of Moral Development
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Stage 1: sensorimotor Birth to 2 years (totally self centered) / Stage 2: preoperational 2 to 7 years ( child views world from his or her own perspective / Stage 3: concrete operational (see right and wrong and adults as controlling / 7 to 12 years / Stage 4: formal operational 12 years and older (they begin to understand what is right and wrong)
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Kohlberg's Moral Development Theory
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Level 1: Pre-conventional morality / Level 2: Conventional morality / Level 3: Post-conventional morality / Stage 1: social contract and individual rights / Stage 2: universal principles
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Abraham Maslow
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published motivation and personality, identified needs that motivate our actions 1908 to 1970
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Maslow's Theory
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human behavior is based on specific human needs that must often be met in a specific order
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Jean Piaget
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1896 to 1980, swiss developmental psychologist and philosopher, he strongly believed in the education of children, by observing children playing he discovered 4 levels of moral development
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Lawernce Kohlberg
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Oct 1927 to jan 1987 Psychology Professor at the university of Chicago, kohl bergs work expanded Jean Piagets, work.
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Consequence oriented theory (aka theological theory)
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judges the rightness of a decision based on the outcome
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utilitarianism
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greater happiness for the greatness number
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principle of utility
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used in utilitarianism, requires the rule to make decision brings about positive results when generalized to a wide variety of situations
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deontological duty oriented theory
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focuses on essential rightness or wrongness of act, not consequence (Immanuel Kant, father of duty oriented theory, he defined categorial imperative
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categorical imperative
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the guiding principle for all decision making, right answers are based on determined principles regardless of outcome
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virtue ethics
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focuses on traits, characteristics and virtues that a moral person should have (someone who has practical wisdom, sense of justice, and courage will make the right decision)
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Alasdair McIntyre
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(wrote about virtue ethics) 1929 to present, the loyalty to the roe we play help us make out decision (nurse refusing to give CPR)
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Steps in ethical decision making
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identify problem and who will be effected 2. collect facts, 3 list the options, 4 evaluate potential options from step three, 5 make your decision and act 6 assess the results
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seven universal principles of health care ethics
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1. autonomy and self determination 2. beneficence 3. nonmaleficence 4. confidentiality 5. justice 6. role fidelity 7. veracity
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autonomy and self determination
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capacity to be ones own person, making decisions on one's own resources, and not be manipulated or dictated to by external forces
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beneficence
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acts of charity and mercy, promote health for the patient above any other considerations
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nonmaleficence
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the duty to do no harm, drugs make this hard to follow, drugs have side effects so hard to do these days
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confidentiality
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keeping information private
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hippa
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health information portability and accountability act
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Justice
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...
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role fidelity
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health care practitioners have a specific scope of practice for which they are licensed, and must practice within these.
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veracity
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truth telling, sometimes ambiguous, example placebos
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unique focus of health care
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persons health is paramount, HCP are required to make sound decisions that are concerned with the patients well being and family's sometimes as well
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