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17 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Proton Motive Force |
the proton gradient generated by the oxidation of NADH and FADH2 powers the synthesis of ATP |
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ATP synthase |
composed of a proton conducting unit and a catalytic unit faces matrix C ring rotates fuel is proton |
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One rotation of C-ring |
produces 3 ATP Gamma causes a change in Alpha Beta subunits by 120 degrees |
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Beta |
ATP synthesis location |
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O form |
nucleotides can bind to or be released from the beta subunit (empty) |
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L (loose form) |
nucleotides are trapped in beta subunit |
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t (tight form) |
ATP synthesized from ADP to Pi |
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What powers ATP synthesis |
the flow around the c ring |
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How to get NADH from the cytosol into the mitochondria or the liver/heart |
Mitochondria the glycerol 3 phosphate shuttle liver/heart malate aspartate shuttle |
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Glycerol 3 phosphate shuttle |
producing NADH NADH holding electrons want NADH to mitochondria shuttles electrons to FADH2 in complex 2 |
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Malate aspartate shuttle |
NADH from cytoplasm to matrix with malate |
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number of c rings |
the less c rings the more efficient it is at making ATP vertebrates have 8 making it the most efficient |
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ATP ADP translocase |
enables the exchange of cytoplasmic ADP of mitochondrial ATP ADP must enter the mitochondria for ATP to leave translocase is powered by the proton motive force |
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how to get the Pi |
phosphate carrier OH- in cytoplasm to phosphate in matrix |
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complete oxidation of glucose yields |
about 30 molecules of ATP 26 in oxidative phoshporylation metabolism of glucose to two molecules of pyruvate in glycolysis yields the remaining ATP |
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Uncoupling |
leads to the generation of heat e transport is uncoupled from ATP synthesis, heat is generated, a process called nonshivering thermogenesis facilitated by thermogenin--integral protein of the inner mitochondrial membrane occurs in mitochondria in brown fat, called brown fat mitochondria |
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Oxidative phosphorylation inhibition |
inhibiting oxidative phosphorylation by inhibiting the formation of the proton-motive force inhibition of ATP synthase by inhibiting proton flow uncouplers enables the electron transport chain to function but ATP synthesis doesn't occur inhibition of the ATP ADP translocase |
