Dawns Cpp Redux

Front 1

What is BCMS?

Back 1

2. Part of the overall management system that establishes, implements, operate, monitors, reviews, maintains and improve business continuity.Notes: An example is a Business Continuity Management audit, it is seen as a method by which procedures and documentation are measured against pre-agreed (BCM) standards.(Source: ISO 22301:2012 – Societal Security – Business Continuity Management Systems - Requirements)- clause 3.53. That part of the overall management system that establishes, implements, operates, monitors, reviews, maintains and improves business continuity.

Front 2

Name Three Financial Statements

Back 2

1. Income Statement

2. Balance Sheet

3. Statement of Cash flows

Front 3

Define Income Statement

Back 3

The income statement shows all items of income and expense for your arts or crafts business. It reflects a specific time period. So, an income statement for the quarter ending March 31, shows revenue and expenses for January, February and March; if the income statement is for the calendar year ending December 31, it would contain all your information from January 1 to December 31.Income statements are also known as statements of profit and loss or P&Ls. The bottom line on an income statement is income less expenses.

Front 4

Define Balance Sheet

Back 4

Accounting is based upon a double entry system - for every entry into the books there has to be an opposite and equal entry. The net effect of the entries is zero, which results your books being balanced. The proof of this balancing act is shown in the balance sheet when Assets = Liabilities + Equity.The balance sheet shows the health of a business from day one to the date on the balance sheet. Balance Sheets are always dated on the late day of the reporting period. If you’ve been in business since 1997 and your balance sheet is dated as of December 31 of the current year, the balance sheet will show the results of your operations from 1997 to December 31

Front 5

Define Statement of Cash Flows

Back 5

The statement of cash flows shows the ins and outs of cash during the reporting period. You may be thinking – well who needs that type of report? I’ll just look at the checkbook. Good point, unless you’re reporting things that don’t immediately affect cash such as depreciation, accounts receivable and accounts payable.If I could only choose one of those three financial statements to evaluate the ability of a company to pay dividends and meet obligations (indicating a healthy business) I would pick the statement of cash flows. The statement of cash flows takes aspects of the income statement and balance sheet and kind of crams them together to show cash sources and uses for the period.

Front 6

What is the formula to calculate ROI (Return on Investment)?

Back 6

Gross Profit = Gross Revenue – Cost of Goods Sold [here’s an article that shows you how to calculate COGS]

Gross Profit = Gross Revenue * Profit Margin (the % of your revenue that is actually profit)

Front 7

What is a Cost Benefit Analysis?

Back 7

Cost-benefit analysis (CBA) is an analytical tool for assessing and the pros and cons of moving forward with a business proposal. A formal CBA tallies all of the planned project costs, quantifies each of the tangible benefits and calculates key financial performance metrics such as return on investment (ROI), net present value (NPV), internal rate of return (IRR) and payback period. The costs associated with taking action are then subtracted from the benefits that would be gained. As a general rule, the costs should be less than 50 percent of the benefits and the payback period shouldn't exceed 12 months

Front 8

What percentage of full time US employees are on drugs?

Back 8

8%

Front 9

Name the four types of evidence

Back 9

Statistical Evidence

Testimonial Evidence

Anecdotal Evidence

Analogical Evidence

Front 10

What can an employer ask about during a job interview?

Back 10

Convictions

Guilty Please

Nolo Contendere

Front 11

Define Herzbergs Motivational (Hygiene) Theory

Back 11

The two-factor theory (also known as Herzberg's motivation-hygiene theory and dual-factor theory) states that there are certain factors in the workplace that cause job satisfaction, while a separate set of factors cause dissatisfaction. It was developed by psychologist Frederick Herzberg, who theorized that job satisfaction and job dissatisfaction act independently of each other.[1]

Motivators (e.g. challenging work, recognition for one's achievement, responsibility, opportunity to do something meaningful, involvement in decision making, sense of importance to an organization) that give positive satisfaction, arising from intrinsic conditions of the job itself, such as recognition, achievement, or personal growth,[4] andHygiene factors (e.g. status, job security, salary, fringe benefits, work conditions, good pay, paid insurance, vacations) that do not give positive satisfaction or lead to higher motivation, though dissatisfaction results from their absence. The term "hygiene" is used in the sense that these are maintenance factors. These are extrinsic to the work itself, and include aspects such as company policies, supervisory practices, or wages/salary.[4][5] Herzberg often referred to hygiene factors as "KITA" factors, which is an acronym for "kick in the ass", the process of providing incentives or threat of punishment to make someone do something.According to Herzberg, hygiene factors are what causes dissatisfaction among employees in a workplace. In order to remove dissatisfaction in a work environment, these hygiene factors must be eliminated

Front 12

Define Probability

Back 12

Probability is the chance that something will happen - how likely it is that some event will happen.Sometimes you can measure a probability with a number like "10% chance of rain", or you can use words such as impossible, unlikely, possible, even chance, likely and certain.

Front 13

What is the minimum an emergency plan is tested?

Back 13

Annually

Front 14

Define Vital Records

Back 14

Records necessary to insure the survival of the business, generally constitute no more than 2 percent of a corporations records.

Front 15

Who should responsibility for a plant shutdown be assigned?

Back 15

Those familiar with the shutdown process.

Front 16

What does partial evacuation include for a high rise building?

Back 16

The floor above and the floor below the threat, incident.

Front 17

What are the four legs of fire:

Back 17

1. Heat

2. Fuel

3. Oxygen

4. Chemical Reaction

Front 18

Name both types of manual fire alarm stations

Back 18

Local alarms: alert personnel in building

Station alarms: signal is transmitted directly to a monitoring statoin

Front 19

Mutual Aid Association

Back 19

A cooperative organization of industrial firms, business firms, and similar orgs within an industrial communities that are united by a voluntary agreement to assist each other by providing materials, equipment and personnel needed to ensure effective industrial disaster control during emergencies.

Front 20

What is the greatest single destroyer of property?

Back 20

Fire

Front 21

How does the ionization fire detector warn of fire?

Back 21

by responding to invisible products of combustion emitted by a fire at its earliest/incipient stage.

Front 22

What fire detector responds to predetermined temperature or to an increase in temperature?

Back 22

Thermal Detector

Front 23

What fire detector responds to changes or interruption in the light source:

Back 23

Photoelectric Smoke Detector

Front 24

In connection with corporate kidnappings by terrorist, the decision whether ransom should be paid is made by whom?

Back 24

The highest corporate level official

Front 25

The development of an effective emergency disaster plan should include what elements:

Back 25

1. Written

2. Contain inventory of available resources

3. List preventative measures

Front 26

At the time of a strike, if no guard force is available, what action should be taken?

Back 26

Supervisory personnel should be mobilized into a patrol group

Front 27

What is the percentage of real bomb threats?

Back 27

2-5%

Front 28

What are vital records?

Back 28

1. Incorporation papers

2. By-laws of the corporation

3. The stock record books

4. Board of Director minutes and certain corporate finance records.

Front 29

What is the number of security personnel required to cover a single post around the clock on three eight hour shifts?

Back 29

4.5-5 persons

Front 30

Span of Control

Back 30

Refers to the number of personnel over which one can effectively supervise

Front 31

Chain of Command

Back 31

The path along which authority flows

Front 32

Unity of Command

Back 32

Employee should have only one immediate superior to whom the employee should report

Front 33

Theory X and Theory Y Developer

Back 33

Douglas McGregor

Front 34

Theory X

Back 34

Average employee has little ambition, dislikes work and must be coerced, controlled, and directed to achieve objectives.

Autocratic Approach to management

Front 35

Theory Y

Back 35

Average employee likes work, self-directed, creative, imaginative.

This theory encourages managers to support and encourage employees in efforts to higher achievement.

Front 36

Herzbergs Theory

Back 36

Work Motivation Theory:

States motivation comes from work achievement not from salary or job security.

Front 37

Theory Z

Back 37

Japanese style, emphasizes humanized working conditions along with attention by management to enhance trust and close personal relationships.

Front 38

MBO - Management by Objectives

Back 38

Peter Drucker developed, in this approach both subordinate and superior agree on measurable goals to be achieved primarily by the subordinate over a stated period of time.

Front 39

What percentage of activated alarms are false?

Back 39

95-99%

Front 40

Define PML

Back 40

Possible Maximum Loss - maximum loss sustained if a given target is totally destroyed or removed.

Probable Maximum Loss-amount of loss a target is likely to sustain.

Front 41

Define ALE

Back 41

Annual Loss Expectancy

Front 42

Define CPTED

Back 42

Crime Prevention through Environmental design advocates that the proper design and effective use of the building environment leads to a reduction in crime and a reduction in the fear of crime.

Front 43

Theft Triangle

Back 43

1. Motivation

2. Opportunity

3. Rationalization

Front 44

Who should the head of security report to from an organizational standpoint?

Back 44

A vice president or higher

Front 45

Who should an applicants first interview be with?

Back 45

A personnel interviewer

Front 46

What department of the company administers recruiting activities?

Back 46

Personnel Department

Front 47

The heart of personnel selection is what?

Back 47

Interview

Front 48

In a non-entry level recruiting, the recommended technique is what?

Back 48

Blind Ad

Front 49

Ultimate responsibility for the internal security in a department should rest with whom?

Back 49

Line Supervisor

Front 50

Risk Assessment

Back 50

Process of determining the probablity and cost of potential loss

Front 51

Loss Event Criticality

Back 51

Impact or effect on the enterprise if the loss occurs

Front 52

Loss Event Profile

Back 52

Spotting the individual loss events that might take place is the primary step in dealing with security vulnerability.

Front 53

Loss Event Probability

Back 53

Likelihood or probability of risks affecting the assets becoming actual loss events

Front 54

What book did Oscar Neuman publish:

Back 54

Defensible Space: presented ideas and applied strategies from the NY public housing project to aid in reducing the risk of being victimized and reducing fear of crime when on the streets.

Front 55

From a security perspective, what is the first factor to be considered in facility construction?

Back 55

The building site itself

Front 56

Security Survey

Back 56

Critical on site examination and analysis of an industrial plant business, home or public or private institution to ascertain the present security status, to identify deficiencies or excesses to determine the protection needed to make recommendations to improve the overall security.

Front 57

What are the two definitions of risk?

Back 57

1. Pure Risk

2. Dynamic Risk

Front 58

What steps are used in crime analysis:

Back 58

Data Collection

Data Analysis

Dissemination

Feedback

Front 59

Bonds which require than an employee be investigated by the bonding company to limit the risk of dishonest, and if that trust is violated, the insurance company must indemnify the employer are known as...

Back 59

Fidelity Bonds

Front 60

Insurance rates are dependent upon what two primary variables?

Back 60

Cost of Claims

Frequency of Claims

Front 61

Protection for a corporation, if there is failure to perform specified acts within a certain period of time is known as what...

Back 61

Surety Bond

Front 62

What types of protection are utilized by security personnel

Back 62

Fidelity Bonds

Surety Bonds

Burglary/Robbery/Theft Insurance

Front 63

What is the urban planning and design process which integrates crime prevention techniques with neighborhood design?

Back 63

Environmental Security (E/S)

Front 64

The ability of design to counteract the perception that the area is isolated and criminal vulnerable is known as...

Back 64

Image and Milieu

Front 65

What is the greatest ongoing threat to any business?

Back 65

Internal Theft

Front 66

A line item budge is the traditional and most frequently used method of budgeting, what are two other commonly used techniques?

Back 66

Capital and Program Budgets

Front 67

Pilferage is defines as stealing in small quantities over a long period of time. The taking of property entrusted to someone else is called what?

Back 67

Embezzlement

Front 68

The practice of preventing unauthorized persons from gaining information by analyzing electromagnetic emanations from electronic equipment is often termed?

Back 68

Tempest

Front 69

What are the two major types of surveillance?

Back 69

Physical

Technical

Front 70

Picric Acid

Back 70

Yellow colored crystalline solid

Front 71

Nitrocellulose

Back 71

Not a high explosive

Front 72

What is not a requirement for a successful undercover investigation?

Back 72

Developing necessary evidence for prosecution

Front 73

The principal item of expense in an investigations budget is what?

Back 73

Personnel Costs

Front 74

The single most important administrative control in handling investigations is what?

Back 74

Indexing

Front 75

As a general rule the number of consecutive years of employment or non-employment to be verified preceding the date of investigation are?

Back 75

5 years

Front 76

Any investigation containing unfavorable information should be retained in files for a period of how long?

Back 76

3 years

Front 77

The rule which states that approximately one in ten applications will have major omissions which will require going back to the applicant is called what?

Back 77

The Rule of Ten

Front 78

If an interviewee during investigations is hostile, it is preferable to conduct the interview where?

Back 78

At the security office

Front 79

What is the process whereby communications are intercepted or recorded?

Back 79

Technical Surveillance

Front 80

Why is it becoming increasingly more difficult to do a good pre-employment background investigation?

Back 80

Various laws and court decisions which inhibit the use of techniques and or instruments available.

Front 81

Where should interviews be conducted?

Back 81

An area where distractions are minimal

Front 82

The most consistently available and most valuable sources of information are?

Back 82

Persons involved in the incident

Front 83

An undercover operator should be?

Back 83

Unknown by anyone likely to be in the target population

Front 84

What is the general rule incident to interviewing individuals in an investigation?

Back 84

Interview those who are unlikely to be available later first.

Front 85

Proprietary Information

Back 85

Information of value owned by or entrusted to a company which relates to the operations of the company and which has not been disclosed publicly

Front 86

Trade Secret

Back 86

Part of a company's proprietary information, including formula, pattern, compilation, etc.

three basic requirements: must be competitive advantage, must be secret, must be used in the business of the owner

Formula for Coca Cola

Front 87

Patent Laws

Back 87

A government grant conveying and securing the exclusive right to make, use, and sell an invention for a term of 17 years.

Front 88

What is a clandestine listening device?

Back 88

Bug

Front 89

A microphone with a large disk-like attachment used for listening to audio from great distances is known as what?

Back 89

Parabolic microphone

Front 90

The control software of a private board exchange (PBX) can be accessed and compromised by calling the telephone number of a device on the PBX from a computer and modem, the name of this PBX device is what?

Back 90

Remote Maintenance Access Terminal

Front 91

Ficuciaries

Back 91

Class of person under a duty to safeguard a proprietary secret

Front 92

Chief reason for the loss of information about sensitive operations?

Back 92

Lost through inadvertent disclosure

Front 93

Chief reason for loss of information about sensitive operations

Back 93

Inadvertent disclosure

Front 94

What does eavesdropping refer to?

Back 94

Wiretapping and bugging

Front 95

A microphone which has the characteristics of requiring no power source to operate, is quite small, relatively difficult to detect, and is offered by equipment suppliers in such items as cuff links and hearing aides

Back 95

Dynamic Microphone

Front 96

Microphone normally installed on a common wall adjoining a target area when it is impractical or impossible to enter the area to make a microphone installation

Back 96

Contact Microphone

Front 97

Business Strategy

Back 97

Defines the purpose of the business, in order to implement the strategy management develops appropriate administrative practices.

May be current, 3-5 years out.

Front 98

Name three financial reports that have become accepted as standard and are able to paint a clear picture of a companies current and prospective financial health?

Back 98

1. Income Statement

2. Balance Sheet

3. Statement of Cash Flows

Front 99

Tells How much money an organization generates (revenue), how much it spends (expenses), and the difference between those figures (net income).

Net income = Revenue - Expenses

Back 99

Income Statement

Front 100

EBITA

Back 100

Earnings Before Interest, Taxes, and amortization

Front 101

What summarizes an organizations investing and financing and uses the underlying equation which must be equal:

assets=liabilities + shareholder equity?

Back 101

Balance Sheet

Front 102

What financial document provides insight into how cash inflows and outflows affect an organization?

Back 102

Cash Flow Statement

Front 103

Gross Profit Margin

Back 103

Provides insight into the efficiency of manufacturing a product.

Gross Profit Margin = (Revenue-Cost of Goods Sold-General and Administrative Costs)/Revenue

Front 104

Operating Margin

Back 104

Demonstrates the company's overall operating efficiency in producing and selling a product.

Operating Margin=EBITA/Revenue

Front 105

Net Profit Margin

Back 105

Measures net profit after all expenses are included.

Net Profit Margin=Net Income/Revenue

Front 106

What two ratios demonstrate how well a firm has done in making money for a reporting period?

Back 106

ROA and ROE

Front 107

Return on Equity (ROE)

Back 107

(how well does a company use financial assets to generate income) effectiveness at using loans to generate profit

ROE=Net Income/Shareholder Equity

Front 108

Return on Assets (ROA)

Back 108

Demonstrates organizations ability to generate income bases on its assets independent of financing.

ROA=Net Income/Total Assets

Front 109

EPS

Back 109

Earning Per Share - represents how much income or loss is generated per share of the organization

Front 110

How are earnings per share calculated?

Back 110

EPS=Net Income/Total Shares

Front 111

P/E

Back 111

Price to Earnings Ration - relates a company's share price to its EPS, useful to determine whether an organization is fairly valued.

Front 112

How are price to earnings calculated?

Back 112

P/E=Price per Share/EPS

Front 113

What is ROI?

Back 113

Return on Investment, an effective way to compare the desirability of different ways of spending, also assists in obtaining future budget monies.

Front 114

How is ROI calculated?

Back 114

ROI=[Investment Value at End of Period/Investment Value Beginning of Period]-1

ROI=[(Initial Investment +Interest Earned(or lost))/Initial Investment]-1

Front 115

Define PDCA or Deming Cycle

Back 115

Plan-Do-Check-Act, most management systems standards are based on this mode of total quality management developed decades ago.

Front 116

Name three types of assets

Back 116

1. People

2. Property

3. Information

Front 117

Name Five avenues to address risk

Back 117

1. Deter (attack)

2. Deny (deny access through traditional measures)

3. Detect ( Through surveillance, etc)

4. Delay (via target hardening)

5. Destroy

Front 118

Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs

Back 118

Often depicted as a pyramid, basic or lower-level needs must be met before a person is motivated by the next higher level of needs:

1. Physiological

2. Security

3. Affiliation

4. Esteem

5. Self Acutalization

Front 119

Give two explanations of white-collar crime

Back 119

1. Edwin Sutherlands Differential Association Theory (criminal behavior is associated with individuals association with criminal evnvironment)

2. Donald Cresseys non-shareable need theory (defines the problem as a violation of a position of financial trust)

Front 120

What percentage of police officer work is devoted to crime related matters?

Back 120

20%

Front 121

Loss Event Profile

Back 121

Spotting individual loss events that might take place is a primary step in dealing with security vulnerability

Front 122

Loss Event Probability

Back 122

Likelihood or probability of risk affecting the assets becoming actual loss events

Front 123

What is the first factor to be considered in facility construction?

Back 123

The building itself

Front 124

Name two types of risk

Back 124

Pure

Dynamic

Front 125

What four factors does crime analysis consist of?

Back 125

Data Collection

Analysis

Dissemination

Feedback

Front 126

E/S Environmental Security

Back 126

urban planning and design process which integrates crime prevention techniques with neighborhood design

Front 127

What is the greatest threat to business?

Back 127

Internal Theft

Front 128

Surety Bond

Back 128

Protection for a corporation, if there is a failure to perform specified acts within a certain period of time

Front 129

Fidelity Bonds

Back 129

Require an employee to be investigated by the bonding company to limit the risk of dishonest, and if trust is violated, the insurance company must indemnify the employer

Front 130

What should happen to a security plan that no longer serves a useful purpose?

Back 130

Abandon

Front 131

Lanham Act

Back 131

AKA trademark act of 1941

Front 132

Mutual aid association

Back 132

Cooperative organization of industrial firms, business firms, and similar organizations within an industrial community that are united by a voluntary agreement to assist each other by providing materials, equipment, and personnel needed to ensure effective industrial disaster control during emergencies. Mutual Assistance agreements are one of the most important aspects of coping with major plant firest

Front 133

What should good emergency planning consist of?

Back 133

Written Plan

Individual appointed as coordinator

Simplicity

Front 134

Effective Emergency disaster plan

Back 134

Written

Contain inventory of available resources

list preventative measures

Front 135

What percentage of bomb threats are estimated to be real?

Back 135

2-5%

Front 136

What do vital records include?

Back 136

1. Incorporation Certification

2. By-laws

3. Stock Record Books

Front 137

Comprehensive Emergency Management (CEM)

Back 137

1. Mitigation

2. Preparedness

3. Response

4. Recovery

MPRR

Front 138

What is the primary focus in Executive Protection?

Back 138

Avoid dangerous persons or condisions

Front 139

ISO 27000

Back 139

Security Standards

Front 140

Risk Analysis

Back 140

Management tool which sets the standards to determine what is acceptable in terms of actual loss in a logical manger.

Front 141

PML

Back 141

Possible Maximum Loss if target is lost

Front 142

ALE

Back 142

Annualized Loss Expectancy, formula used in quantitative risk analysis, used when determining return on investment

Front 143

What is the recommended technique for non-entry level recruiting?

Back 143

Blind Ad

Front 144

What is the heart of personnel selection?

Back 144

The interview

Front 145

What are the three main theories of organizations behavior?

Back 145

Autocratic

Custodial

Supportive

Front 146

What is the autocratic theory?

Back 146

All management is all powerful and employees are obligated to follow orders without question

Front 147

Under federal law when is the use of the polygraph for pre-employment permissible?

Back 147

Alcohol Manufacturing

Front 148

Vulnerability Study

Back 148

Process used by security manager in establishing priorities of protection of assets

Front 149

What is used to locate eavesdropping devices by detecting the semi-conductor components which comprise their circuits?

Back 149

Nonlinear junction detector

Front 150

The interior height of a vault should not exceed what?

Back 150

12ft

Front 151

What temperature can paper be destroyed?

Back 151

350F

Front 152

What temperature can electronic process media deteriorate?

Back 152

150F

Front 153

What is the mechanical lock longest in use and with practically no security value?

Back 153

Warded Lock

Front 154

What is used to protect very sensitive equipment from electromagnetic radiation?

Back 154

Tempest Shielding

Front 155

Where does the ultimate responsibility for the internal security in a department lie?

Back 155

Line Supervisor

Front 156

What is the single most important administrative control in handling investigations?

Back 156

Indexing: a means whereby inquiries about the investigation can be connected to the investigation results and suspects involvement

Front 157

What are the interview priorities?

Back 157

1. Those unavailable later

2. Those with extensive knowledge

3. Those with relevant knowledge

4. Hostile

Front 158

What are the number of consecutive years of employ/non-employ that should be verified preceding the date of investigation?

Back 158

5 years

Front 159

What safe should always be anchored?

Back 159

That weighing less than 750lbs

Front 160

What is the most common type of access control?

Back 160

Photo ID

Front 161

What is the best way to transmit signals 2,200 feet?

Back 161

Fiber

Front 162

How many monitors may be watched by one individual?

Back 162

10 or less

Front 163

Barbed wire

Back 163

standard wire is twisted, double strand, 12 gauge wire with 4 point barbs spaced equi-distance apart. Not less than 7 feet high excluding top guard. Attached to posts not more than 6 feet apart. Distance between strands not more than 6 inches and at lease one wire interlaced vertically and midway between posts.

Front 164

Concertina Wire

Back 164

Commercially manufactured wire coil of high strength steel barbed wire clipped together at intervals to form a cylinder. 50' long and 3' in diameter.

Front 165

Barbed Tape

Back 165

Composed of 3 things - barbed wire, barbed tape dispenser, concertina tape. Fabricated from a steel strip with a minimum breaking system of 500 lbs.

Front 166

Top Guard

Back 166

an overhand of barbed wire or barbed tape along the top of the fence, facing outward and upward at approximately a 45 degree angle. Top guard supporting arms will be permanently affixed to the top of the fence posts to increase the overall height of the fence at least one foot. Must consist of 3 strands of barbed wire, spaced 6" apart installed on supporting arms.

Front 167

Manhole Covers

Back 167

10" or more in diameter must be secured to prevent unauthorized opening.

Front 168

Barbed Wire Fencing designed to prevent human trespassing

Back 168

Excluding top guard should be not less than 7' high

Front 169

What should the distance between the strands of barbed wire be in a fence?

Back 169

Not exceeding 6"

Front 170

What is the required clear zone between the perimeter barrier and exterior structures?

Back 170

20'

Front 171

What is the cross sectional area that must be protected by fastened welded bar grills on culverts, vents, and other openings?

Back 171

96 square inches

Front 172

What is the percentage of drug use for employees?

Back 172

8.8%

Front 173

What federal law pertains to safe workplace?

Back 173

OSHA 29 USC 654(a)(1)

Front 174

what lighting is used for protective lighting systems?

Back 174

1. Continuous

2. Standby

3. Moveable

Front 175

What is a series of fixed luminaries arranged to flood a given area continuously during the hours of darkness with overlapping cones of light?

Back 175

Continuous Lighting

Front 176

What should be done before installing protective lighting adjacent to navigable waters?

Back 176

US Coast Guard should be consulted

Front 177

How far should water approaches extending to a distance of 100 feet from the pier be illuminated?

Back 177

To at least 0.5 foot candles

Front 178

Decks on open piers should be illuminated to what?

Back 178

at least one foot candle 1.0 fc

Front 179

What are the illumination intensity minimums for lighting of the perimeter of restricted areas?

Back 179

0.40 foot candles

Front 180

Proprietary Alarm System

Back 180

Similar to central station system, except it is owned by and is located at the installation. Response to the alarm is by the installations own security personnel.

Front 181

Local Alarm System

Back 181

Activates a visual or audible signal in the immediate vicinity

Front 182

Auxillary Alarm System

Back 182

Installation owned system which is a direct extension of the police or fire alarm system. Least effective.

Front 183

Central Station Alarm System

Back 183

Alarms transmitted to a central station outside the installation from which appropriate action is taken, i.e. notifying police or fire departments.

Front 184

Microwave system

Back 184

intrusion detection system in which a pattern of radio waves are transmitted and partially reflected back to the antenna

Front 185

Capacitance System

Back 185

Intrusion detection system which is used on a safe, wall and openings therein in an effort to establish an electrostatic field around the object to be protected

Front 186

Ultrasonic motion detection

Back 186

System using inaudible sound waves to detect the presence of an intruder or other disturbance.

Front 187

Microwave motion detector

Back 187

sensor which is used when air turbulence is present in the protected room and when there are no potential false alarm sources outside the room and in the field of the detector

Front 188

Microwave Sensor

Back 188

Based on the Doppler Principle. A radio/radar frequency transmitter having a frequency range of GHz, which detects motion.

Front 189

Acoustic Detector

Back 189

sensor which is used when light air turbulence, vibration, and motion outside the room are present.

Front 190

Electro-mechanical sensor

Back 190

Foil used as a detector on a glass window to signal a surreptitious or forcible penetration, designed to place a current carrying conductor between an intruder and an area to be protected.

Front 191

Volumetric

Back 191

Capacitance, Vibration, Microwave, Ultrasonic, Passive Infrared, PhotoElectric

Front 192

Annunciator

Back 192

A visual indicator that shows from which of several zones or building an alarm signal has originated

Front 193

Contact Microphone

Back 193

Specially constructed microphone attached directly to an object or surface to be protected and which responds only when the protected object or surface is disturbed or "contacted"

Front 194

Glass

Back 194

Weakest are in a window

Over 50% of all break in's through window glass

Front 195

Laminated Glass

Back 195

Type of glass used in street level windows or displays where security is necessary and which is composed of two sheets of ordinary glass bonded to an intervening layer of plastic material

Front 196

Tempered Glass

Back 196

often utilized for both safety and security purposes because it is 3-5 times stronger than regular glass and 5 times as resistant to heat

Front 197

Loss Event Profile

Back 197

Definition of a security problem requires three things be recognized and evaluated in quantitative terms: 1. Kinds of threats or risks affecting the assets to be safeguarded; 2. The likelihood or probability of those threats or risks becoming actual losses; 3. The impact or effect on the assets or the enterprise responsible for the assets if the loss occurs.

Front 198

To meet minimum federal specifications, non-insulated security containers must successfully pass a drop test of what?

Back 198

30 feet

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Vaults are designed to meet fire protection standards specified by who?

Back 199

National Fire Protection Association

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Acceptable vault construction of insulated doors is a minimum reinforced thickness of how many inches?

Back 200

6 inches

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Money Safes

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Do not have accredited fire resistance

Classified by both the Underwriters Laboratories and The Insurance Services Office

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The interior height of a vault should not exceed what?

Back 202

12 feet

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How do security vaults differ from safes?

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They are permanently affixed to a building

Front 204

What temperature can paper be destroyed?

Back 204

350 F

Front 205

What temperature can electronic process media begin to deteriorate?

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150 F

Front 206

What types of alarms are used on vaults?

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Capacitance and Vibration

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Lever Locks

Back 207

used in safe deposit boxes, difficult to pick

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Warded Lock

Back 208

the mechanical lock longest in use which has practically no security value

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Pin Tumbler Lock

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Most widely used lock for both exterior building doors and interior rooms

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Employee Theft Triangle

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Motive

Opportunity

Rationalizatoin

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What five attributes characterize an effective and reliable investigation?

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Objectivity, Thoroughness, Reliance, Accuracy, Timeliness

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What are the stages of fire

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Incipient Stage (invisible)

Smoldering (smoke Visible)

Flame

Heat (uncontrolled heat)

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Fire Sensor Types

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Smoke Detectors - Photoelectric

Ionization - Sensitive to invisible products of combustion

Thermal - Respond to Heat

Flame - detect flames

Infrared - radiant energy unseen by humans

Front 214

How many years should employment or non-employment be verified preceding applicatoin?

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5 years

Front 215

What is the frequency of a re-investigation of an employees financial lifestyle?

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18 months

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What is the minimum retention period for any investigation which includes unfavorable information or which results in an adverse employment decision?

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3 years

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What is not an acceptable form of information for a professional position?

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Resume

Front 218

How many people are needed to cover a single post around the clock providing coverage for three eight hour shifts?

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4.5 persons

Front 219

What is the main reason for not arming private guards?

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"The typical business or government facility is not customarily a place where violent crime occurs"

Front 220

What tort is the wrongful appropriation of personal property of another to the use of the taker ?

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Conversion

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What is the relationship in which two parties agree that one will act as the representative of the other?

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Agency Relationship

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What is a willful or negligent wrong done by one person to another?

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Tort; i.e. batter, assault, false arrest, trespass

Front 223

What does the 4th amendment deal with?

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Search and Seizure

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The affirmative act of concealing the commission of a felony, cognizable by a court of the US, by someone having knowledge of the felony is a violation called what?

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Misprision of a Felony

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What is the purpose of bail?

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To assure the appearance of the accused in court

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Express Contract

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Actual agreement usually in writing

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Implied Contract

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Not created or evidenced, inferred by law

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The Civil Rights Act (42 USC 2000e)

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Prohibits employers with 15 or more employees from discrimination, failure or refusal to hire, discharge, limitation, segregation, or classification in any way adverse to an employee or employment applicant on the basis or race, color, religion, sex, or national origin

Front 229

What two primary variable are insurance rates dependent?

Back 229

cost of claims and frequency of claims

Front 230

After Sept 11, 2001 what percentage did security staff in the US increase by?

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13%

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Who is responsible for escorting visitors on site?

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The inviting party

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Organizational Vertical model of authority

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Also Hierarchical, authority comes from the top and flows down.

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Organizational Shamrock Model (Dalton)

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Based on the three leaf shamrock where each leaf represents a small core of professionals.

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Organizational Network Model

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Flattened or horizontal model, employees are connected not just to immediate supervisors but to many others. People come together for certain tasks and then disband or regroup as needed.

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Post Orders

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Should be available at each guard post. Kept current and accessible. Vital link between requirements of the client and the ability of the security officer to effectively meet those reqs.

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Five attributes characterize an effective and reliable investigation

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Objectivity, thoroughness, relevance, accuracy, and timeliness.

Front 237

Substance abuse in the workplace

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According to US govt sources, on the job substance abuse costs American businesses 81-100 billion annually.

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Title VII of the Civil Rights Acts exemptions

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Defense contractors are exempt in the hiring of aliens

Front 239

What is the discrepancy between what the applicant provided on the resume to the truth?

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49%

Front 240

What ways does a pre-employement screening program benefit business?

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Discourages applicants with something to hide

Demonstrates company exercised due diligence

Ensures candidate has appropriate qualifications

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Resume

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Important element in pre-screening

Company must not accept a resume in lieu of an application or complete work history.

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Applications

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IN US considered tests. Should address:

material omissions

applicants correct and full name

current and prior addresses

criminal information such as convictions, guilty pleas, and nolo contendere.

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Behavioral Theory: McGregor

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Theory X-average worker indolent, lacks ambition. need hard driving authoritarian manager.

Theory Y-work is natural and can be satisfying. Represents involvement, contribution, and commitment by workers.

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Behavioral Theory: Maslow

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Hierarchy of Needs:

Physiological

Safety and Security

Social

Ego

Self actualization

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Behavioral Theory: Herzberg

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Hygiene or maintenance factors

Hygiene: employer policies, communications, job security, fringe benefits, etc.

Motivators: elements that make the job more challenging and lead to personal growth and development. Earned recognition, achievement, sense of contribution, increased authority, growth, advancement.

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Behavioral Theory: Argyris

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Traditional organizational principles, structures, and procedures are incompatible with the mental health of employees. Workers fight this system.

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Behavioral Theory: Bennis

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Organization should be adaptive and problem solving. Free and full communication, rely on consensus.

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Principle of Line Loss

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The effectiveness of a communication tends to vary inversely with its extension. The more people are involved with the line of communication the greater the probability of distortion, delay, and loss of meaning.

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Principle of Emotional Appeal

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Appeals to emotion are communicated more readily than appeals to reason. People will listen and understand better if the ideas being introduced relate to their personal interests, desires, families, and jobs.

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Principle of applicaton

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The more a communication is applied, the better it is understood and remembered. People will retain information better if they can put it to use; application converts ideas into action and gets results.

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Rand Report 1972

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Focused national attention on the security industry in the US. Stated the typical security officer was an uneducated (possessing a 10th grade education) untrained, aging male who worked many hours at low wages.

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Hallcrest Report 1- 1985

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Found contract security firms had inadequate employee selection and training standards

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York College- 1985

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Managers did not understand the developmental progression of training.

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National Labor Relations Act (NLRA)/Wagner Act

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Foundational federal statute in labor relations. Gave workers the right to representation.

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Landrum-Griffin Act 1959

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Established safeguards and restrictions on the conduct of union management and officers with regard to their own memberships. Also added unfair labor practice of hot cargo agreements.

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Taft-Hartley Act 1947

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Amended NLRA to forbid unions to engage in unscrupulous activities.

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Two basic categories of Evidence

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Direct: real/first hand knowledge

Indirect: Circumstantial and hearsay.

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Documentary Evidence

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Information usually in the form of letters, figures, or other marks contained in paper products, rubber stamps, plastic bags, typewriters, and seals.

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Physical Evidence

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Tangible, may consist of dirt, dust, clothing, tools, electronics etc.

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Five Categories of Physical Evidence

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1. Corpus Delicti: Proves a crime has been committed, i.e. Body at homicide

2. Associative/Circumstantial: links suspect with the scene of a crime, fingerprints or DNA. is identifying Evidences Establishes identity of a suspect, fingerprint, blood, etc.

3. Tracing Evidence: Articles that assist in the possible ID or location of suspect, credit card receipt, etc.

4. Trace Evidence: Includes fibers, paints, dyes.

5. Impression Evidence: includes firearms, tool marks, bite impressions, footprints.

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Theft Triangle

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Desire

Motive

Opportunity

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Questioning Order for interviews

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1. persons not likely to be readily available later

2. persons believed to have the most pertinent info

3. hostile witnesses

4. Offender

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B

Back 263

How much one should spend to prevent an information system security incident equals the probability of the incident times its cost.

B=cost of taking adequate measures to prevent harm; L = monetary loss; P=probability of its occurring.

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Turing Machine

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1937 created by Alan Turing, predecessor to what would ultimately become the microcomputer.

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Residual Risk=(Threats*Vulnerabilities)/Countermeasures

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Fundamental equation of ISS:

Qualitative equation, says residual risk rises as threats rise and as vulnerabilities rise. Residual risk falls as countermeasures are applied.

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Information System Countermeasures

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1. Administrative Controls: management, policies, standards, procedures, guidelines, personnel screening, awareness training, etc.

2. Technical Controls: network log-ins and passwords, firewalls, audit logs, encryption, antivirus, and spam filters.

3. Physical Controls: Door locks, cameras, environmental controls, guards, etc.

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CIA Triad (Information Security issues)

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Confidentiality

Integrity

Availability

Front 268

Gramm-Leach-Billey Act (GLBA) 1999

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Regulates use and disclosure of nonpublic personal information about individuals who obtain financial products or services from financial institutions.

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High Rise Structure

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Extends higher than the maximum reach of available fire fighting equipment. Appx 7-10 stories.

Front 270

Pin tumbler locking mechanism

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Most common type of key operated mechanism used in architectural or builders door hardware in the US.

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Emergency Management Plan Development

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1. Define emergency in terms relevant to the organization

2. Establish an group within the organization to perform specific tasks before, during, after emergency

3. Establish method for using available resources and for obtaining additional resources at the time of an emergency

4. Provide a means for moving normal operations into and back out of the emergency mode of ops.

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What are the four elements of emergency management?

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1. Mitigation: activities providing critical foundation in the effort to reduce the loss of life and property. (i.e. fastening bookshelves to walls)

2. Preparedness: encompasses actions taken before an event to plan, organize, equip, train, exercise in order to deal with emergencies.

3. Response: Entails activities that address the short-term direct effects of an incident.

4. Recovery: involves near term and long term actions taken to return the organization to a pre-emergency level of operation.

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Business Continuity

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Encompasses Business Impact Analysis (BIA) Private Sector version of emergency management, encompasses all actions taken by a business before, during or after an emergency to minimize the emergency negative impact on the organizations operations and to bring about a timely response, resumption of critical business functions and recovery.

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COOP

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Continuity of operations, normally applied to US Federal Government and entails movement of critical functions and personnel to an alternate operating site or sites.

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Three primary objectives of emergency management

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1. Minimize probability of a threat or emergency

2. Mitigate the impact if the event occurs

3. Recovery and resumption of normal operations

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Emergency Management Plan

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Formal audit should be conducted annually

Plan should be evaluated and modified after :

training drill, emergency, changes in personnel, changes in facility, changes in policy

Front 277

Mutual Aid Association

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Businesses and organizations agree to assist each other by providing materials, equipment, and personnel for disaster control during emergencies.

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Business Impact Analysis (BIA)

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Used to identify an entity's critical function, asses impact of a disaster or other emergency on those functions over time, help develop and prioritize recovery strategies.

Front 279

Non-linear junction detectors

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Used for detecting concealed electrical circuits. Used for bomb detection

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Define Risk

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The likelihood of a consequence

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Define Probablility

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The likelihood of one outcome out of the total of all possible undesirable outcomes, expressed as a number between 0 and 1

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Direct Costs

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Include the loss of money, negotiable instruments, property or information.

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Indirect Costs

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Harm to Reputation, loss of goodwill, loss of employees and harm to morale.

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Lost Income Cost

I=(i/365)xPxT

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Use of money for loss replacement represents an additonal cost margin and is called lost income:

I=income earned

i=annual percent rate of return

P=principal amount in dollars available for investment

T=time in days during which P is available for investment

Front 285

Cost of Loss Formula

K=(Cp + Ct+ Cr + Ci) - (I-a)

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Analyze each security vulnerability in light of probably maximum loss for a single occurrence.

K=criticality, total cost of loss

Cp=cost of permanent replacement

Ct=cost of temporary substitute

Cr=total related costs

Ci=lost income cost

I=available insurance or indemnity

a=allowable insurance premium amount

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Vulnerability Assessment

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Process of identifying and quantifying vulnerabilities. Must be performed once to establish baseline, may be repeated to verify effectiveness of upgrades, etc.

Used to support a risk assessment by answering "What can go wrong"

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R=Tx A x V

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Risk

R=residual risk

T=threat, definition and likelihood of attack

A=asset to be protected

V=vulnerability, represented by system effectiveness

Front 288

Metal Halide Lamps

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Last 20,000 hours and accurately reproduce color of cars, clothes, people.

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Low Pressure Sodium Vapor Lamps

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Last 50,000 hours and are most energy efficient, have poor color rendition

Front 290

High Pressure Sodium Vapor Lamps and Mercury Vapor Lamps

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Very low CRI (color rendition index) should not be used in conjunction with color camera applications. Less expensive than metal halide, do not last as long, do not render color as well.

Front 291

Mulitplexing

Back 291

A technique to transmit several messages simultaneously on the same medium

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Private Fixed Wireless Systems

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PABX - a wireless private automatic board exchange uses a low power transmitter to communicate with handheld telephones within a limited range.

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Wiegand

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Wire technology in existence for some time, wiegand signal output format has become industry standard. Technology is not used much.

Front 294

What two classes can locks be divided into?

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Mechanical and electric/mechanical

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Warded Lock

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mechanical lock longest in use and first developed

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Lever Lock

Back 296

18th century, improvement over warded lock

Front 297

Pin tumbler lock

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Most widely used lock in the US for exterior and interior building doors

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Wafer Tumbler

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Design permits master keying

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Primary Functions of PPS

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Detection

Delay

Response

Deterrence is a secondary function

Front 300

Define CARVER analysis

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C-Criticality: measure of public health and economic impacts of an attack.

A-Accessibility: ability to physically access and egress from target

R-Recuperability: ability of a system to recover from an attack

V-Vulnerability: Ease of accomplishing task

E-Effect: amount of direct loss from an attack as measured by loss in production

R-Recognizability: ease of identifying target

Front 301

PE=PI x PN

Back 301

PE=Protection system effectiveness

PI= probability of interruption

PN=probability of neutralization