Data And Network Comm

Front 1

Host

Back 1

Any computer attached to the Internet (can be either personal client or server).

Front 2

Protocol

Back 2

is a set of rules which is used by computers to communicate with each other across a network.

Front 3

Client/server

Back 3

describes the relationship between two computer programs in which one program, the client, makes a service request from

Front 4

File transfer protocol (FTP)

Back 4

is a standard network protocol used to copy a file from one host to another over a TCP/IP-based network, such as the Internet.. Streaming media are multimedia that are constantly received by, and normally presented to, an end-user while being delivered by a streaming provider (the term "presented" is used in this article in a general sense that includes audio or video playback)

Front 5

Voice over IP (VoIP)

Back 5

The transmission of voice signals over an IP network.

Front 6

Peer-to-Peer Architecture (P2P)

Back 6

The application architecture in which most or all of the work is done by cooperating user computers, such as desktop PCs. If servers are present at all, they serve only facilitating roles and do not control the processing.

Front 7

Enterprise resource planning (ERP)

Back 7

is an integrated computer-based system used to manage internal and external resources including tangible assets, financial resources, materials, and human resources

Front 8

Quality of Service (QoS)

Back 8

Numerical service targets that must be met by networking staff.

Front 9

Bits Per Second (BPS)

Back 9

a measurement unit for the rate of speed for a computer sound file, related to the quality of sound the faster the bps the higher the quality of sound

Front 10

Multiplexing

Back 10

1) Having the packets of many conversations share trunk lines; reduces trunk line cost. 2) The ability of a protocol to carry messages from multiple next-higher-layer protocols in a single communication session.

Front 11

The Systems Development Life Cycle (SDLC)

Back 11

in systems engineering and software engineering, is the process of creating or altering systems and the models and methodologies that people use to develop these systems. The concept generally refers to computer orinformation systems.

Front 12

Latency

Back 12

Delay, usually measured in milliseconds.

Front 13

Cryptography

Back 13

Mathematical methods for protecting communication.

Front 14

Internet Service Provider(ISP)

Back 14

Carrier that provides Internet access and transmission.

Front 15

Network Access Point (NAP)

Back 15

A site where ISPs interconnect and exchange traffic

Front 16

Domain Name System (DNS)

Back 16

A server that provides IP addresses for users who know only a target host’s host name. DNS servers also provide a hierarchical system for naming domains.

Front 17

Wide Area Network (WAN)

Back 17

A network that links different sites together.

Front 18

Simple Network Management Protocol (SNMP)

Back 18

The protocol that allows a general way to collect rich data from various managed devices in a network.

Front 19

Semantics

Back 19

In message exchange, the meaning of each message

Front 20

Syntax

Back 20

In message exchange, how messages are organized.

Front 21

Data Field

Back 21

The content delivered in a message.

Front 22

Network Architecture

Back 22

1) A broad plan that specifies everything that must be done for two application programs on different networks on an internet to be able to work together effectively. 2) A broad plan for how the firm will connect all of its computers within buildings (LANs), between sites (WANs), and to the Internet; also includes security devices and services.

Front 23

The Open System Interconnection Reference Model (OSI Reference Model or OSI Model)

Back 23

is an abstract description for layered communications and computer network protocol design

Front 24

Octet

Back 24

refers to an entity having exactly eight bits

Front 25

Hops

Back 25

In computer networking a hop represents one portion of the path between source and destination.

Front 26

User Datagram Protocol (UDP)

Back 26

Unreliable transport-layer protocol in TCP/IP

Front 27

Decapsulation

Back 27

The removing of a message from the data field of another message.

Front 28

Propagation

Back 28

The transmission (spreading) of signals from one place to another.

Front 29

Attenuation

Back 29

The degeneration of a signal over distance on a network cable is called attenuation.

Front 30

Baud Rate

Back 30

The number of clock cycles a transmission system uses per second.

Front 31

Electromagnetic Interference (EMI)

Back 31

Unwanted electrical energy coming from external devices, such as electrical motors, fluorescent lights, and even nearby data transmission wires.

Front 32

Parallel Transmission

Back 32

A form of transmission that uses multiple wire pairs or other transmission media simultaneously to send a signal; increases transmission speed.

Front 33

Dead spot

Back 33

A location where a receiver cannot receive radio transmission, due to an obstruction blocking the direct path between sender and receiver.

Front 34

Topology

Back 34

The way in which nodes are linked together by transmission lines.

Front 35

Baseband

Back 35

Transmission in which the signal is simply injected into a wire.

Front 36

Broadband

Back 36

1) Transmission where signals are sent in wide radio channels; 2) any highspeed transmission system.

Front 37

Ethernet

Back 37

is a family of frame-based computer networking technologies for local area networks (LANs).

Front 38

Media Access Control (MAC)

Back 38

The process of controlling when stations transmit; also, the lowest part of the data link layer, defining functionality specific to a particular LAN technology

Front 39

Virtual LAN (VLAN)

Back 39

A closed collection of servers and the clients they serve. Broadcast signals go only to computers in the same VLAN.

Front 40

Carrier Sense Multiple Access with Collision Detection (CSMA/CD)

Back 40

The process wherein if a station wants to transmit, it may do so if no station is already transmitting but must wait if another station is already sending. In addition, if there is a collision because two stations send at the same time, all stations stop, wait a random period of time, and then try again.

Front 41

Wireless LAN (WLAN)

Back 41

A local area network that uses radio (or rarely, infrared) transmission instead of cabling to connect devices.

Front 42

Access Point

Back 42

A bridge between a wireless station and a wired LAN

Front 43

Bluetooth

Back 43

A wireless networking standard created for personal area networks

Front 44

Spectrum

Back 44

The range of all possible frequencies from zero hertz to infinity

Front 45

Carrier Sense Multiple Access with Collision Avoidance and Acknowledgements (CSMA/CA+ACK)

Back 45

A mandatory mechanism used to reduce problems with multiple simultaneous transmissions, which occur in wireless transmission. CSMA/CA+ACK is a media access control discipline, and it uses both collision avoidance and acknowledgement frames

Front 46

Multiple Input/Multiple Output (MIMO)

Back 46

A radio transmission method that sends several signals simultaneously in a single radio channel.

Front 47

Wardriving

Back 47

is the act of searching for Wi-Fi wireless networks by a person in a moving vehicle, using a portable computer or PDA

Front 48

WEP security

Back 48

is a deprecated algorithm to secure IEEE 802.11 wireless networks

Front 49

Rogue access point

Back 49

is a wireless access point that has either been installed on a secure company network without explicit authorization from a local network administrator

Front 50

Virtual Private Network (VPN)

Back 50

A network that uses the Internet with added security for data transmission.

Front 51

Personal Area Network(pan)

Back 51

Based on the electric-field transmission medium, is an technology that allows individuals to exchange data with a simple touch or grasp

Front 52

Radio Frequency ID (RFID)

Back 52

A tag that can be read at a distance by a radio transmitter/receiver.

Front 53

Public Switched Telephone Network (PSTN)

Back 53

The worldwide telephone network

Front 54

Dial-up Internet access

Back 54

is a form of Internet access that uses telephone lines

Front 55

Leased line

Back 55

is service contract between a provider and a customer, whereby the provider agrees to deliver a symmetric telecommunications line connecting two locations in exchange for a monthly rent (hence the term lease

Front 56

Digital Subscriber Line (DSL)

Back 56

A technology that provides digital data signaling over the residential customer’s existing single-pair UTP voice-grade copper access line.

Front 57

INTERNAL & BORDER ROUTERS

Back 57

is a device that interconnects two or more computer networks, and selectively interchanges packets of data between them

Front 58

Subnet Mask

Back 58

A mask with 1s in the network and subnet parts and zeros in the host part.

Front 59

ROUTING TABLE

Back 59

is an electronic table (file) or database type object that is stored in a router or a networked computer

Front 60

Compromise

Back 60

A successful attack.

Front 61

Malware

Back 61

Software that seeks to cause damage.

Front 62

Virus

Back 62

A piece of executable code that attaches itself to programs or data files. When the program is executed or the data file opened, the virus spreads to other programs or data files.

Front 63

Worm

Back 63

An attack program that propagates on its own by seeking out other computers, jumping to them, and installing itself

Front 64

Trojan Horse

Back 64

A program that looks like an ordinary system file, but continues to exploit the user indefinitely.

Front 65

Spam

Back 65

Unsolicited commercial e-mail.

Front 66

Social Engineering

Back 66

Tricking people into doing something to get around security protections.

Front 67

Hacking

Back 67

The intentional use of a computer resource without authorization or in excess of authorization.

Front 68

Denial-of-service attack (DoS) or Distributed denial-of-service attack (DDoS )

Back 68

is an attempt to make a computer resource unavailable to its intended users

Front 69

Defense in Depth

Back 69

The use of successive lines of defense

Front 70

Credentials

Back 70

Proof of identity that an applicant can present during authentication.

Front 71

Private Key

Back 71

A key that only the true party should know. Part of a public key–private key pair.

Front 72

Public Key

Back 72

A key that is not kept secret. Part of a public key–private key pair.

Front 73

DIGITAL CERTIFICATE

Back 73

an electronic document which uses a digital signature to bind together a public key with an identity — information such as the name of a person or an organization, their address, and so fort

Front 74

BRUTE FORCE

Back 74

is a strategy used to break the encryption of data.

Front 75

Biometrics

Back 75

The use of bodily (Finger) measurements to identify an applicant.

Front 76

Intrusion Detection System (IDS)

Back 76

A security system that examines messages traveling through a network. IDSs look at traffic broadly, identifying messages that are suspicious. Instead of discarding these packets, IDSs will sound an alarm.

Front 77

Intrusion Protection System (IPS)

Back 77

Firewall system that uses sophisticated packet filtering methods to stop attacks.

Front 78

Encryption

Back 78

is the process of transforming information (referred to as plaintext) using an algorithm (called cipher) to make it unreadable to anyone except those possessing special knowledge,

Front 79

Electronic Signature

Back 79

A bit string added to a message to provide message-by-message authentication and message integrity.

Front 80

Group Policy Object (GPO)

Back 80

A policy that governs a specific type of resource on a domain

Front 81

Network Address Translation (NAT)

Back 81

Converting an IP address into another IP address, usually at a border firewall; disguises a host’s true IP address from sniffers. Allows more internal addresses to be used than an ISP supplies a firm with external addresses.

Front 82

Domain Name System (DNS)

Back 82

A server that provides IP addresses for users who know only a target host’s host name. DNS servers also provide a hierarchical system for naming domains.

Front 83

Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol (DHCP)

Back 83

The protocol used by DHCP servers, which provide each user PC with a temporary IP address to use each time he or she connects to the Internet.

Front 84

Simple Network Management Protocol (SNMP)

Back 84

The protocol that allows a general way to collect rich data from various managed devices in a network.

Front 85

Sniffer

Back 85

computer software or hardware that can intercept and log traffic passing over a digital network