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47 Cards in this Set

  • Front
  • Back
what 3 functions does cellular division serve?
1. growth
2. repair
3. reproduction
what are the two types of cell division?
1. meiosis
2. mitosis
what does mitosis produce?
2 genetically identical daughter cells, conserving the chromosome number (2n)
what does meiosis produce?
cells with half the chromosome number of the parent cell (n)
when does meiosis occur?
in sexually reproducing organisms
what does a replicated chromosome consist of?
two sister chromatids, where one is an identical copy of the other
what does a chromosome consist of?
a highly coiled an condensed strand of DNA
what is the centromere?
region that holds two chromatids together
what is the kinetochore?
a protein on the centromere that attatches the chromatid to the mitotic spindle during cell division.
regarding mitosis, what is karyokinesis?
nuclear division
regarding mitosis, what is cytokinesis?
cell division.
prior to mitosis, what happens to the cell?
it undergoes a period of growth and replication of genetic material called interphase
a cell spends about 90% of its life in what phase of the cell cycle?
interphase
during interphase are individual chromosomes visible?
no, the DNA is uncoiled and known as chromatin
what are the 5 major phases of the cell cylce?
G1, S, G2, (interphase) mitosis, & cytokinesis
what are the 4 stages of mitosis?
PMAT

Prophase
Metaphase
Anaphase
Telophase
what is prophase?
first step in mitosis. chromosomes condense; spindles form
what is metaphase?
chromosomes align
what is anaphase?
sister chromatids separate
what is telophase?
new nuclear membranes form
when a cell is in interphase, what is the chromatin like?
threadlike, loose, NOT condensed
do plant cells have centrosomes?
no, but they do have microtubule organizing centers.
what is cytokenesis and when does it occur?
it is the division of the cytoplasm and it occurs following telophase.
in what type of cells does a cleavage furrow form during cytokenesis?
animal cells
in what type of cells does a cell plate form during cytokenesis?
plant cells
do plant cells have centrioles?
NO
do plant cells have centrosomes?
NO
what is meiosis?
the form of cell division that produces gametes with the haploid chromosome number (n)
what are gametes?
sex cells : sperm and ova
what does meiosis involve?
two divisions of primary sex cells, resulting in 4 haploid cells called gametes
what are the two stages of meiosis?
meiosis I & meiosis II
what is meiosis I?
homologous chromosomes separate
what is meiosis I AKA?
reduction division
what is meiosis II?
similar to mitosis; sister chromatids separate
is meiosis when does crossing over occur?
prophase I
in prophase I of meiosis what is synapsis?
homologous chromosomes intertwine (forming a tetrad=2 sets of sister chromatids)
between which chromosomes does crossing over occur?
only between homologous chromosomes, NOT sister chromatids of the same chromosome (they are identical)d
after recombination are sister chromatids still identical?
noo
in meiosis what occurs in metaphase I?
tetrads line up at the equatorial plane, and spindle fibers attatch
in meiosis, what occurs in anaphase I?
the homologous pairs separate and are pulled to opposite poles of the cell. AKA disjunction.
in meiosis what occurs during telophase I?
a nuclear membrane forms around each new nucleus. sister chromatids still constitute each chromosome, so meiosis II occurs next
what is meiosis II AKA?
the second meiotic division
do hydra and yeast undergo budding or binary fission?
budding
do amoebae, paramecium, algae and bacteria undergo budding or binary fission?
binary fission
at what stage does the synaptonemal complex form?
prophase of meiosis
what is synapsis?
in meiosis 1; each chromosome pairs up precisely with its homologue forming a synaptonemal complex.
homologous chromosomes separate when? sister chromosomes?
homologous = meiosis I
sister = meiosis II (similar to mitosis!)