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14 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What are enzymes?
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Enzymes are typically proteins.
They lower the activation energy of specific cellular reactions, allowing them to take place. |
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What is a enzymatic substrate?
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the reactants that are acted on in an enzyme-catalyzed reaction.
(what needs the enzyme) |
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what is the primary structure of a protein?
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the amino acid sequence of the polypeptide chain
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what is the secondary structure of a protein?
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the hydrogen bonds formed between atoms along the backbone of the polypeptide chain. (3D patterns, ex: alpha helix)
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what is the tertiary structure of a protein?
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the long distance interactions between amino acid side-chains. (give protein globular shape)
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what is the quaternary structure of a protein?
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interaction between different polypeptide subunits
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what's a coenzyme?
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organic substances (needed in addition to some enzymes for proper function)
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what's a cofactor?
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inorganic substances (needs in addition to some enzymes for proper function)
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what's a prosthetic group?
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coenzymes or cofactors that bind to tightly that they are effectively part of the protein.
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what is a holoenzyme?
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the protein and non-protein parts of an enzyme together
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what's a apoenzyme?
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just the protein portion of an enzyme alone.
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in general, what happens during photosynthesis?
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light + CO2 + water = glucose + oxygen
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where does photosynthesis take place?
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chloroplasts
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What's a heterotroph?
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first form of life: lacks the ability to synthesize own nutrients
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