Dat Bio Ch 6 Endocrinology

Front 1

endocrine glands

Back 1

secretes hormones directly into the circulatory system

Front 2

exocrine glands

Back 2

secretes substances that are transported by ducts

Front 3

What dertermines the specificity of a hormone?

Back 3

presence of specific receptors on or in the target cells

Front 4

location of the adrenal glands, adrenal cortex and adrenal medulla

Back 4

glands on top of the kidneys

Front 5

source and function of ATCH (adrenocorticotrophic hormone)

Back 5

source: anterior pituitary, stress response

function: stimulates the adrenal cortex to make and release corticosteroids (glucocorticoids and sex steroids)

Front 6

examples, source, and function of glucocorticoids

Back 6

examples: cortisol and cortisone

source: adrenal cortex

function: glucose regulation and protein metabolism, promote gluconeogenesis

Front 7

examples, source, and function of mineralocorticoids

Back 7

examples: aldosterone

source: adrenal cortex

function: regulate plasma levels of Na and K, re-absorption of Na in nephron and water, can cause high blood pressure

Front 8

examples, source, and function of corticol sex hormones

Back 8

example: androgens

source: adrenal cortex

function: male sex hormone produced in both sexes, can have stronger affects on females

Front 9

class, source, and function of epinephrine and norepinephrine

Back 9

class: catecholamines, neurotransmitters

source: adrenal medulla

function: (epi-raise blood glucose by converting liverglycogen), increase rate and strength of heartbeat, increase blood supply to heart, skeletal muscles, and brain -fight or flight response

Front 10

location of pituitary gland

Back 10

small, trilobed gland at the base of the brain

Front 11

the hormones of the anterior pituitary

Back 11

FSH
LH
ACTH
TSH

Prolactin
i(gnore)
GH

flat pig

Front 12

tropic hormone

Back 12

a hormone that stimulates other endocrine glands to release hormones

Front 13

function of GH (growth hormone)

Back 13

growth hormone

promotes bone and muscle growth

Front 14

function of prolactin

Back 14

stimulates milk production and secretion in female mammary glands

Front 15

function of TSH (thyroid-stimulating hormone)

Back 15

thyroid-stimulating hormone

stimulates thyroid to make and release its hormones

Front 16

function of LH

Back 16

lutenizing hormone

females: stimulates ovulation and formation of corpus luteum

males: stimulates testosterone synthesis

Front 17

source and function of MSH

Back 17

melanocyte-stimulating hormone

source: intermediate lobe of the pituitary

function: darkening of skin in frogs, unknown in mammals

Front 18

another name for pituitary

Back 18

hypophysis

Front 19

another name for the posterior pituitary

Back 19

neurohypophysis

Front 20

function of the posterior pituitary

Back 20

stores and releases hormones produced by the neurosecretory cells of the hypothalmus

Front 21

source and function of oxytocin

Back 21

source: hypothalmus/ posterior pituitary

function: during childbirth, increases strength and frequency of contractions, also stimulates milk secretion in response to suckling

Front 22

source and function of ADH

Back 22

antidiuretic hormone/ vasopressin

source: hypothalmus/ posterior pituitary

function: promotes water reabsorption, increasing blood volume, by increasing the permeability of the nephron's collecting duct to water

Front 23

location of hypothalmus

Back 23

forebrain, directly above the pituitary

Front 24

source and function of GnRH

Back 24

source: hypothalmus

function: stimulate anterior pituitary to secrete FSH and LH

Front 25

location of thyroid

Back 25

bilobed, ventral surface of the trachea

Front 26

function of the thyroid hormones, thryoxin and triiodothronine

Back 26

growth and neuro development in children, increase metabolic rate throughout body

Front 27

hypothyroidism

Back 27

not enough thyroid hormone.

slow heart rate and respiratory rate, fatigue, cold intolerance, weight gain

Front 28

cretinism

Back 28

hypothyroidism in infants

mental retardation and short stature

Front 29

hyperthyroidism

Back 29

too much thyroid hormone

increased metabolism, excessive warmth, sweating, palpitations, weight loss, protruding eyes

Front 30

source and function of calcitonin

Back 30

source: thyroid

function: decreases plasma Ca2+, inhibits release of Ca from bone

Front 31

how is the pancreas both endocroine and exocrine?

Back 31

exocrine: secretion of digestive enzymes into small intestine

endocrine: islets of Langerhans secrete insulin and glucagon

Front 32

source and function of glucagon

Back 32

source: alpha cells of islets of Langerhans in the pancreas

function: increase blood glucose levels

Front 33

source and function of insulin

Back 33

source: beta cells of the islets of Langerhans in the pancreas

function: lower blood glucose levels

Front 34

source and function of PTH

Back 34

parathyroid hormone

function: regulates Ca2+ concentration, raises it

Front 35

source and function of renin

Back 35

source: kidneys

function: raise blood volume by stimulating adrenal cortex to release aldosterone

Front 36

source and function of gastrin

Back 36

source: stomach

function: stimulates gastric glands to release HCl in response to food in the stomach

Front 37

source and function of secretin

Back 37

source: small intestine

function: stimulates the secretion of alkaline bicarbonate solution from the pancrease to neutralize acidic food enters from the stomach

Front 38

source and function of cholecystokinin

Back 38

source: small intestine

function: stimulates release of bile from the gallbladder in response to fats

Front 39

source and function of melatonin

Back 39

source: pineal gland

function: unclear, possibly has to do with circadian rhythms

Front 40

how do peptide hormones normally function?

Back 40

attach to surface receptors, act via secondary messengers such as cAMP

Front 41

how do steroid hormones function?

Back 41

intracellular receptors

bind directly to DNA, promoting transcription of specific genes